中考复习名词汇编PPT课件.ppt

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1、中考复习中考复习中考复习中考复习名词名词名词名词熟记已学过的名词。熟记已学过的名词。掌握掌握名词的复数的变化规则名词的复数的变化规则掌握掌握名词所有格的构成名词所有格的构成及及其变化其变化。掌握掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别及用法可数名词与不可数名词的区别及用法。中考考查形式：中考考查形式：选择题、完形填空、看图填选择题、完形填空、看图填空空复习策略复习策略:普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词（人名、地名）（人名、地名）可数名词可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词名词名词名词单数的表达名词单数的表达 一般可用一般可用a a，anan，oneone来修饰来修饰注注：a a用于辅音用于辅音音素音素开头的单

2、词前开头的单词前,anan用于用于元音音元音音素素开头的单词前开头的单词前 *a a bookbook *anan English bookEnglish book *an an h hourour floweflower rflowerflowers swatchwatchfactoryfactoryleaf leaf boxboxesfactorifactorieseseseslealeavesvestomatotomatoesespotatopotatoesesheroheroesesradioradios sphotophotos szoozoos spianopianos s名词的复

3、数形式名词的复数形式名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 1.1.1.1.规则变化规则变化规则变化规则变化 (1)(1)(1)(1)一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加“s s s s”读读读读/s/s/s/s/或或或或/z/z/z/z/*dog*dog*dog*dog dog dog dog dogs s s s *book*book*book*book book book book books s s s (2)(2)(2)(2)以以以以s s s s、x x x x、chchchch、shshshsh，o o o o结尾的名词加结尾的名词加结尾的名词加结尾的名

4、词加“eseseses”/iz/iz/iz/iz/*box box box box box box box boxeseseses *watch watch watch watch watch watch watch watcheseseses：以：以：以：以o o o o结尾结尾结尾结尾加加-es-es只有：黑人只有：黑人(Negro)(Negro)英雄英雄(hero)(hero)喜欢吃西红柿喜欢吃西红柿(tomato)(tomato)和土豆（和土豆（potatopotato）可数名词(3)(3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变y y为为i i加加“eses”/iz/

5、iz/*countr*country y countr countries ies *factor *factory y factor factoriesies 但如果是元音字母加但如果是元音字母加y y 结尾的名词则结尾的名词则只须加只须加“s s”*boy*boy boy boys s holiday holiday-holidayholidays s *monkey *monkey monkey monkeys s (4)(4)以以f f、fe fe 结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变f f、fefe 为为v v再加再加“eses”/vz/vz/*half halves *shelf shelv

6、es *knife knives *leaf leaves 注意注意：有少数以f 或fe 结尾的名词变成复数形式时,只加-s，如：roofs,gulfs,chiefs族长 等。但是，handkerchief/scarf 的复数形式可以是 handkerchiefs/scarfs，也可以是 handkerchieves/scarves。There are many gulfs in the world.世界上有许多海湾。child-child-childrchildrenenwoman-womwoman-wome en ndeerdeersheepsheepman-mman-me en ngoo

7、se-goose-g geeeesese不规则变化不规则变化 (1)(1)单单复复数数同同形形：deer,deer,people,people,means,means,fishfish（鱼），ChineseChinese，Japanese Japanese(2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母oooo为为eeee t tooooth th t teeeeth fth foooot t f feeeet t g gooooseseg geeeesese (3).(3).变变manman为为 m me en n m ma an n m me en n womwoma an n womwome en n

8、policempolicema an n policempoliceme en n 其它变化：其它变化：其它变化：其它变化：（4）表示“某国人”的名词单数变复数：1.中国人(Chinese)、日本人(Japanese)、瑞士人(Swiss)单复数同形。2.英国/法国人改 a 为 e。如：FrenchmFrenchma an n Frenchm Frenchme en n 3.其他 以-an,-ian 结尾的各国人直接加-s。如：American(s),German(s),Russian(s),Australian(s),Indian(s),Korean(s)。GermanGermanGerma

9、nGerman GermanGermanGermanGermans s s s (“中日中日中日中日”不变不变不变不变“英法英法英法英法”变，其余变，其余变，其余变，其余s s s s加后面加后面加后面加后面)mousemice childchildren与众不同与众不同chopstickstrousersglassesshoes常以复数形式出现的名词：常以复数形式出现的名词：people clothes shoes pants,shorts,socks,trousers,glasses,chopsticks,scissors,goods 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数这些名词作主语时

10、，注意它们的谓语用复数;这类名词用来表这类名词用来表示数量时，示数量时，常需加常需加 pair,suitpair,suit 等量词。如：等量词。如：a pair of a pair of trouserstrousers一条裤子一条裤子,two pair,two pairs s of socks,a suit of clothes of socks,a suit of clothes。*My clothesMy clothes areare newer than yours.newer than yours.*可数名词可以被可数名词可以被a a,anan,oneone,two two以以及及

11、how manyhow many，manymany，a fewa few，fewfew，anyany，lots oflots of,a lot of a lot of，somesome等修饰等修饰 *There are There are a fewa few peoplepeople in the in the park.park.*How manyHow many knivesknives are there in your are there in your pencil-box?pencil-box?集体名词如：police警察部门/警察people,class同学们/班,family

12、家人/家,team队员/队,group,cattle 等表示由 若干个体组成的集合体。当这类词强 调每一个个体成员时，是复数概念，作主语时谓语动词用复数；如果强调 整个团体，则视为单数概念，作主语 时谓语动词用单数。但furniture,equipment,clothing 一类 的集体名词是不可数名词，作主语时 谓语动词用单数。集体名词做主语时集体名词做主语时集体名词做主语时集体名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。1.1.1.1.Her family Her family a large

13、 onea large one and her and her familyfamily allall teachersteachers.她她她她家家家家是一个大家庭是一个大家庭是一个大家庭是一个大家庭,她的她的她的她的家人家人家人家人都是老师。都是老师。都是老师。都是老师。重难点突破重难点突破isisisareare2.The police_on the street when accident happened.A.is B.are C.was D.were重难点突破重难点突破D1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are talki

14、ng about_.Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children2.There are three in my family.A.people B.person C.child3.Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies CAA4.In the picture there are many_ and two_.A.sheeps;knifes B.sheeps;knife C.sheep;knives D.sheep;k

15、nife 5.There are four_and two_in the group.A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，GermansDC 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时，通常只需将后面这个名词变复数，前面做定语的那个一般用单数。如：ten boy students,girl friends,twin sisters。*There are three banana trees over there.但是，由 man,woman 作前置定语构成的复合名词变复数时，man 或woman 与后面的名词

16、都要变复数(即与后面的名词保持数的一致与后面的名词保持数的一致）。如：some women doctors。复合名词变复数复合名词变复数 *We needWe needWe needWe need a man teachera man teacher.*They are all*They are all womwome e e en workern workers s s s.sports,clothessports,clothes（在另一名词前）（在另一名词前）做定语时做定语时做定语时做定语时,仍用复数仍用复数仍用复数仍用复数 如如如如:*a a a a sportssports stars

17、tarstarstar /*a/*a/*a/*a clothesclothes shopshopshopshop重难点突破重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Our hospital needs two_doctors,Mrs.Li.You can ask your son to have a try.A.women B.man C.woman D.menD 注意：(1)有些名词的单复数形式表示的意义不同。如：two fish 两条鱼，two fishes 两种鱼类 some people一些人，some peoples 一些民族(2)有些名词形式上是

18、复数，但意义上是单数，一般看作单数名词。如：news,mathematics/maths,physics,politics,the United States,Niagara Falls尼亚加拉大瀑布等。a bottle ofa bottle of juicejuicea glass ofa glass of orangeorangetwo boxes oftwo boxes of milkmilk不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词：不可数名词：物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。如物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。如:water，rice，fish，meat，chalk，wood,medicine

19、，paper物质。work work,time time,space space,money money,weather weather,music music,English English,homework homework,housework housework,advice advice,news news,information information,及表示液体、气体的名称及表示液体、气体的名称 1.1.不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数语动词用单数 *Some breadSome bread isis over thereover t

20、here.*No news*No news isis good news.good news.2.2.2.2.不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被a a,an an,oneone,two two等修饰，常等修饰，常等修饰，常等修饰，常用用用用how muchhow much,much much,a little a little,little little,a a lot lot lot lot ofof,lots oflots of,some some,any any等修饰等修饰等修饰等修饰 *They hadThey had muchmuch m

21、oney.money.*He does*He does littlelittle housework at home.housework at home.*a rice *a rice(X)(X)*two bread *two bread(X)(X)3.3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用可数名词和不可数名词都可以用可数名词和不可数名词都可以用可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位单位单位单位+of+of+of+of+名词名词名词名词表达表达表达表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词仍用量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词仍用量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词仍用量，但单位后面的可

22、数名词用复数，不可数名词仍用单数单数单数单数（注意：加在不可数名词前的量词是可数的，所以当数词大于 1 时，量词要变为复数形式）。*a bag ofa bag of applesapples *a piece ofa piece of paperpaper *threethree glass glasseses of of orangeorange 4.4.4.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同同一个词，但意思不同

23、同一个词，但意思不同同一个词，但意思不同 glass glass(玻璃玻璃)a glass a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯)work work(工作工作)a work a work(著作著作)time time(时间时间)times times(时代，次数时代，次数)room 空间，余地，地方 a room 一间房间 paper 纸 a paper 一份试卷/一篇论文 orange 橙子汁 an orange 一个橙子 chicken 鸡肉 a chicken 一只小鸡 THANK YOUSUCCESS2023/2/731可编辑1.Please give me _ paper.A.one B.a

24、 pieces C.a pieceD.a piece of2.This table is made of_.A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass3.What can I do for you,sir?Id like two_.A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks4.We can do the work better with_money and _ people.A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,li

25、ttle D.few,few DDCA 1.Beijing is the capital 1.Beijing is the capital ofof China.China.Beijing is China Beijing is Chinas s capital.capital.2.This is Mary and her sister2.This is Mary and her sisters s bedroom.bedroom.Bob and Lucy Bob and Lucys s sister is a nurse.sister is a nurse.3.These are Tom 3

26、.These are Toms s and Lily and Lilys s bags.bags.的的看例题识所有格看例题识所有格4.She is the two 4.She is the two boysboys mother.mother.5.the door 5.the door ofof the room the room the leaves the leaves ofof the tree the tree6.the 6.the girlgirls s name=the name name=the name of of the the girlgirl7.He is a frien

27、d of my brother7.He is a friend of my brothers s.名词所有格名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系“的的”一一.名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法 1.1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“s s”如：如：KangkangKangkangKangkangKangkangs s s s father Lucy father Lucy father Lucy father Lucys s s s book book book book 2.2.以以s s结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词,无论是单数还是复数，其

28、所无论是单数还是复数，其所有格只需在后面加有格只需在后面加“”TeachersTeachersTeachersTeachers Day The Greens Day The Greens Day The Greens Day The Greens house house house housemens clothesmens clothes男式服装男式服装6.Lucy is _ sister.A.Mary and Jack B.Marys and Jacks C.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and Jacks重难点突破重难点突破D 3 3.表示“两者(或以上)共同所有”时，只需

29、在最后一个名词后加“s”；若表示“两者(或以上)各自拥有”时，要在每一 个名词后都加“s”。如：Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间 (共同所有，只有一个房间，room 用单数)4.4.无生命名词的所有关系用无生命名词的所有关系用ofof加名词，构成所属加名词，构成所属关系的短语关系的短语 *the color the color the color the color ofofofof the wall the wall the wall the wall *a picture *a picture *a picture *a picture ofofofof the c

30、lassroom the classroom the classroom the classroom5.Where is Tom?-He has gone to the _.A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers重难点突破重难点突破D5.5.在表示“某人的家”、“某 种从业者的工作地点(如店铺、诊所、餐馆等)”的名词所有格后面，一般省掉它所修饰的名词。如：at Mr.Whites(house)在怀特先生家 *mymy auntaunts s (home(home）(我姑姑家）我姑姑家）*go to thego to the teachersteac

31、hers (office(office）(去老师办公室）去老师办公室）*at the barbers(shop)在理发店1.June 1st is _Day.All the Children enjoy it very much.A.Children B.Childrens C.Childrens D.Child2.The two bedroom are the _.A.twins B.twins C.twins D.twinsCC2.This pair of shorts_too expensive.I cant afford_.A.are,them B.are,itC.is,them D.

32、is,it重难点突破重难点突破C当出现当出现当出现当出现“单位单位单位单位+of+of+of+of+名词名词名词名词”时，谓语动词应根时，谓语动词应根时，谓语动词应根时，谓语动词应根据据据据“单位单位单位单位”的单复数决定。的单复数决定。的单复数决定。的单复数决定。ThisThis pairpair of shoesof shoes isis nice.nice.比较：比较：TheThe shoesshoes areare nice.nice.HereHere areare two piecetwo pieces s ofof news.news.比较：比较：The The newsnews

33、isis wonderful.wonderful.3.The model plane was made by a _ boy.A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-older C.ten-year-old D.ten-year old重难点突破重难点突破C 当数词与单位名词一起构成当数词与单位名词一起构成当数词与单位名词一起构成当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词合成形容词合成形容词合成形容词做做做做定语时，定语时，定语时，定语时，单位名词往往用单位名词往往用单位名词往往用单位名词往往用单数单数单数单数形式形式形式形式,数词数词数词数词与单位名词用与单位名词用与单位名词用与单位名

34、词用“-”连接。连接。连接。连接。*He is a He is a fourteen-year-oldfourteen-year-old boy.boy.*This is a*This is a two-hourtwo-hour plan.plan.7.Look at that old man.He is_.A.a friend of my B.a friend of mine C.A mes friend D.a my friend 重难点突破重难点突破B*物主代词与物主代词与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any等词共同修饰名词时，需用等词共同修饰名词时，需

35、用双重所有格双重所有格，其构成为其构成为:名词名词+of+of+名词所有格（或名词性物主代词）如：名词所有格（或名词性物主代词）如：that novel of her brothers 她兄弟的那本小说 friend of mineone of my friends 我的一位朋友some students of Johns some of Johns students 约翰的一些学生some inventions of Edisons爱迪生的一些发明双重所有格双重所有格8.Its _from our school to my home.A.ten minutes walk B.ten minu

36、tes walkC.ten minute walk D.ten minutes walk重难点突破重难点突破Atwo months vacation=two-month vacation表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等的名词的所有格要用“s”来表示。此表达可以和合成形容词互换此表达可以和合成形容词互换如：one hundred miles journey 一百英里的旅程 a boats length 一条船的长度 two pounds weight 两磅的重量 ten dollars worth 十美元的价值six minutes walka six-minute walk 步行六分钟的路程

37、注意：一些名词表示所属关系时，通常并不使用所有格，而是借助于某些介词。如：the key to the door 门的钥匙the way to the school 去学校的路the answer to the question 问题的答案1.1.Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.2.2.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.bed.3.3.The number of th

38、e students in our school The number of the students in our school _(is,are)2,000._(is,are)2,000.4.4.The woman with two children _(is,are)The woman with two children _(is,are)coming ing here.5.5.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.American.i is si is si is si is samam指点

39、迷津指点迷津6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for 6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.the boy.7.They are all _(woman,7.They are all _(woman,teachers;women teachers).teachers;women teachers).8.8.The population of China _(are,is)The population of China _(are,is)over 1,300,000,000.over 1,300,000,000.i is

40、 si is swomen teacherswomen teachers9.There are many _(peoples,people 9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in summer.)in the street in summer.10.One of the students _(have,has)10.One of the students _(have,has)gone to Shanghai.gone to Shanghai.peoplpeople ehashasThe Browns The Browns isis

41、 going to visit China.(going to visit China.()The Browns The Browns areare going to visit China.going to visit China.()The young The young isis dancing there.dancing there.()()The young The young areare dancing there.dancing there.()Physics Physics areare very difficult to learn.very difficult to le

42、arn.()()典型例题解析典型例题解析Physics Physics isis very difficult to learn.very difficult to learn.()()We have five We have five GermenGermen in this meeting.in this meeting.()()We have five We have five GermansGermans in this in this meeting.()meeting.()This is one of the English-Chinese This is one of the E

43、nglish-Chinese dictionarydictionary.().()This is one of the English-Chinese This is one of the English-Chinese dictionariesdictionaries.()()根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.1.Different people may have different _.(idea)(idea)2.I often go to work on _.(foot)2.I ofte

44、n go to work on _.(foot)3.I know one of the_.(boy)3.I know one of the_.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of_.4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of_.(glass)(glass)5.Please give them their _.(photo)5.Please give them their _.(photo)ideaideas sfoofoot tboysboysglasseglasses sphotosphotosNOUN.NOUN.NOUN.NOUN.6

45、.Are there any _ in the box?6.Are there any _ in the box?(watch)(watch)7.There are twelve _ 7.There are twelve _ in a year.in a year.(month)(month)8.Would you like some8.Would you like some_?(tomato)_?(tomato)9.Look at those _ in the boats!9.Look at those _ in the boats!(people)(people)10.Look!The _

46、are singing.(woman)10.Look!The _are singing.(woman)watcheswatchesmonthsmonthstomatoestomatoespeoplpeople ewomenwomen11.September 10th is _Day.(teacher)11.September 10th is _Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some _.(knife)12.Jim has some _.(knife)13.How much are these _?(vegetable)13.How much are these _?(vege

47、table)14.My school is twenty_ walk from here.14.My school is twenty_ walk from here.(minute)(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend 15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)of_.(Lucy)TeachersTeacherskniveknives svegetablevegetables sminutesminutesLucyLucys s单项选择题1.Look!The kites in th

48、e sky are different _.Some are big and some are small.A size B sizes C color D colors2.-I hear you run for half an hour every.-Right,we have to.It is one of the _ in our school.A rules B plans C hobbies D choices3.The student of grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there.A bird B duck C sheep D rabbitBACThank you!Thank you!THANK YOUSUCCESS2023/2/760可编辑