2020届广州培正中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案解析.pdf

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1、20202020 届广州培正中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案解析届广州培正中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案解析第一部分第一部分阅读（共两节，满分阅读（共两节，满分4 40 0 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项A AOlder adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症)and othercognitive(认知的)issue

2、s,a new study finds.Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors(ages 65 to 85)dementia risk and cognitive abilities,finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven oreight hours.Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had

3、 lower cognitive functions and other healthissues,but the researchers didnt find the same high dementia risk in this group.The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle,especially as theyget older.As adults age,its common for their sleep patterns to change

4、 or becomedisrupted leading to longer,shorter,or more irregular sleep.This disruption may be linked to Alzheimers and other forms of dementia,impactingseniors ability to remember information,problem-solve,and go through everyday behaviors.Sleep disruption canalso be caused by or heighten depression,

5、cardiovascular disease（冠心病）,and other conditions.A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours,the researchers said.Six or fewer hourscorresponded to short sleep,while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid,a protein in t

6、he brain that is typically found in highlevels when a patient develops Alzheimers.In addition,the researchers used several tests for memory,attention,spatial skills,and executive function to identify patients cognitive abilities.Those patients sleeping for six hours orfewer a night were more likely

7、to develop dementia,the researchers found.The low-sleep patientshad higherlevels of beta amyloid.The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests,whilethose with higher sleep(more hours)performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the br

8、ainsability to switch between different tasks.The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life,Winer told CNN.1.What does the underlined word“disrupted”in paragraph 4 mean?A.difficultB.disorderedC.dissolvedD.different2.According to the findings,which of the following

9、is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?A.It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.B.It may contribute to dementia,cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.C.Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.D It tends to bring all the old people t

10、o undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.3.What can we infer from the study?A.A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.B.Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.C.Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.D.Keeping a healthy sleep for olde

11、r adults late in life is crucial.BA satellite is about to demonstrate a new way of capturing space junk with magnets for the first time.Withthe frequency of space launches dramatically increasing in recent years,the potential for a disastrous collisionabove Earth is continually growing.Now,Japanese

12、orbital clean-up company Astroscale is testing a potentialsolution.The firms End-of-Life Services by Astroscale demonstration mission is scheduled to lift off on 20 Marchaboard a Russian Soyuz rocket.It consists of two spacecraft:a smal“client”satellite and a larger“servicer”satellite,or“chaser”.The

13、 smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic(磁力的)plate which allows the chasertodock withit.The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit,each of which will involve the servicersatellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite.The first test will be the simplest,wit

14、h the clientsatellite drifting a short distance away and then being recaptured.In the second test,the servicer satellite will setthe client satellite tumbling before catching up with it and matching its motion to grab it.Finally,if those two tests go well,the chaser will live up to its name by letti

15、ng the client satellite float a fewhundred metres away before finding it and attaching to it.All of these tests will be performed autonomously,withlittle to no human input once they are set in motion.“These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before in space-they are very different to,say,a

16、nastronaut controlling a robotic arm on the International Space Station,”says Jason Forshaw at AstroscaleUK.“Thisis more of an autonomous mission.”At the end of the tests,both spacecraft will burn up in Earths atmosphere.If companies wanted to use this capability,they would have to attach a magnetic

17、 plate to their satellites sothey could be captured later.Because of the growing space garbage problem,many countries now require firms tohave a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail,so this could be a fairly simple likely plan,Forshaw says.Right now,each chaser can on

18、ly nab one satellite,but Astroscale is working on a version that coulddrag three or four out of orbit at once.4.Which of the following can replace the underlined word dock with in Paragraph 2?A.Deal with.B.Keep up with.C.Join together.D.Crash.5.Why many countries now require firms to have a way to b

19、ring back their satellites?A.Because of the growing space waste problem.B.Because the frequency of space launches are dramatically increasing.C.Because they can earn large profits from it.D.Because Astroscale has found a new method of capturing the space garbage.6.What will Astroscale do to solve th

20、e space junk problem?A.An astronaut controls a robotic arm on the International Space to capture the“client”satellite.B.Through a magnetic plate remotely controlled by humans on the ground to catch the“client”satellite.C.Finding the client satellite and attaching to it with a magnetic plate automati

21、cally.D.Tumbling to match the motion of“client satellite the drag three or four satellites out of its orbit intoatmosphere.7.What can we infer from the passage?A.People will bum the space junk up in Earths atmosphere in the future.B.Japan andRussiawill conduct space debris cleanup experiment togethe

22、r.C.These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before.D.The demonstration mission will be divided into three phases.CDoctors are known to be terrible pilots.They dont listen because they already know it all,I was lucky:Ibecame a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical

23、school.I didnt realize then,butbecoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As 1 flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,Ilearned about crew resource management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means thatcrew members should listen and speak up for a good result,r

24、egardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.Thecontroller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying;I was safety pilot.He wasso busy because of the bad turn,he had forgotten to put

25、the landing gear(起落架)down.He was a betterpilotand my bossso it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in danger.I put aside myuneasiness sand said,we need to put the landing gear down now!That was my first real lesson in the power ofCRM,and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.

26、CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions arefrom the opposite,the doctor doesnt overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when Im in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they

27、re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them,someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.8.What does the author say about doctors in general?A.They like flying by themselves.B.They are quick learners of CRM.C.They pretend to be good pilots.D.They are unwilling to

28、take advice.9.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when.A.his boss landed the plane too lateB.he was in charge of a flying taskC.he saved the plane by speaking upD.his boss operated on a patient10.In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means.A.following flying requiremen

29、tsB.making a mistake that may cost livesC.listening to what fellow doctors sayD.overreacting to different opinions11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying SafeB.A Pilot-Turned DoctorC.The Making of a Good PilotD.Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorDIf yo

30、u easily make mistakes when in a hurry,a new study from Michigan State Universitythe largest of itskind to date-found that meditation(冥想)could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation(OMM)or,meditationthat focuses awareness onfeelings or thoughts as they unfo

31、ld in ones mind and bodyalteredbrain activity in a way that suggestedincreased error recognition.“Peoples interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.”saidJeff Lin,MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author.“But its amazing to me that we wer

32、e able to seehow one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object,commonly your breath,but open monitoringmeditation is a bit different,”Lin said,“It has you tune inward and pay attention to ever

33、ything going on in yourmind and body.The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting toocaught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authorsWilliam Eckerle,Ling Peng and Jason Moserhired more than 200 participantsto test how open monitoring meditation aff

34、ected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants,who had never meditated before,were taken through a 20-minute open monitoringmeditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography(脑电图),orEEG.Then,they completed a computerized distraction(分心)tes

35、t.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level,so we got precise measures ofbrain activityright after mistakes compared to correct responses,”Lin said.“A certain neural signal occurs about half a secondafter an error called the error positivity,which is linked to conscious error reco

36、gnition.We found that the strengthof this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brainsability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,”Moser said.12.What does the underlined word“altered”in par

37、agraph 2 probably mean?A.Changed.B.Prevented.C.Started.D.Recorded.13.Why is open monitoring meditation different?A.It is just aimed at a single object.B.It clears your mind of everything.C.It gets too caught up in the scenery.D.It focuses on where the mind travels.14.What did the researchers do for

38、the studyA.They hired people who had meditated before.B.They measured the participants brain activity.C.They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D.They had non-meditators design a distractiontest.15.What is the best title for the text?A.Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a HurryB.Youre Able to Rec

39、ognize Errors ConsciouslyC.Meditators Brain Proves Much More ActiveD.OMM Can Help You Make Fewer Mistakes第二节（共第二节（共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 1 10 0 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项The word emoji comes from Japanese,literally meaning picture character._16_Theycome indifferent catego

40、ries,such as faces and people,plants and animals,and food and drink.When first introduced inJapanin 1999,emojis were limited to 176 simple designs.Now there are more than3,000 emojis.Due to their popularity,the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015 was a pictographinstead of a traditional wor

41、d.In todays world,emojis have becomemoreandmorepopular._17_Peoplelikethem becausethey add emotional meanings,and are quick and easy to use.With a smiling or sad face added to a message orpost,your reader can see your facial expression while reading your words._18_For instance,if your friend is movin

42、g across the country,you may just send them a string of cryingfaces to express your sadness over your separation._19_A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken WilliamShakespeares popularplays andreplaced some words with textspeak and emojis.The intention of these adaptations is to make the cl

43、assics moreaccessible to young readers.Some people,however,believe that these new versions have taken away the heartand soul of Shakespeares plays.As we can see,emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place.Users of emojis say that they facilitatethe way we communicate and express ourselves.Bu

44、t this makes others,especially educators,worry that we arelosing the ability to communicate properly using the written word,or even the spoken word.After all,how manyof us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call?_20_On that day,emojis will have become a real p

45、ictorial language.But,for now,maybe its best that we just enjoy using them.A.Maybe emojis best days are ahead.B.The most popular emojis are classics.C.The use of emojis has even spread to classical literature.D.Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures.E.It seems that emojis have

46、 clear advantages over written language.F.Emojis are small symbols representing ideas,emotions or feelings.G.Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they cant find the appropriate words.第二部分第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分语言运用（共两节，满分4545 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 2020 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下面短

47、文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项How far would you go to help a friend?Jeremy Savage,aged 17,and Ian Marshall,aged 16,both fromCanada,had their friendship tested to the limit on a recent trip to theRocky Mountainswith their parents.On Saturday morning,the two boys decided to_21_CathedralMountainby

48、 themselves while theirparents relaxed at the_22_.After three hours,they reached the_23_and enjoyed the beautiful viewfrom the mountaintop._24_,trouble began when they started the climb down.On one very dangerous part of the mountain,Ian_25_three metres off the side of the path.Jeremy climbed down t

49、o where Ian was and found him badlyinjured and not able to_26_.Jeremy had to decide what to do.He needed help but he did not want to leavehis friend.He_27_the dirt and blood from Ians face and hands,and then tried to help Ian stand up,but Iansright leg was hurting too much.They had to_28_and hope th

50、at help would come.Meanwhile,as darkness started to fall,their parents back at the campsite became very_29_that theboys had not returned.They got in touch with park workers and began_30_for the boys.Soon more than20 people were looking for them onCathedralMountain.While they waited for_31_,Jeremy ga