高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件.ppt

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1、阅阅读读理理解解解解题题技技巧巧之之 主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型 主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型 我我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考是常考题。一般一般针对某一某一语段或某一段或某一语篇的篇的主主题(main idea,mainly about)(main idea,mainly about),目的目的(purpose)(purpose)或或标题(title)(title)设题。1)主主题型型的的题干形式干形式The main idea of the passage is The passage is

2、 mainly about What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2)写作目的型写作目的型的的题干形式干形式The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is to The author intends to.Whats the purpose of the passage?3)标题型型的的题干形式干形式The best title for the pas

3、sage might be Which of the following is the best title of the passage?【设题形式形式】【如何做主旨大意如何做主旨大意题】1)主旨大意主旨大意题属于属于归纳概括概括题。如有。如有标题，标题中中蕴含的信息往往是关含的信息往往是关键信息。信息。2)找准文章的找准文章的主主题句句是关是关键。“主主题句定位句定位法法”是一种行之有效的方法。是一种行之有效的方法。3)记叙文通常没有主叙文通常没有主题句，需根据文章所句，需根据文章所述内容述内容进行行归纳，最后概括出来的中心意思，最后概括出来的中心意思一定一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏

4、概全要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离或离题太太远、太、太笼统。4)无明无明显主主题句句时找找高高频信息信息词.“主主题句定位法句定位法”主主题句在段首句在段首 主主题句在段末句在段末 首尾呼首尾呼应应主主题题句在短文中句在短文中间间(1)主主题句在段首句在段首一个主一个主题句常常是一个段落的开句常常是一个段落的开头，其后是，其后是论证性性细节。在。在说明文、明文、论述文或新述文或新闻报道中多道中多采用采用这种形式，作者在首段常常亮出种形式，作者在首段常常亮出观点，表点，表明立明立场。大多数文章的主大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句句就是文章的首句所以要所以要认真真阅读段落首句。段落首句。【

5、典题范析】1.Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America.About 160,440 Americans die each year from it.More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related,according to the Lung Cancer Organization.The main idea of the passage is _.A.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B.Smoking is a bad habit

6、C.LCO advises people to stop smokingD.Why did people die of Lung cancer?A论证论证性性细节细节2.Zinc(锌)is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health.It is present in the body in a very small amount but makes it possible for important chemical actions to be carried out in cells.Scientists are just begin

7、ning to discover how zinc and other elements work.The best title for the passage may be_.A.A New DiscoveryB.Zinc and HealthC.How Zinc WorksD.Add Zinc to Your FoodB论证论证性性细节细节(2)主主题句在段末句在段末有的主有的主题句放到句放到文章的末尾文章的末尾，先，先摆出事出事实依据，依据，层层推理推理论证，将主，将主题引向高潮，起到引向高潮，起到总结作作用用，从而形成，从而形成强有力的有力的结论，这就要求考生耐就要求考生耐心地心地读完

8、全文完全文。【典题范析】1.In fact,when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life,it means that we must be educated in such a way that,firstly,each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability，and secondly,that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society,and that is very

9、bad to be ashamed of ones work.Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.The passage tells us about _of the education.A.the means B.the systemC.the value D.the typeC层层层层推理推理论证论证2.Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change.We can se

10、e and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain.But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere.Meteorologists call this the water cycle.What is the main idea of the passage?_A.Water cycle.B.Water vapour.C.How rain forms.D.Water,vapour,rain.A层层层层推理推理论证论证（3）首尾呼首尾呼应为突出主突出主题,作者作者先提出

11、主先提出主题,结尾尾时再次点再次点出主出主题,这种首尾呼种首尾呼应的写作方式也的写作方式也较为多多见.通常通常,前后表述主前后表述主题的句子不是的句子不是简单的重复的重复,后面的表述往往有后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或一步的引申或发展的意展的意味味.【典题范析】(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well.Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，te

12、lls a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination It doesnt mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview.But，next time you are tested in a way that seems

13、 impossible,imagine what it would take to overcome it.Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first.So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.What is the purpose of the passage?_ A.To tell us an interesting story.B.To help us make right decisio

14、ns.C.To advise us to care about children.D.To encourage us to use our imagination.D（4）主主题句在短文中句在短文中间 当主当主题句被安排在段中句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只通常前面只提出提出问题,文中的主文中的主题由随之由随之陈述的述的细节或或合乎合乎逻辑的引申在文中的引申在文中导出出,而后又作而后又作进一一步的解步的解释,支撑或支撑或发展展.【典题范析】In a world with limited land,water and other natural resources,the harm from th

15、e traditional business model is on the rise.Actually,the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed,and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways.That means growth with l

16、ow carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words,we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today,sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.提出提出问题问题或或现现

17、象象作作进进一步的解一步的解释释,支撑或支撑或发发展展继续陈继续陈述述细节细节或引申或引申 What is the main purpose of the passage?_ A.To introduce a new business model.B.To compare two business models.C.To predict a change of the global market.D.To advocate sustainable development.D3)有的文章的中心思想有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中（尤其是含在文中（尤其是记叙文），叙文），让读者很者很难发现，这种情况种

18、情况难度度较大，考生要通大，考生要通观全全文，分清主旨文，分清主旨细节，进行行归纳推理。推理。最后概括出来的最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离或离题太太远、太、太笼统。解答此解答此类题时考生需要把握作考生需要把握作者的者的观点、点、态度、度、语气等，分析文章的篇章气等，分析文章的篇章结构，抓构，抓住文章开住文章开头的主的主题句或文章最后的句或文章最后的结论，捕捉与，捕捉与题目目有关的信息，从而找出能概括文章主旨的有关的信息，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心目和中心思想。思想。【典题范析】At thirteen，I w

19、as diagnosed(诊断)with a kind of attention disorder.It made school difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks，I could not.In my first literature class，Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it，all within 45 minutes.I raised my hand right away and said，“Mrs.Smi

20、th，you see，the doctor said I have attention problems.I might not be able to do it.”She glanced down at me through her glasses，“You are no different from your classmates，young man.”I tried，but I didnt finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home.In the quietness of my bedroom，the story

21、 suddenly all became clear to me.It was about a blind person，Louis 本文主要本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老力，在老师的激励下，克服困的激励下，克服困难的故事的故事Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.But Louis didnt give up.Instead，he invented a reading system of raised dots(点)，which opened up a

22、whole new world of knowledge to the blind.Wasnt I the“blind”in my class，being made to learn like the“sighted”students？My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40 minutes.Indeed，I was no different from others；I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his

23、 way out of his problems，why should I ever give up?I didnt expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith，so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next daywith an“A”on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words：“See what you can do when you keep trying？”What is the main ide

24、a of the passage?_AThe disabled should be treated with respect.BA teacher can open up a new world to students.COne can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.DEveryone needs a hand when faced with challenges.C某个具体事某个具体事实或或细节片面推出的片面推出的错误结论非文章事非文章事实的主的主观臆断臆断干扰项干扰项4)无明无明显主主题句句时找找高高频信息信息词 任一篇文章都是

25、任一篇文章都是围绕某个主某个主题展开的，因此，展开的，因此，有的文章中最明有的文章中最明显的特点之一是的特点之一是有一个反复出有一个反复出现的中心的中心词，即高，即高频词，也叫做主，也叫做主题词。抓住抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。【典题范析】Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself.Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you unti

26、l you love yourself.Either way,youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky.Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes,and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics,but sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice

27、 thoughts about ourselves.If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge.it is time you build a positive selfimage and learn to love yourself.The best way to defeat a passive selfimage is to step back and decide to stress your successes.That is,make a list if you need to,but write down all of

28、 the great things you do every day.Dont allow doubts to occur in it.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeselfimageistorealize that your image is far from objective,and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long

29、way towards promoting a positiveselfimage.Whenyoucanpat(拍)yourself on the back,youll know youre well on your way.Good luck!CWhat is the passage mainly about?_A.How to prepare for your success.B.How to face challenges in your life.C.Howtobuildapositiveselfimage.D.How to develop your good qualities.【及时训练】B A D B A C B