人体部位和英语习语 Human Body and English Idioms .pdf

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1、Human Body and English IdiomsHuman Body and English Idioms人体部位和英语习语人体部位和英语习语1.HeadThe head is thought to be the most important part of the human body.So a leaderis often compared to a head(首脑).Thus we have Head of State or the head of adelegation.The head is where the brain is located.It is naturall

2、y associated with ideas andintelligence.Very often,we need other peoples ideas and opinions when we want todo something well.The is because two heads are better than one(三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮).2.EyeThe eyes are extremely precious to us.That is why we say Mind your eye(当心)!when we reminding someone to be carefu

3、l.Not only human beings and animals have eyes,many things also have eyes-theeyes of a ship,the eye of a needle,the eye of a typhoon,and so on.3.EarThe ear is the organ of hearing.A piece of light music is easy on the ear.(悦耳动听).We are usually all ears(专心聆听)for bit news.When they think somebody is ov

4、erhearing,English people use either of the twoproverbs:Walls have ears(隔墙有耳)and Pitchers have ears(壶罐有耳).They alsothink that little pitchers have big ears（小孩子耳朵尖）.Nice boys and girls respectother people.They will not secretly listen to others private conversations.4.NoseThe English phrase face to fa

5、ce(面对面)and its Chinese counterpart（对应）are exactly the same.But English people,to express the same idea,can say nose tonose instead.There is no such substitute in Chinese.The word nose appears in many idioms.Here are two which are quite similar to theirChinese equivalents:lead somebody by the nose(牵着

6、某人的鼻子走)and turn upones nose at somebody or something(对某人或某物嗤之一鼻）.English people can say as plain as the nose in ones face(一清二楚)to mean veryobvious.May be to them,the nose is the most conspicuous part of the face.5.LipWe have two lips:the upper lip and the lower lip.If ones two lips are closed,one ca

7、nnot speak.So it goes without saying that dont open your lips(不要开口)means dont speak.His lips are sealed.Are his lips really stuck together by wax or glue?No,his lips aresealed when asked about something that he must keep secret.Sometimes a top secretis betrayed because it has escaped someones lips(脱

8、口而出).Then the incident maybecome a piece of news that is on everybodys lips(众口相传).6.TongueWe all know we cannot speak without the tongue.So the tongue is closelyrelated to speech.To hold ones tongue(保持沉默)means to keep silent.A personwho has too much tongue(太多嘴)is disliked by all,for he is too talkat

9、ive.Mothertongue is not the tongue of a mother:it is a persons native language.Dont you have a moth below your nose(你鼻子底下不是有张嘴吗)?The Chinesesay so to blame a person who did not say what he should have said.But this not theright way to express the idea in English.English people would say,You have ato

10、ngue in your head,havent you?7.FaceFace has to do with the idea of respect and dignity both in Chinese and English.You lose your face(丢面子)if you fail again and again,but a decisive victory willsave your face(挽回面子)after all your failures.When you feel unhappy,you pull a long face(拉长脸).The idea is con

11、veyed inChinese in the same way.But about face(向后转)does not refer to the face.It is amilitary order to turn round and face in the opposite direction.It is the exactequivalent of about turn.8.ShoulderThe shoulders can bear heavy things.Your father has a great responsibility forthe family on his shoul

12、der.When faced with difficulty,the family should standshoulder to shoulder(肩并肩)to overcome it.You should not turn a cold shoulder(不理睬)to your family members.Nor should you give your friends the cold shoulder(冷落朋友).Both expressions mean treating others coldly.9.BackA good host is hospitable to his gu

13、ests.But,if guest is tiresome,the host is gladto see his back(他离开).If your friend has done something really well,you may give him a pat on the back(轻轻拍背部)to show your appreciation.If you turn your back on somebody(不理睬他人),you mean you do not like makingfriends with that person.10.HeartThe heart is an

14、 extremely important organ inside the chest.It usually stands forsomething important or the centre of something,for example,the heart of the matter(问题的核心)or the heart of mystery.Many other expressions make use of the word heart.A lover can be called a sweetheart(情人).The Purple Heart(紫心徽章)is a medal

15、given as an honor to Americansoldiers wounded in battle.If your friend is in trouble,you may encourage him by saying Dont lose heart(不要灰心).11.StomachThe stomach is naturally related to ones appetite.If you dislike heavy food,youhave no stomach for it(反胃).The word is also related to ones interests or

16、 likings.Ifyou find something boring or vulgar,you have no stomach for it,either.Bad foodturns your stomach.Similarly,your stomach turns at a bad joke.Stomach can also be a verb.Look at this example:How could you stomach(忍受)such rude words?Apparently,stomach here can be replaced by tolerate.12.ArmEv

17、ery person has two arms:the right arm and the left arm.The right arm isusually stronger,so we call a good helper the right arm(得力助手).We all know an arm is not very long.But when you keep someone at arms length(保持距离),the distance is long enough.For that means you don not like that person andyou try y

18、our best to avoid him or her.We should indeed keep the bad friends at armslength.13.HandQuite a number of phrases formed form the word hand are very similar to theirChinese counterparts.Here are some obvious examples:a fresh hand(新手),short ofhands(人手短缺),hand in hand(手拉手)and wash ones hands of someth

19、ing(洗手不干了).But do not always take this for granted.Study these examples and you willunderstand.He lives from hand to mouth(He has just enough money to live on).We gave them abig hand(We gave them lots of applause).14.FingerHow many fingers does each of your hands have?Now lets name them inEnglish fr

20、om the smallest:the little finger,the ring finger,the middle finger,the indexfinger and thumb.Each finger has its own part to play.If your fingers are all thumbs(笨拙),that is toobad.That means you are very clumsy.15.ThumbChinese people turn up their thumbs to express appreciation.English people doso

21、to express not only appreciation but also approval.Chinese people never turn theirthumbs down to mean anything.But English people do.They do so to showdepreciation disapproval.Thus in English you can say,We turn thumbs up(赞成)toJacks suggestion but they turn thumbs down(不赞成)to it.Similarly,you can wa

22、rmly praise someone by saying Thumbs up(真棒)!and showyour dissatisfaction by saying Thumbs down(差劲)!16.NailIf you see two of your classmates fighting tooth and nail(又抓又咬),you muststop them at once.Otherwise,at least one of them would be hurt.Nail also means a thin pointed piece of metal for hammering

23、 into something.But it isrelated to the body in this sentence:Peter is as hard as nails(结实的象铁打的).Weall hope that we are as strong and healthy as he is.Then if I say you have hit the nail on the head(中肯，一针见血),I don not mean thatyou have done something cruel.I mean that you have said exactly the right

24、 thing.17.LegThe word leg appears in many colloquial expressions.At a party,when you feellike dancing,you can say to a good friend of yours,Lets shake a leg.Obviously,itmeans Lets dance.When you want your fiend to hurry,you can also shake a leg.In American English it means hurry.The arms and legs ar

25、e very important to us.Therefore when asked why you are notgoing to buy something expensive,you may answer,It costs an arm and a leg!Youmean that it is really expensive.If you pull ones leg,it means you make fun ofsomeone.18.ToeTo convey the idea from head to foot,English people san say from top to

26、toe.But Chinese people dont.Some people turn their toes out(八字脚)when they walk.Some turn their toes in.When faced with danger,we must be alert and ready for action,that is to say,we mustbe on our toes(保持警惕).19.SkinHuman beings have skin.So have animals and plants.The skin can be think orthin.A think

27、-skinned person,or a person who has a thin skin,is easily upset oroffended while a thick-skinned person,or a person who has a think skin,is quite thecontrary.Both expressions are sometimes derogatory(贬义).That is to say,sometimes the former refers to a person who is too sensitive;the latter a person

28、whohas little sense of shame.20.HairMost people will only think of the hair on our head when the word hair ismentioned.In fact,some animals and plants also have hair.A horrible scene may make a persons hair stand on end(毛骨悚然).But acourageous person will not turn a hair(不畏惧)even though he is in face of danger.Sometimes,a friend of yours may be so angry that he may act foolishly.Then you hadbetter give him this advice:Keep your hair on(别发脾气).(selected from the book The Human Body by Huang Juanhua)