英文酶精品文稿.ppt
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1、英文课件酶第1页,本讲稿共19页EnzymeMechanism:SerineProteases第2页,本讲稿共19页ActivesitesofenzymesItisanareaofenzyme,Itisconsistofafewaminoacidsresidues,TheresiduesareclosedtoeachotherinspaceItcombinessubstrateandcatalyzesareaction.第3页,本讲稿共19页KeyTerms:CovalentcatalysisAcyl-enzymeintermediateNucleophilicagentElectrophil
2、icagentPreferentialbindingoftransitionstatecomplexCatalytictriad第4页,本讲稿共19页DiverseRoleofSerineproteasesSerineproteasesplayanimportantroleinmanyprocesses,e.g.digestionofdietaryprotein,bloodclottingcascade,andinseveralpathwaysofdifferentiationanddevelopment.Proteasesactiveindigestioninclude:Trypsin,Ch
3、ymotrypsin,ElastaseTheseenzymesareproducedaszymogens.Proteolyticcleavageoccursinseverallocationsresultingintheformationofintactenzymes.Theactivesiteinthezymogenisdistortedanddoesnothavehighcatalyticefficiency第5页,本讲稿共19页chymotrypsin第6页,本讲稿共19页SubstrateSpecificitySerineproteasesutilizealloftheintermol
4、ecularforces.Inparticular,thepeptidetobecleavedoftenformsoneormorehydrogenbondswiththesubstrate:TrypsincleavesafterLysandArgresidues:Asp189intheactivesiteofTrypsininteractswiththepositivechargeonArgandLys.Chymotrypsincleavesafteraromatic(andlargehydrophobic)residues:Theactivesiteoftheenzymecontainsa
5、hydrophobicpocket,formedinpartbyMet192ofChymotrypsin.第7页,本讲稿共19页第8页,本讲稿共19页MechanismofSerineProteases:SerineProteasescanhydrolyzeeitherestersorpeptidebondsutilizingmechanismsofcovalentcatalysisandpreferentialbindingofthetransitionstateandbyprovidingsuitablereactivegroupsnearthepeptidebondthatiscleav
6、ed.第9页,本讲稿共19页EsterHydrolysisNotethatthebrightyellowcolorofthep-nitrophenolateionprovidesaconvenientwaytomonitortherateofproductformation.第10页,本讲稿共19页PeptideHydrolysisChymotrypsin:Chymotrypsin第11页,本讲稿共19页ChemicalMechanismofChymotrypsinAkeyfeatureofthemechanismistheformationofaenzyme-boundstableInter
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