初中英语人教版八年级下册全册知识点讲解与单元测试卷Unit3知识点总结及单元测试卷.pdf

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1、人教版英语八年级下册人教版英语八年级下册Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?知识点总结及单元测试卷（附答案）知识点总结及单元测试卷（附答案）【教材内容解析】【教材内容解析】Section ASection A1.1.Peter,Peter,could you pleasecould you please take outtake out the rubbish?(P.17)the rubbish?(P.17)(1)Could you please.?意为“你能吗？”，co

2、uld 在此并不是过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气，please 后接动词原形，肯定回答用 Sure/Of course/Certainly，也可以用.can，不可以用.could；否定回答用 Sorry.并给出理由，也可用.cant/mustnt。-Could you please help me with my homework?-Sure./Of course./Certainly./Sorry,I cant.Im busy now.(2)take out 意为“带出去”，代词作宾语时，要放在 take 和 out 之间。The dog is noisy.Take it out.2.2.C

3、ould ICould I at leastat least finishfinish watching this show?(P.18)watching this show?(P.18)(1)at least 表示“至少”，反义词为 at most“至多”。The ticket cost at least 200 yuan.(2)finish 意为“完成、做好”，后接动词作宾语时，要用 doing 的形式。When are you going to finish your work?3.Yes,because Mom will3.Yes,because Mom willbe backbe b

4、ack from shopping any minute now.(P.18)from shopping any minute now.(P.18)be back 意为“回来”，相当于 come back，前者侧重指状态，后者侧重指动作。She has been back for two days.You came back very late last night.4.4.And she wonAnd she won t be happy if she sees thist be happy if she sees this messmess.(P.18).(P.18)mess 用作名词，表

5、示“杂乱、不整洁”，常用的短语为：make a mess“搞得一团糟”；in a mess“一团糟”。The kids make a mess in the bedroom.All the rooms are in a mess.5.5.The minuteThe minute I sat down in front of the TV I sat down in front of the TV,my mom,my mom came overcame over.(P.19).(P.19)(1)the minute 意为“一就”，用来引导时间状语从句，相当于 the moment 或者 as s

6、oon as。I want to see her the minute she arrives.(2)come over 意为“过来”。Can you come over tomorrow?6.6.You watch TVYou watch TVall the timeall the time and never help out around the house!(P.19)and never help out around the house!(P.19)all the time 意为“反复、总是”，强调某段时间内一直在进行和发生的事情。I have a dog and a cat.The

7、y fight all the time.7.7.I I m justm just as tired asas tired as you are!(P.19)you are!(P.19)当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用 asas 或 not as/soas 结构，表示“和一样”或“和不一样”。如：Mary is as careful as Linda玛丽和琳达一样仔细。He does not run as fast as Tom他跑步没有汤姆快。8.8.For one week,she did not do any housework andFor one wee

8、k,she did not do any housework andneither did Ineither did I.(P.19).(P.19)neither did I 是“Neither/nor+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前者所描述的否定情况同样适用于后者，neither 在此用作副词，表示“也不”。-I dont like this dress.-Neither do I.9.9.My mom came overMy mom came over as soon asas soon as I sat down in front of the TV I sat dow

9、n in front of the TV.(P.19).(P.19)as soon as 引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”，要遵从“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。I will go as soon as she arrives.10.10.Could ICould I hang outhang out with my friends after the movie?(P.20)with my friends after the movie?(P.20)hang out 意为“闲逛、闲荡”。He is hanging out with his friends.11.11.

10、Could you pleaseCould you please pass me the saltpass me the salt?(P.20)?(P.20)pass sb.sth.相当于 pass sth.to sb.“把某物递给某人”。Pass me the book,please.=Pass the book to me please.12.12.Could ICould I borrowborrow that book?(P.20)that book?(P.20)borrow 此处是及物动词，表示“借进来”，反义词是 lend，borrow.from.“从借入”。I often bor

11、row books from the library.You can borrow some money from your elder brother.13.13.Could youCould you lendlend me some money?(P.20)me some money?(P.20)lend 表示“借出去”，与 borrow“借进来”相对，常用的结构为：lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.“把某物借给某人”。He often lends others his car.=He often lend his car to others.14.14.I I ll

12、 finish my homeworkll finish my homework whilewhile you help me with the dishes.(P.20)you help me with the dishes.(P.20)when 和 while 引导时间状语从句均表示“当时候”，when 既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。while 表示时间段，因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词，as 强调两个动作同时发生，表示“一边一边”。When he came in,his mother was cooking.Wh

13、en(While)we were at school,we went to the library every day.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.Tom s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard.Kate listens music as she walks in the park.Section BSection B1.1.Housework isHousework is a waste ofa waste of their

14、 time.(P.22)their time.(P.22)a waste of 意为“浪费”，其中 waste 是名词，意为“浪费”。Playing computer games is a waste of time.2.2.The shouldThe should spendspend their time on schoolwork their time on schoolwork in order toin order to get good grades and get into a get good grades and get into agood university.(P.22

15、)good university.(P.22)(1)spend 的用法 sb.spend+时间/金钱+on sth.“在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱”The man spent the whole day on his speech.The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip.sb.spend+时间+(in)doing sth.“花费多长时间做某事”The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games.【拓展】辨析 spend,pay,take和 costspendpay主语是人主语是人sp

16、end.on sth./spend.(in)doing sth.pay for sth./pay sb.for sth.takecost主语是 it主语是物It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.sth.costs sb.+金钱(2)in order to意为“为了”后面跟动词不定式，作目的状语。in order to可位于句中或者句首，in ordernot to do sth.意为“为了不做某事”。Tom got up early in order to catch the first bus.In order not to make his mother angry,he d

17、ecided to give up playing computer games.3.Also,when they get older,they will have to do housework so3.Also,when they get older,they will have to do housework so there is no need forthere is no need for them themto do it now.(P.22)to do it now.(P.22)there is no need for sb.to do sth.意为“对某人来说没有必要做某事”

18、。There is no need for you to start off so early.4.4.It is the parentsIt is the parents job to job to provideprovide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their a clean and comfortable environment at home for theirchildren.(P.22)children.(P.22)(1)It is+名词+to do sth.表示“做某事是”，其中的 it 为形式主语，后边的

19、动词不定式才是真正的主语。Its my job to look after you.(2)provide 表示“提供”时，常用的结构为：provide sb.with sth.或者 provide sth.for sth.“为某人提供某物”；offer 也表示“提供”，但结构有所不同，常用于“offer sb.sth.或者 offer sth.to sb.”结构中，意为“为某人提供某物”。The government provided a lot of food and clothes for the flooded area.=The government provided the floo

20、ded area with a lot of food and clothes.5.5.AnyAny anywayanyway,I think,I think doing choresdoing chores is not so difficult.(P.22)is not so difficult.(P.22)(1)anyway 用作副词，表示“而且、加之”，也可以表示“即使这样、无论如何”。Its expensive and anyway the size is too small.Anyway,we should have a try.(2)doing chores 是动名词，在句中用作

21、主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Doing morning exercise is good for us.6.6.I think iI think i t is important for children tot is important for children to learn learn how to do choreshow to do chores and help their parents and help their parentswith housework.(P.22)with housework.(P.22)(1)本句结构为“Its+adj.+for sb.+to do s

22、th.”结构，意为“做某事对某人来说”，此结构中的形容词多为描述事物特征的词，如 easy,important,dangerous,necessary等。例如：It is important for you to study hard.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.【拓展】Its+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意为“某人做某事是的”，此结构中的形容词多是 kind,nice,right,wrong,clever,foolish,polite 等描述行为者性格、品质的词。It is very kind of you to le

23、nd me so much money.(2)how to do chores 是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，作 learn 的宾语，动词不定式常与 what,who,how,where,when等特殊疑问词连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。When to start is not decided yet.The questions is what to do next.7.7.Children these daysChildren these days depend ondepend on their parents too much.(P.22)their parents too mu

24、ch.(P.22)depend on/upon 意为“取决于；由决定；依靠”You can accept or refuse the gift.It depends on your personal choice.We shouldnt always depend on our parents.8.8.Doing chores helps to develop childrenDoing chores helps to develop children s s independenceindependence and teaches them how to look and teaches t

25、hem how to lookafter themselves.(P.22)after themselves.(P.22)independence 用作不可数名词，表示“独立、自主”，形容词为 independent，意为“独立的”。He was afraid of losing his independence.9.9.SinceSince theythey livelive inin oneone househouse withwith theirtheir parents,parents,theythey shouldshould knowknow thatthat everyoneev

26、eryoneshouldshould do their part in keepingdo their part in keeping it clean and tidy.(P.22)it clean and tidy.(P.22)(1)since 此处表示“因为、既然”，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。Since you dont know the boy,I will ask someone else.(2)do ones part in(doing)sth.意为“尽自己的职责去做某事”。The president asked every citizen to do his part in

27、saving water.10.10.As a resultAs a result,he often fell ill and his grades dropped.(P.22),he often fell ill and his grades dropped.(P.22)as a result 意为“因此、结果”，在句中作状语；as a result of 表示“由于”，后接名词或者代词，相当于 because of。He got up very late today.As a result,he missed the first bus.He was late as a result of

28、 the heavy rain.11.11.The earlierThe earlier kids learn to be independent,kids learn to be independent,the betterthe better it is for their future.(P.22)it is for their future.(P.22)本句为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越越”。The harder you study,the better grades you can get.The longer the war lasts,the more the

29、 people there will suffer.【重点短语和句型归纳】【重点短语和句型归纳】重点短语重点短语1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚3.go to the movies 去看电影4.get a ride 搭车5.work on 从事6.finish doing sth.完成做某事7.clean and tidy 干净整洁8.do the dishes 洗餐具9.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾10.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服11.sweep the floor 扫地12.make

30、your/the bed 整理床铺13.clean the living room 打扫客厅14.no problem 没问题15.welcome sb.欢迎某人e home fro m school/work 放学/下班回家17.throw down 扔下18.sit down 坐下e over 过来20.take sb.for a walk 带某人去散步21.all the time 频繁；反复22.all day/evening 整日/夜23.do housework 做家务24.shout back 大声回应25.walk away 走开26.share the housework 分

31、担家务27.a comfortable home 一个舒适的家28.in surprise 惊讶地29.get something to drink 拿点喝的东西30.watch one show 观看一个节目31.hang out 闲逛32.pass sb.sth.把某物传给某人33.lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人34.get sth.wet 使某物弄湿35.hate to do sth.讨厌做某事36.do chores 做杂务37.help sb.(to)d o/with sth.帮助某人干某事38.bring a tent 带顶帐篷来39.buy some snacks 买些小

32、吃40.go to the store 去商店41.invite sb.to a party 邀请某人参加聚会42.make sb.do sth.使某人做某事43.enough stress 足够的压力44.a waste of time 浪费时间45.in order to 为了46.get good grades 取得好成绩47.mind doing sth.介意做某事48.depend on 依赖；依靠49.develop childrens independence发展孩子的独立性50.look after/take care of 照顾；照看51.do one s part in(d

33、oing)sth.做某人分内的事重点句型重点句型1.做完某事 finishing doing sth.2.想要某人做某事 want sb.to do sth.3.尽力(不)做某事 try(not)to do sth.4.让某人做某事 let sb.do sth.5.介意做某事 mind doing sth.6.花费做某事 spend in doing sth.7.学会做某事 learn to do sth.8.学会怎样做某事 learn how to do sth.9.越.,就越.the+比较级,the+比较级【语法讲解】【语法讲解】情态动词情态动词 couldcould 的用法的用法情态动词

34、 could 可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：1.表示请求或者允许could 表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈述看法时，回答时用 can。Could I use your cell phone for a while?Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?-Could you come to my birthday party?-Sorry,I cant.I have to stay at home to look after my mother.2.表示建议情态动词 could

35、 表示建议做某事，意为“可以”，语气比 can 更加委婉。You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.【单元测试卷】【单元测试卷】.单项填空（15 分）1.Could you pleaseyour schoolbag?Its too dirty.Sure.A.washedB.washingC.washD.to wash2.Pleaseyour brother when Im on business.My pleasure.A.look atB.look upC.look likeD.look after3.Luc

36、y,do you like playing basketball?No,Iit.A.hateB.needC.forgetD.enjoy4.Could you help me with the math problem?.Im too busy now.A.Yes,pleaseB.No,sureC.Yes,you couldD.Sorry,I cant5.Annameher party last night.A.invited;forB.invited;toC.inviting;toD.inviting;for6.Could you get me some tea?.A.Thats fightB

37、.Youre rightC.Thats all fightD.With pleasure7.Ann,could youthe rubbish?Sure.Im coming.A.come outB.give outC.take outD.go out8.The government provided the homeless peoplefood and clothes.A.inB.withC.ontoD.to9.(2013扬州)How long have you lived in the new flat?2010.A.InB.AfterC.SinceD.Before10.(2013济南)Co

38、uld Iyour iPad,Alice?Of course.Here you are.A.lendB.keepC.borrowD.return11.(2013兰州)Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.I have to clean up my bedroom.A.So am IB.Neither am IC.Neither I amD.So I am12.(2013雅安)Can you finishthese books before 10 oclock?Yes,I can.A.to readB.readC.readsD.reading13.Sh

39、e got up early this morningshe could catch the first bus.A.in order toB:in order thatC.all thatD.whether14.Mans understanding of nature is developing.It never stays at the same level.A.at the fight timeB.for the first timeC.at the same timeD.all the time15.the children have fun,parents can take danc

40、e lessons on the beach.A.AlthoughB.IfC.WhileD.Once.完形填空（15 分）A farmer had some little dogs to sell.As he was putting up an advertisement on the fence of his yard,a1happened to pass by.I want to2one of your dogs,sir.Well,said the farmer,these dogs come from fine parents and cost a lot of3The boy4his

41、head for a moment.Then he reached deep into his5and pulled out somechange.Ive got thirty-nine cents(美分).Is that6to take a look?7,said the farmer.And with that he let out a whistle(口哨),Here,Dolly!Dolly ran out of the doghouse8by four little dogs.The boys eyes danced with joy.As the dogs made their wa

42、y to the fence,the little boy noticed something else moving inside the9Slowly another little dog10:this one much smaller.It was doing its best to11.I want that one,the little boy said.The farmer said,Boy,dont want that dog.He will12beable to run and play with you like the other dogs would.The boy ro

43、lled up(卷起)one leg of his pants and showed a steel(钢)13.Looking back up atthe farmer,he said,You see,sir,I dont14too well myself,and he will need someone who15.1.A.boyB.dogC.farmerD.sonD.feedD.studyD.droppedD.mouthD.simpleD.ThanksD.taughtD.doghouseD.watchedD.look outD.neverD.legD.swimD.succeeds2.A.s

44、ellB.seeC.buyC.workC.knockedC.heartC.necessaryC.SorryC.followedC.advertisementC.appearedC.give upC.oftenC.armC.jumpC.thinks3.A.timeB.money4.A.shookB.covered5.A.pocketB.yard6.A.enoughB.easy7.A.NoB.Sure8.A.sent B.driven9.A.farmB.fence10.A.diedB.shouted11.A.catch upB.go away12.A.sometimesB.always13.A.h

45、andB.back14.A.speakB.run.阅读理解（40 分）15.A.asksB.understandsAGao Defu,10,is a student in a primary school in a small village in Guizhou.He used to go hungry orhave only an ear of com for lunch at noon.But now,Gao and his classmates have better food and vegetabledishes for free every day,thanks to the f

46、ree lunch program.The program was started by Deng Fei,a journalist at the Phoenix Weekly(凤凰周刊).Early this year,Deng met Xiao Yu,a primary school teacher from Guizhou,and was told that students in Xiaos schooldidnt have lunch to eat.Instead,they drank water to lessen their hunger.Deeply shocked,Deng

47、decided to do something for kids in the poor areas.He posted a message on hismicroblog(微博)saying he wanted to build a canteen(食堂)at Xiaos school.The message soon got thesupport and attention(注意)of tens of thousands of people around the country.In March,some 500 reporters,along with a dozen news orga

48、nizations and charity funds(慈善机构),finally set up the free lunch program.Local teachers and foundation workers calculated that one lunch for one child cost 3 yuan.People candonate for a meal,a months worth of meals,or a years worth of meals for children on the Internet by goingto http:/www,mianfeiwuc

49、an,org.According to the China Development Research Foundation(基金会),there are about 23 millionresident students(住宿生)in central and western rural areas.Many of them come from poor families andcant afford nutritious lunches.Now,schools with kids that cant afford lunch can apply for help through thefree

50、 lunch programs official website.In half a year,the program has raised more than 16 million yuan,providing free lunches for poorstudents in 77 schools.1.Gao Defu used tofor lunch at noon.A.have meat and vegetablesC.have only an ear of cornB.have enough foodD.have only waterB.a journalist at the Phoe