2020届杭州市育才中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案.pdf

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1、20202020 届杭州市育才中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案届杭州市育才中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案第一部分第一部分阅读（共两节，满分阅读（共两节，满分4 40 0 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项A AYou might not expect it,but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change.Cows produce lots

2、of methane by breaking down the grass,Now scientists have shown that the pollution fromcows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago.But thiswork was done in a laboratory,there were many que

3、stions about whether the idea could work in real life.In the lab studies,the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed,and they would cause losing weight.Thatwasnt helpful,since cows are often sold by weight.It also wasnt clear if the seaweed would stop working if it wasused for a longer period of time

4、.Now,scientists from the University of California,Davis have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months.Theytaught the cows to get their foodfrom inside a special hood,which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were givi

5、ng off.This time,they used a much smaller amount of seaweed,which they mixed with the cows food.The results were surprisingly good.In some cases,the cows produced 82%less methane.The improvementdepended on the kind of food the cows were given,but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33%lessmethane

6、.Over the five months,the scientists didnt see any signs that the cows stomachs were getting used to theseaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows.The cows that were fed seaweed gainedjust as much weight as the other cows,but t

7、hey didnt need as much food.But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed.For one thing,theresnotadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world.So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lotsof seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives,cows l

8、ive in fields,where they eat the grass.That meanstheres no chance to feed them seaweed every day.These problems need to be taken seriously if the world isgoing to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still,its true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the

9、 pollutioncausing the climate crisis.1.Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A.To control the amount of seaweed.B.To record the weight cows gained.C.To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D.To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.2.The underlined word“adequate”means _.A.commo

10、nB.specialC.lackingD.enough3.The passage is written to _.A.appeal to people not to raise the cowsB.encourage people to plant the seaweedC.remind people of controlling cows weightD.call on people to take actions to reduce thepollutionBAbout a month after I joined Facebook,I got a call from Lori Goler

11、,a highly regarded senior director ofmarketing at eBay.She made it clear this was a business call.“I want to apply to work with you at Facebook,”shesaid.“Instead of recommending myself,I want to ask you:What is your biggest problem,and how can I solve it?”My jaw hit the floor.I had hired thousands o

12、f people over the previous decade and no one had ever saidanything remotely like that.People usually focus on finding the right role for themselves,with the implication thattheir skills will help the company.Lori put Facebooks needs front and center.It was a killer approach.I responded,“Recruiting i

13、s my biggest problem.And,yes,you can solve it.”Lori never dreamed she would work in recruiting,but she jumped in.She even agreed to trade earnings foracquiring new skills in a new field.Lori did a great job running recruiting and within months was promoted to hercurrent job,leading PeopleFacebook.Th

14、e most common metaphor for careers is a ladder,but this concept no longer applies to most workers.As of2010,the average American had eleven jobs from the ages of eighteen to forty-six alone.Lori often quotes PattieSellers,who came up with a much better metaphor:“Careers are a jungle gym,not a ladder

15、.”As Lori describes it,theres only one way to get to the top of a ladder,but there are many ways to get to thetop of a jungle gym.The jungle gym model benefits everyone,but especially women who might be starting careers,switching careers,getting blocked by external barriers,or reentering the workfor

16、ce after taking time off.Theability to create a unique path with occasional dips,detours(弯路),and even dead ends presents great views ofmany people,not just those at the top.On a ladder,most climbers are stuck staring at the buttof the personabove.4.Why did Lori make the call?A.She helped Facebook to

17、 solve the biggest problem.B.She wanted to make a business deal with Facebook.C.She tried to ask for a pay rise in Facebook.D.She wanted to become an employee in Facebook.5.What impressed“I”by Lori?A.Lori was good at running recruiting.B.Lori attached great importance to Facebooks needs.C.Lori jumpe

18、d in Facebook with no adequate experience.D.Lori was skilled in marketing at eBay.6.What can we infer from the passage?A.Now all people dont tend to climb the ladder.B.None on the ladder can enjoy the great views.C.Jungle gyms offer limited exploration for employees.D.A pregnant woman,jobless,benefi

19、ts little from the jungle gyms.7.What is the best title of the passage?A.Its a Jungle Gym,Not a Ladder.B.Facebooks Biggest Problem.C.Applying for a Job in Facebook.D.A Jungle Gym is Better than a Ladder.CA growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects(缺陷)and a fathers age,

20、alcoholuse and environmental factors,say researchers atGeorgetown University Medical Center.They say these defectsresult from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.The study,published in theAmerican Journal of Stem Cells,suggest both parents contribute to the healthstat

21、us of their offspring a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate,saysthe studys senior investigator,Joanna Kitlinska,PhD,an associate professor in biochemistry,and molecular andcellular biology.“We know the nutritional,hormonal and psychological environment provided

22、 by the mother permanentlyinfluences organ structure,cellular response and gene expression in her offspring,”she says.“But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers his lifestyle,and how old he is,can bereflected in molecules that control gene function,”she says.“In this way,a father ca

23、n affect not only hisimmediate offspring,but future generations as well.”For example,a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal(胎儿的)alcohol spectrum disorder(FASD),even thoughthe mother has never consumed alcohol,Kitlinska says.“Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biologicalfathers who are alcoho

24、lics,suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts theiroffspring.”Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain diseases,and birth defects in his children.A limited diet during a fathers preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardio

25、vascular death in hischildren and grandchildren.Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells,changes in metabolic regulation,diabetes,obesity and development of brain cancer.Psychosocial stress on the father is linked to defectivebehavioral traits in his offspring.And paternal alcohol use leads

26、to decreased newborn birth weight,markedreduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically applicablerecommendations and lifestyle alternations,”Kitlinska says.“And to really understand the epigeneti

27、c influences ofa child,we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects,as opposed to considering each inisolation.”8.Whats the message the writer conveys in the passage?A.Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.B.Fathers age and lifestyle are tied to birt

28、h defects.C.Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.D.Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.9.What can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?A.FASD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.B.A newborn will not contract FASD if his mothe

29、r has never consumed alcohol.C.A fathers lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.D.Most children have biological fathers who are alcoholics.10.Which of the following situations is less likely to lead to childrens birth defects?A.Having a father with a limited diet.B.Having a father who is an a

30、lcoholic.C.Having an overweight father.D.Having a father with psychosocial stress.11.What will the research probably continue to focus on in the part that follows?A.The maternal epigenetic influences of a child.B.The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.C.The clinical application of

31、 the research findings.D.The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.DSix Neanderthals who lived in what is now France were eaten by their fellow Neanderthals some 100,000years ago,according to fearful evidence of the cannibalistic(食人的)event discovered by scientists in a cave in the1990s.N

32、ow,researchersmay have figured out why the Neanderthals,including two children,became victims ofcannibalism:Global warming.While previous studies have examined Neanderthal remains to find proof of cannibalistic behavior,this is thefirst study to offer clues as to what may have led Neanderthals to be

33、come cannibals.Scientists found that rapidchanges in local ecosystems as the planet warmed may have wiped out the animal species that Neanderthals ate,forcing them to look elsewhere to fill their stomachs.The researchers examined a layer of sediment(沉积物)in a cave known as Baume Moula-Guercy,insouthe

34、astern France.In that layer,charcoal(碳)and animal bones were so well-preserved that scientists couldreconstruct an environmental picture representing 120,000 to 130,000 years ago.They discovered that the climatein the area was likely even warmer than it is today,and that the change from a cold,dry c

35、limate to a warmer onehappened quickly.“Maybe within a few generations”,study co-author Emmanuel said.As the animals that oncepopulated the landscape disappeared,some Neanderthals ate what they could find their neighbors.Cannibalism is by no means unique to Neanderthals,and has been practiced by hum

36、ans and their s“from theearly Palaeolithic to theBronze Age and beyond,”the study authors reported.The behavior adopted by thestarving Neanderthals in the Baume Moula-Guercy should therefore not be viewed as“a mark of bestiality(兽性)or sub-humanity”,but as an emergency adaptation to a period of sever

37、e environmental stress,according to thestudy.12.What does the study mainly focus on?A.The social behavior of Neanderthals.B.The reason for cannibalism among Neanderthals.C.The climate change in southeasternFrance.D.The influence of global warming on ancient animals.13.What can possibly be used to de

38、scribe the climate in southeasternFrance120,000 to 130,000 years ago?A.It was no warmer than it is today.B.It was first warm while later cold and dry.C.Its change was mild and went through quite a long process.D.Its change is a chief factor contributing to cannibalism.14.Which of the following might

39、 the study authors agree with?A.Neanderthals cannibalism showed their bestiality.B.Cannibalism was actually a measure the Neanderthals had to adopt to survive.C.Neanderthals cannibalism guaranteed their rule over other tribes.D.Only Neanderthals were found to have cannibalism in human history.15.Whe

40、re can you most possibly find this passage?A.In a science journal.B.In a travel brochure.C.In a history book.D.In a geography book.第二节（共第二节（共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 1 10 0 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项To limit the spread of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19,health experts s

41、ay people should practice socialdistancing._16_According to the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,social distancing involves“avoiding massgatherings”and“maintaining distance”whenever possible.Even standing six feet apart from one another,peoplecan spread the virus through droplets from

42、coughs and sneezes._17_Dr.Susy Hota is an infectious-disease specialist at the University of Toronto,in Canada.“Social distancing is avery general term,”she says.“There are a bunch of different types of measures that can fall underit.”_18_They are also advised to cancel playdates and sports events.“

43、All of these measures are trying toachieve the same thing,”Hota says.Denise Rousseau is a professor at Carnegie Mellon University,in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania.She says socialdistancing is a response to the idea that many people cant stay home all the time,even during a diseaseoutbreak._19_“By keeping

44、space between themselves and others,people can reduce the possibility that thevirus can be spread,”she adds._20_For example,when people are on public transportation or elevators,it is hard to keep a certaindistance from each other.Going to the bank or grocery store can also be hard.In these cases,so

45、cial distancingmeans simply doing the best you can.A.They recommend this practice.B.But what does that really mean?C.Social distancing limits the chances of that.D.People have lives that they need to continue to live.E.If kids dont go to school,they can be protected from the virus.F.For kids,these i

46、nclude learning from home instead of going to school.G.Both Hota and Rousseau know it can be difficult to keep away from others in some situations.第二部分第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分语言运用（共两节，满分4545 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 2020 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项The phone rang,but I

47、 was annoyed to answer it.Seeing the_21_number,I supposed it was theendless_22_to sell me something I had ly no_23_in.“Daddy.”Its Alyce,my 12-year-old daughter.“Mommy was just in a car accident.”My heart_24_andthen began pounding.A deep_25_came,“Im all right,but Mommy.”I sprinted(全速跑)a few blocks to

48、 what looked like a shoot for a_26_movie.Fire engines,police cars,and ambulances were_27_parked in the street;helicopters circled.A bus was on the wrong side of theroad.In front of it were the_28_remains of Susans car.Susan was_29_under the dashboard(仪表盘).It_30_she had broken nearly every bone,and s

49、he spent three months in the_31_.Two years later,we were attending an event in_32_of Martin Luther King when Alyce_33_at awoman,rushed to and returned with her.She told us she lived in the building by where the_34_hadhappened.That night,she rushed to the street,still in her bathrobe and saw Alyce st

50、anding by the wreckedcar,_35_.She approached her,hugged her and took Alyces hand to her chest,saying,“Lets pray together.”Alyces phone was out of_36_inside the car.So the woman lent Alyce her phone.When saying goodbye,we realized we hadnt been formally_37_,so I told her my name wasDouglas.She paused