2022高考英语大一轮复习语法专题8定语从句课件新人教版.pptx

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1、语法专题八定语从句语法专题八定语从句第一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2019全国,语篇填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,she opened with her late husband Les.which先行词是the pet shop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做动词opened的宾语,所以填which。2.(2019全国,语篇填空)They were well trained by their masters had g

2、reat experience with caring for these animals.who先行词是指人的名词masters,关系词在限制性定语从句中做主语,所以填who。第二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-3-高考感悟考点归纳3.(2018全国,语篇填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early

3、deaths from all causes.that/which先行词是a study,关系词在限制性定语从句中做主语,故填that/which。4.(2017全国,语篇填空)Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,is not good for the health.which题空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中做主语,故填which。第三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-4-高考感悟考点归纳5.(2016全国,语篇填空)Some people think that the great Chinese schol

4、ar Confucius,lived from roughly 551 B.C.to 479 B.C.,influenced the development of chopsticks.who根据对逗号前后内容的分析可以看出空格处所在句子为非限制性定语从句,其先行词Confucius 指人,故用who引导该定语从句并做从句的主语。第四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-5-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句

5、中充当状语。1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Do you know the boy(whom)we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?第五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-6-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。The

6、 exact year(which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。She is the writer(that)I want to see very much.她就是那位我非常想见的作家。Among the many dangers(which/that)sailors have to face,probably the greates

7、t of all is fog.在海员们必须要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。第六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-7-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名词”。The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。The house whose windows are very large is

8、 my uncles.=The house of which the windows are very large is my uncles.那些窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。第七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六6.as既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the same,so,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.(as做work ou

9、t的宾语)这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。注意so/such.that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.(work out 已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)第八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导

10、的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。The number of smokers,as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。第九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time,day,week,year,month等,常用on which,in which,at which,during which等代替。As the smallest child of

11、his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。I am looking forward to the day when/on which my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。第十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六8.wher

12、e 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。The house where/in which he lives is near the river.他住的房子在河边。注意高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。Students should involve themselves in community activities where/in which they can

13、 gain experience for growth.学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。第十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六9.why 指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用for which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。Tell me the reason why/for which you came late.告诉我你来晚了的原因。注意用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。第十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-13-高考

14、感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。We should do all that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。2.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。This is the last place that I want to visit.这是我最不想参

15、观的地方。第十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-14-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的一部小说。4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the third dictionary that I have used.这是我用过的第三本字典。5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。

16、6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个人是谁?第十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-15-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六注意在例句“Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked.”中,即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中的work为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词。前面所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。第十五页，编辑于

17、星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whom。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.这就是我们去北京乘的那列火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,which my classmates recommended to me.上周我从图书馆里借了夏洛克福尔摩

18、斯这本书,书是我的同学向我推荐的。第十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-17-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.指人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时,关系代词要用who,不用that。Is there anyone who can answer this question?有谁能回答这个问题?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或those时,关系代词应用which。Whats that which she is looking at?她正在看什么?第十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-18-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.

19、位置不同。which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。It is a truly delightful place,which looks the same as it must have been 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。Mike,as you know,is an honest man./Mike is an honest m

20、an,as you know./As you know,Mike is an honest man.如你所知,迈克是个诚实的人。第十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-19-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六2.先行词不同。as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。As we all know,he is very proud.(先行词为一个句子)众所周知,他很骄傲。He was proud,which his brother never was.(先行词是一个词)他是自大的,而他弟弟从不自大。第十九页，编

21、辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-20-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.意义不同。as一般译为“正如,就像”;which一般译为“这一点,这件事”。John,as you know,is my best friend.正如你所知,约翰是我最好的朋友。He has been to Paris more than ten times,which I dont believe.他已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。4.关系不同。当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。Tom was late for school,which made his teacher very

22、 angry.汤姆上学迟到了,这使他老师很生气。第二十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-21-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:as anybody can see正如大家所看到的那样as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样as often happens正如经常发生的那样as has been said before如之前所述as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的第二十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-22-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者t

23、hat;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose。The person to whom youll write is Mr.Ball.你将给他写信的那个人是鲍尔先生。I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far.我想要感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助我不会取得今天的成就。第二十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-23-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六2.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,

24、each,few等代词及名词、数词。Her sons,both of whom work abroad,ring her up every week.她的两个儿子都在国外工作,每周都给她打电话。I live in a house,the window of which faces south.我住在一个房子里,这个房子的窗户朝南。第二十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-24-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的习惯搭配、先行词和介词的习惯搭配来确定,有时也需要结合句意。In the street there wasnt

25、any person to whom she could turn for help.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.4.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句中,定语从句常和先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。He lives in a big house,in front of which stands a tall apple tree.注意在一些固定搭配的短语动词中,由于动词和介词不能分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。This is the book(which/tha

26、t)Im looking for.不可以说:This is the book for which Im looking.第二十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-25-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六5.from where 虽为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可引导定语从句,where往往指代前面表示具体位置的介词短语。He stood on top of the hill,from where he could see the whole village.(where指代on top of the hill,指的是“从山顶那个地方看”,而不是指“山”)第二十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十

27、七分。考点二-26-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。二者都跟在名词后面,区别:定语从句修饰先行词,是对其进行修饰限定;同位语从句则是对前面名词的解释说明,是其内容。同位语从句前的名词常为抽象名词,如:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thought。同位语从句主要由that引导,在从句中不做成分,有时也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,在从句中充当成分。The news that our team won made us excited.(our team won是news的内容,that不充当

28、从句的成分,为同位语从句。可理解为:The news was that our team won.)The news that he told me was exciting.(he told me 缺少一个直接宾语,由that充当,故为定语从句。不能将其理解为:The news was that he told me.)第二十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-27-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六2.定语从句与并列句和简单句的区别。区别的关键是看标点和连接词。Our class has sixty students,most of whom study hard.(逗号后为另一个句子

29、,两个句子之间要用连接代词whom,为定语从句)Our class has sixty students,and most of them study hard.(逗号后为另一个句子,且已经有并列连词and,故用them即可,为并列句)Our class has sixty students.Most of them study hard.(两句之间为句号,代表两个独立的简单句,故不需要连接词)第二十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-28-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.定语从句与状语从句的区别。定语从句前面必有先行词,而状语从句(如时间状语从句和地点状语从句)则是做整个句子的状语

30、,前面没有先行词。Do you know the time when he will come back?(定语从句,前面有先行词time)I will go shopping when he comes back.(时间状语从句,表示主句动作发生的时间,前面没有先行词)Put the book where it belongs.(地点状语从句,指的是“放书”的地点,前面无先行词,因此不能用to which)Put the book in the place where it belongs.(定语从句,前面有先行词place)第二十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-29-高考感悟考

31、点归纳一三二四五七六4.定语从句与强调句的区别。当it is/was后出现表示地点或时间的名词时,其后所接的从句是定语从句还是强调句,要看将it is/was和that(可以先假设)去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分),若句式完整则为强调句。It was Sunday when he came back.(定语从句)It was on Sunday that he came back.(强调句式,强调的是时间状语on Sunday,去掉It was和that后句式完整)第二十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。考点二-30-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,

32、且在定语从句中做主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;做状语时,要用in which 或that或不填任何关系词。The way(that/in which)he finished the task successfully was difficult to understand.(做状语)The way(that/which)he explained to me was not difficult to understand.(做宾语)2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/during which;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用tha

33、t引导,that可以省略。There was a time when we had no TV sets.This is the second time(that)the president has visited our country.第三十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-31-.单句填空1.Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019天津,单项填空)where句意:他们的孩子处在一个只会说个别词语不能说完整句子的阶段。先行词是stage,关系词在定语从句中做地

34、点状语,所以填where。2.We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2019江苏,单项填空)when句意:我们已经进入一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,定语从句结构完整,只缺少状语,根据先行词age可知,此处用when引导定语从句。第三十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-32-3.In a culture people function according to ritual,music is used to help govern people.(2019广东深圳高级中学

35、模拟)where句意:在一种人们按照仪式运作的文化中,音乐被用来帮助统治人们。关系词在定语从句中做地点状语,所以填where。4.I think its helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attractions tourists can leave messages.(2018河北石家庄检测一)where分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,先行词为boards,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故填where。第三十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-33-5.Two of the most interesting people I met

36、 were two elderly sisters,Joan and Bernice,way of talking about people inspired me.(2018安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)whose先行词是Joan and Bernice,关系词在从句中做定语,故填whose。6.Recently,I thought about the benefits reading could bring us.(2017河南郑州高中毕业年级第三次质量预测)that/whichthat/which引导定语从句,在从句中做宾语,该从句修饰the benefits。7.someone once

37、 said,“Art is life.”AsAs引导非限制性定语从句,句意为“正如某人说过的”。故填As。第三十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-34-8.He is a famous architect designs won an international award last year.whose分析句子结构可知,这是一个含有定语从句的复合句,定语从句的引导词在从句中做定语,修饰designs,意为“的”,故填whose。9.This is Mary,is taking over my job when I leave.who先行词是Mary,指人,从句中缺少主语。故填who。10

38、.Summer is the time people enjoy warm weather.when分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为the time,关系词在定语从句中做时间状语,故用关系副词when。第三十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-35-11.Im looking at the photograph you sent me with your letter.that/which先行词是物photograph,且在从句中做宾语,故填which或that。12.The president of the company,I really admire,is visiting

39、 us next week.who/whom先行词为the president,指人,且在从句中做admire的宾语,故应填who或whom。13.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.of whichwhich的先行词是windows,windows在从句中当介词of的宾语,介词后面不能用关系代词that,故填of which。第三十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-36-14.Scientists have searched for a long ti

40、me for a reason so many bees are disappearing.why/for which分析句子结构可知空格后为定语从句。先行词是a reason,关系词在定语从句so many bees are disappearing中做状语,故用why/for which来引导。第三十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-37-.单句改错1.There would be many activities during the English Week,one of them is the English Calligraphy Show.(2019湖北四地七校联考)themw

41、hich或在one前加and关系词在非限制性定语从句中做介词of的宾语,所以把them改为which。也可在one前加and构成并列句。2.We agreed that it would be decided by my dad,whom didnt return home from work.(2019河南中原名校质量考评)whomwho句中的先行词为my dad,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做主语,故用关系词who。第三十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-38-3.My father,a scientist,works to save rarely birds,some of that

42、are really clever and can even say some words.(2019辽宁葫芦岛协作校联考)thatwhich此处为“代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。4.I actually kept the light on in my bedroom the whole night,that finally put me at ease.(2019河南信阳模拟)thatwhich关系词在非限制性定语从句中做主语,所以用which。5.Being afraid of expressing myself was one of the re

43、asons when I rarely did well in school.(2019广东“六校联盟”联考)whenwhy先行词是reason,关系词做原因状语,所以用why。第三十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-39-6.My first step is to set small targets what can be reached realistically.(2017广东广州普通高中毕业班综合测试)whatthat/which该句为含有定语从句的复合句,句中small targets为先行词,关系词在从句中做主语,故用that或which。7.The shelter,where

44、 is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers,has become an attraction itself.(2018河南河北七所名校联考)wherewhich先行词是shelter,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中做主语,故把where改为which。第三十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-40-8.He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of them were published in the 1990s.themwhich句意:他写了很多本儿童读物,其中将近一半是于20

45、世纪90年代出版的。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为books,指物,故把them改为which。9.The results of the experiment proved to be very good,that was more than we expected.thatwhich句意:实验的结果证明很好,这远远超出我们的预期。题干中的逗号前是主句,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,因此要把that改为which。which表示主句造成的结果,代表主句的内容。第四十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-41-10.It is known to

46、 all,the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.(2018湖南师大附中第三次月考)ItAs逗号前为定语从句,所以要用关系词引导;It是指示代词,不能起到连接的作用;又因这个定语从句在先行词前,结合语境可知只能用As,在句首要大写。第四十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-42-.短文改错Hi Eva,Sorry that I havent been in the touch for a while.But I catch a cold last week,and Ive been in bed for four

47、 day.Im feeling better today.Lucky my classes wont start till next week.I have good news.Im going to a conference in you town in May,from 16th to 20th.Could you recommend a hotel where is in the centre of the town?It needs to be somewhere not too expensive because the tight budget.Ill have a freely

48、half day for sightseeing.Do you think you can showed me around?Looking forward to hear from you soon.Chris第四十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-43-第四十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-44-第四十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-45-1.删除thebe in touch为固定搭配,意为“联系”,不用冠词。2.catchcaught根据该句中的last week可知,该处叙述的是过去发生的事,故用一般过去时,应将catch改为caught。3.daydays根据该句中的

49、four可知,后面的名词应用复数。4.LuckyLuckily分析该句结构可知,此处应用副词修饰整个句子做状语。5.youyour根据该句中的名词town可知,应用形容词性物主代词,故用your。6.wherethat/which分析句子结构可知,该句为含有定语从句的复合句,先行词为hotel,在从句中做主语,故用that或which引导定语从句。7.because后加of根据名词短语“the tight budget”可以判断,此处应用固定短语because of,意为“因为,由于”。because后跟句子。第四十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。-46-8.freelyfree根据名词half day可以判断,该词前应用形容词修饰,故用free,意为“自由的,空闲的”。9.showedshow该句中can为情态动词,后面应接动词原形。10.hearhearinglook forward to为固定搭配,意为“盼望”,其中的to为介词,后应接动词-ing形式。第四十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。