第一章商务英语翻译概论课件.ppt
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1、Unit1AnIntroductiontoBusinessEnglishTranslation1OriginofTranslationthe Tower of Babel2theTowerofBabelfromtheBibleNowthewholeearthhadonelanguageandfewwords.Andasmenmigratedtotheeast,theyfoundaplaininthelandofShinarandsettledthere.Andtheysaidtooneanother,Come,letusmakebricks,andburnthemthoroughly.Andt
2、heyhadbrickforstone,andbitumenformortar.Thentheysaid,Come,letusbuildourselvesacity,andatowerwithitstopintheheavens,andletusmakeanameforourselves,lestwebescatteredabroaduponthefaceofthewholeearth.AndtheLORDcamedowntoseethecityandthetower,whichthesonsofmenhadbuilt.3AndtheLORDsaid,Behold,theyareonepeop
3、le,andtheyhaveallonelanguage;andthisisonlythebeginningofwhattheywilldo;andnothingthattheyproposetodowillnowbeimpossibleforthem.Come,letusgodown,andthereconfusetheirlanguage,thattheymaynotunderstandoneanothersspeech.SotheLORDscatteredthemabroadfromthereoverthefaceofalltheearth,andtheyleftoffbuildingt
4、hecity.45RedlionheadBeancurdmadebyapock-markedwoman;Husbandandwifeslungslice;Rollingdonkey6BraisedPorkBallsinSoySauceMapoTofuBeefandOxTripeinChiliSauceLdagunr(GlutinousRiceRollswithSweetBeanFlour)78910“fee-payingpublictoilet”北京的一家收费厕所,门口的标示牌为“到北京的厕所领钱去”11EarliestTranslationHistoryinChina西汉学者刘向(公元前77
5、年前6年)说苑善说记载越人歌,距今二千多年。国语周语中:“故坐诸门外,而使舌人体委与之。”韦昭注:“舌人,能达异方之志,象胥之官也。”舌人:tongueman象胥:古代的翻译官拉丁语的“舌”字词根为“lingua”,称译员为“linguist”(与语言学家同字),与中文的“舌人”完全对应。12-theWest250B.C.LiviusAndronicus(里维乌斯安德罗尼柯,罗马人)translatedtheGreekepicpoem“Odyssey”inLatin.13CharacteristicsofBusinessEnglishLexicalfeaturesSyntacticfeatur
6、esStylisticfeatures141)FormalandseriousA.longprepositionsB.compoundwordsmadeupofhere/there+prepositionsC.abbreviationsD.technicalterms15Examples:(1)Incompliancewithyourcableof12th,wehaveopenedL/Ctoday.按照你方12日电报,我们今天开出信用证。(2)Weencloseherewithoneofourprice-listforyourexamination.兹随函附寄我价格表一份,请参考。(3)The
7、reafter,youmaybookorderswithusaswealwaysmaintainadequatequantitiesofreplacementpartsinstock.之后,贵方可向我公司订购,我们经常保持适当数量的零部件现货。16Moreexamples(4)WeshallcoverTPNDonyourorder.我们将为你方所订货物投保偷窃、提货不着险。(5)WeusedtodobusinesswiththemonFOBbasis.我们过去和他们按船上交货价做生意。(6)WeencloseBillofLading,ConsignmentNotewiththreecopies
8、ofCommercialInvoice,CertificateofOrigin,ImportLicense.我们附上提单,发货通知书我们附上提单,发货通知书/托运通知书,托运通知书,以及商业发票、产地证和进口许可证的三份以及商业发票、产地证和进口许可证的三份复印件。复印件。172)AccurateandspecificThecorrectexpressionoftime,price,quantity,sumofmoney,specifications,etc.18ExamplesWeshalldeliverthegoodstoyoubySeptember12.我们将于9月12日前将货交给你方。
9、我们将于9月12日,包括12日在内将货交给你方。19SyntacticFeatures1)Usingdeclarativesentences2)Usingcomplexsentences,participlesandinfinitives3)Usepassivevoice4)Usingmodalverbs20IncasethecontractisconcludedonCIFbasis,theinsuranceshallbeeffectedbythesellerfor110%ofinvoicevaluecoveringallrisks,warrisk,andS.R.C.C.risks(i.e.,
10、Strikes,Riot,andCivilCommotions).在到岸价基础上订立的合同,将由卖方按发票金额110%投保综合险、战争险、罢工险、暴乱险和民变险。21StylisticfeaturesDiversity22DefinitionsofTranslationTranslating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.Columbia EncyclopediaTranslating is the replacement of textual ma
11、terial in one language(SL)by equivalent textual material in another language(TL).J.C.Carford23To translate is to change into another language,retaining as much of the sense as one can.Samuel Johnson(Translating)is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended t
12、he text.Peter NewmarkTranslation is an art that involves the re-creation of a work in another language for readers with a different background.Malcolm Cowley24Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message,first in terms of
13、meaning and secondly in terms of style.翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。Eugene A.Nida25NatureofTranslation翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。意义的交流必须通过语言来实现,而每种语言都是一个独特文化的部分和载体。我们在转换一个文本的语言信息时,也在传达其蕴含的文化意义。翻译的本质是释义,是意义的转换。26ClassificationsBymeans:-interpretation,translationandmachinetranslatio
14、nBythedifferencebetweenSLandTL-inter-language,intra-languageBythetreatmentofthesourcematerials-completetranslation,selecttranslation,translationandeditByregister-practical,literary,scientific27CriteriaofTranslation诸佛典皆在天竺。天竺言语,与汉异诸佛典皆在天竺。天竺言语,与汉异音音名物不同,传实不易名物不同,传实不易仆初仆初嫌其词不雅。维祇难曰:嫌其词不雅。维祇难曰:“佛言依其佛言依
15、其义不用饰,取其法不以严。其传经者,义不用饰,取其法不以严。其传经者,当令易晓,勿失厥义,是则为善。当令易晓,勿失厥义,是则为善。”座中咸曰:座中咸曰:“老氏称:老氏称:美言不信,美言不信,信言不美。信言不美。今传胡义,实且径今传胡义,实且径达。达。”-支谦(法句经序)28佛经是从印度取回的。印度语言的发音与汉语不同事物及其名称不同,翻译时传达原义很不容易我开始认为译文用词不雅。一位名叫祗难的人说:“翻译佛言要传达意义,不用修饰,要严格根据佛法。译者翻译经文,要使经文易懂,不失其本义,这样的译文才是好译文。”在座的人都说:“老子说:美的译文不信,信的译文不美。翻译外语的意义,直接译过来就行。”
16、29Criteriaoftranslation“译译”事三难:事三难:信、达、雅信、达、雅。求其信,已大。求其信,已大难矣。顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚难矣。顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉。焉。译文取明深意,故词句之间,时有译文取明深意,故词句之间,时有所颠倒附益,斤斤于字比句次,而意义则不所颠倒附益,斤斤于字比句次,而意义则不倍本文。倍本文。至原文词理本深,难于共喻,至原文词理本深,难于共喻,则当前思后衬,以显其意。凡此经营,皆以则当前思后衬,以显其意。凡此经营,皆以为达:为达,即以为信也。为达:为达,即以为信也。易易曰:曰:“修修辞立诚辞立诚”。子曰。子曰“辞达而已!辞达而已!”又
17、曰:又曰:“言言之无文,行之不远之无文,行之不远”。三者乃文章正轨,亦。三者乃文章正轨,亦即为译事楷模。故信达而外,求其尔雅。即为译事楷模。故信达而外,求其尔雅。严复(18541921,天演论译例言)30YanFu(1854-1921)-AFamousChineseScholarandTranslator“信”(faithfulness):Beingfaithfultotheoriginal(忠实于原文)“达”(expressiveness):Beingexplicitandsmooth(明白晓畅)“雅”(elegance):Beingelegantindiction(措辞的优雅)31Crit
18、eriaofTranslation译者不但要求达义,并且要以传神为目的,译文必须忠实于原文之字神句气与言外之意。林语堂Sodim,sodark,Sodense,sodull,Sodamp,sodank,Sodead!Theweather,nowwarm,nowcold,Makesitharderthanevertoforget!HowcanthinwineandbreadServeasprotectionAgainstthepiercingwindofsunset!32CriteriaofTranslation以效果而论,翻译应像临画一样,所求的不在形似,而是神似。傅雷文学翻译的最高标准可以说
19、是“化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既不能因语言习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原作的风味,那就算得入于“化境”。钱钟书真有灵感的译文,像投胎重生的灵魂一般,令人觉得是一种“再创造”。余光中 33CriteriaofTranslation泰特勒(AlexanderF.Tytler)(1747-1814)翻译“三原则”:A.Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.译文应完全复写出原文的思想;B.Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesame
20、characterasthatoftheoriginal.译文的风格和笔调应与原文的一致;C.Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.译文应和原文同样流畅。34EugeneNida(1914-):FatherofModernTranslationTheorydynamic/functionalequivalence“Thereaderofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycanconceiveofhowtheoriginalreaders
21、ofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciatedit.”Corecontents:ReadersresponsePriorityofcontentoverform35Examples例一:“Xishi”,i.e.,“Xizi”,isoneofthefourmostbeautifulladiesintheChinesehistory,whowasthenativeofZhejiangprovince.“thefairlady”or“aChineseCleopatra”例二:Liar,Liar,ParentsonFire(NewsweekApril7th,2008
22、)试译1:撒谎,撒谎,父母遭殃例三:HurtingandHomeless(NewsweekMay21st,2008)试译:心无所依,身无所栖。36PeterNewmarkSLemphasisTLemphasisWord-for-wordtranslationAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfultranslationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslationsemantictranslationattemptstorender,ascloselya
23、sthesemanticandsyntacticstructureofthesecondlanguageallow,theexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginal“communicativetranslationattemptstoproduceonitsreadersaneffectascloseaspossibletothatobtainedonthereadersoftheoriginal(Newmark,1981:39).37英国翻译理论家Peter Newmark将语言功能分为七类:1、informative function,传达信息。如:他是我哥哥。
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