【教育资料】人教版高中英语选修六 Unit5 The power of nature-语法篇(教师版)学习精品.pdf

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1、教育资源Unit5 The power of nature-语法篇_1.理解非谓语动词的含义和用法；2.能够正确运用非谓语动词进行造句，并做对相关题目。一、定义：非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3 种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。1.不定式的形式：（以动词 write 为例）否定式：not+(to)do（1）一般式：不定式的一般式

2、所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：Im glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.We plan to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be readi

3、ng in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to have met his friend.2.不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：教育资

4、源教育资源It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.常用句式有：1.It+be+名词+to do2.It takes sb.+some time+to do3.It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的 sb.可作其逻辑主语。（2）作表语：Her job is to cle

5、an the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some ad

6、vice on how to learn English.（4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didnt go to the cinema.有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式

7、连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加 to,如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?如果不定式修饰 time,

8、place,way，可以省略介词：He has no place to live.教育资源教育资源This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work.被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语（主谓关系）：He is the first to get here.（6）作状语：表目

9、的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money,every means has been tried.right：To save money,he has tried every means.wrong：To learn English well,a dictionary is needed.right：To learn English well,he needs a dictionary.

10、表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用 only 放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out.表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.表程度：Its too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.（7）不定式的省略：保留to 省略 do 动词。If you dont want to do it,you dont need to.（8）不定式的并列：第二个不定

11、式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.（二）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1.动名词的形式：否定式：not+动名词（1）一般式：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（2）被动式：教育资源教育资源He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film.我们记得看过这部电影。（4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken t

12、o Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（5）否定式：not+动名词I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。2.动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。Co

13、llecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it 作形式主语。Its no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。（2）作表语：In the ant city,the queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。（3）作宾语：They havent finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外

14、，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：We found it no good making fun of others.我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认），deny（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）,be busy,be worth,feel like,cantstand,cant help（情不自禁地）,th

15、ink of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keep from,stop（from）,protectfrom,set about,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like（4）作定语：He cant walk without a walking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？教育资源

16、教育资源（5）作同位语：The cave,his hiding-place is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit,listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。（三）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。1、现在分词的形式：否定式：not+现在分词（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park

17、,singing and talking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。Having done his homework,he played basket-ball.做完作业，他开始打篮球。（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2.现在分

18、词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用 in the yearsthat followed;the man speaking to the teacher

19、可改为 the man who is speaking to the teacher.（2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。（3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。例如：Can you hear her singing the so

20、ng in the next room?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate.他让小汽车在门口等着。（4）现在分词作状语：作时间状语：(While)Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.教育资源教育资源在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。作原因状语：Being a League member,he is always helping others.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.他呆

21、在家里，又擦又洗。作条件状语：(If)Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。作结果状语：He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。作目的状语：He went swimming the other day.几天前他去游泳了。作让步状语：Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。（四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed

22、 构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能：1.过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2.过去分词作表语：The window is broken.窗户破了。They were frig

23、htened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled water（开水）fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货）the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。3.过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见

24、这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词做 with 短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done,they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。教育资源教育资源4.过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Once seen,it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Given more time,Ill be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间

25、，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Though told of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filled with hopes and fears,he entered the cave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。1.(2019江苏南通二模)Carbon dioxide is said _the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.A.to be heatedC.to have heatedB.to be

26、heatingD.to have been heated解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。be said to do 意为“据说”，Carbon dioxide 与 heat 之间是主谓关系，而且heat 这一动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，所以用不定式的进行式。答案：B2.(2019南昌二模)Nuclear radiation is said _the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquakeover the past few months.A.beingC.to have beenB.to be

27、D.that it is解析：考查非谓语动词。“sb./sth.bereported/said/believed/thought etc.to do sth.(It is/wasreported/said/believed/thought etc.that.)”为常用句式，由此可排除A 和 D 选项。且根据题干中的时间状语“over the past few months”可知，空格处应该使用不定式的完成式。答案：C3.(2019安徽江南十校摸底)Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animalspe

28、cies around the world,_some living patterns，scientists say.A.changesC.changingB.changedD.change解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：科学家们说，全球变暖正在影响着数百种的动植物并且改变了它们的一些生活方式。此处changing some living patterns作伴随状语。答案：C4.(2019鹰潭市二模)All the task _ahead of time,they decided to go on holiday for a week.A.had been finishedC.were fini

29、shedB.having been finishedD.having finished解析：考查独立主格结构。句意为：所有的工作都已提前完成，他们决定去度假一周。本题为独立主格结构，task 为 finish 的逻辑主语。句式分析：逗号后面为一完整句子，两句话之间没有任何连词，因此前面不能再为句子，故首先可排除A、C 两项，又因为 task 与 finish 之间为被动关系，因此可排除 D 项。答案：B5.(2019银川一中第四次考试)The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly,_.A.her long hair flowed in the breeze

30、教育资源教育资源B.her long hair was flowing in the breezeC.her long hair flow in the breezeD.her long hair flowing in the breeze解析：考查独立主格。句意为：照片中的女孩在甜蜜地微笑，长发在微风中飘扬。本句的后半句是独立主格结构，hair 与 flow 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选D。答案：D基础演练一、单项填空1.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in

31、 Yushu,_the students to return to their classrooms.A.enablingB.having enabledC.to enableD.to have enabled2.He had a wonderful childhood,_with his mother to all corners of the world.A.travelB.to travelC.traveledD.traveling3.It rained heavily in the south,_serious flooding in several provinces.A.cause

32、dB.having causedC.causingD.to cause4.The lawyer listened with full attention,_to miss any point.A.not tryingB.trying notC.to try notD.not to try5.The lady walked around the shops,_an eye out for bargains.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep6._ her e-mail,I wrote her another one,telling her what I wanted h

33、er to do.A.Having not receivedB.Not having receivedC.Not receivingD.Receiving not7.He sent me an e-mail,_ to get further information.A.hopedB.hopingC.to hopeD.hope8._ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To waitB.Have waitedC.Having waitedD.To hav

34、e waited9.Hearing the bad news,he hurried home,_ the book_ open on the table.A.left;lainB.leaving;lieC.left;lieD.leaving;lying10.I must apologize for_ ahead of time.Thats all right.A.letting you not knowB.not letting you knowC.letting you know notD.letting not you know11._ many times,he finally unde

35、rstood it.A.ToldB.TellingC.Having toldD.Having been told12.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to helpB.the area was searched thoroughlyC.it is looked for everywhereD.she hurried to a policeman for help13._,the children went to the park.A.It was a fine dayB.Being a fine dayC.It being a

36、fine dayD.Because the fine weather14._ anything about the accident,he went to work as usual.A.Not knowB.Not knownC.Knowing notD.Not knowing15.He was busy writing a story,only_ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.教育资源教育资源A.to stopB.stoppingC.to have stoppedD.having stopped答案：1.A2.D3.C4.B5.C6.B7.B8.C

37、9.D10.B11.D12.D13.C14.D15.B巩固提高一、句型转换1.After he had finished his homework,the little boy began to play football._ _ his homework,the little boy began to play football.2.Because they had been warned by their parents,they didnt dare to go out at night._ _ _ by their parents,they didnt dare to go out a

38、t night.3.If it is sunny,well go for a picnic tomorrow._ _ _,well go for a picnic tomorrow.4.If you think it over,you will have a good idea._ _ _,you will have a good idea.5.As I dont know much English,Im afraid I cant express clearly._ _ much English,Im afraid I cant express clearly.答案：1.Havingfini

39、shed2.Havingbeenwarned3.Itbeingsunny4.Thinkingitover5.Notknowing二、用现在分词作状语翻译下列句子1.布朗先生刷过牙,就下楼来吃早饭。_2.我们坐火车访问了很多城市。_3.他的父母双亡,他成了孤儿。_4.男孩大喊着跑开了。_5.从她口音判断,她准是四川人。_答案：1.Having brushed his teeth,Mr.Brown came downstairs for breakfast.2.Travelling by train，we visited a number of cities.3.His parents died，

40、leaving him an orphan.4.The boy ran away，shouting loudly.5.Judging from her accent，she must be from Sichuan.三、短文改错As summer vacation are coming soon,my classmates are trying very hardly to get train tickets to gohome.But I have made up my minds to spend the vacation far from home for first time in m

41、y life.Myparents have agreed to visiting me,and I will have a different vacation.When they came here,I will showthem around my university and the city just as well.I have decided to buy me some nice gifts.It will be abig surprising for them.My parents have done a lot for me,and I think it is high ti

42、me that I did anythingspecial to express my thanks.答案：教育资源教育资源As summer vacationarehardlycoming soon,my classmates are trying veryto get train tickets to goishardmindsto spend the vacation far from home forthefirst time in my life.Mymindhome.But I have made up myparents have agreed tovisitingcameme,

43、and I will have a different vacation.When theyhere,I willvisitcomemeshow them around my university and the city just as well.I have decided to buysome nice gifts.Itthemsurprisingwill be a bigfor them.My parents have done a lot for me,and I think it is high time that I didsurpriseanythingspecial to e

44、xpress my thanks.something1.My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A.for me takingB.me takingC.for me to takeD.me to take2.The teacher asked us _so much noise.A.dont makeB.not makeC.not makingD.not to make3._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having givenB.To

45、 giveC.GivingD.Given4.Mr.Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring5.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.A.when takingB.when takenC.when to takeD.when to be taken6.An army spokesman stressed that a

46、ll the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warning before firing anyshot.A.to issueB.being issuedC.to have issuedD.to be issued7._ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attendB.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The presidents attending8.The man

47、 we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _whether he was going in the rightdirection.A seeingB.having seenC.to have seenD.to see9.The 30th Olympic Games，officially _ as“London 2019 Olympic Games”,will take place fromJuly 27 to August 12.A.knowB.to knowC.knownD.knowing10.Prices began to climb n

48、oticeably last year，_a historical high in November.A.hitB.to hitC.hittingD.being hit11.Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when _ on the Internet by millions ofpeople.A.to readB.readingC.readD.being read12._ the housing price,several measures have been adopted in the last two years.教育

49、资源教育资源A.LoweringB.Having loweredC.To lowerD.To have lowered13.I wish that the elderly would live in comfort without worry or health problems in the years theyhave.A.leftB.leavingC.to leaveD.being left14.Friends are like leaves,_ everywhere,but true friends are like diamonds,precious and rare.A.to fi

50、nd B.findingC.foundD.being found15.Its reported that 289 more trains were added _ passengers on Sunday to meet the needs of those _home for the Spring Festival.A.to take;returningC.taken;to returnB.taking;returningD.take:returned答案：15DDDAB610ADDCC1115CCACA_一、单项选择1.The child is said to have_ gift for