高中英语被动语态讲解及习题.pdf

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1、高中英语被动语态讲解及习题高中英语被动语态讲解及习题被动语态被动语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成被动语态由被动语态由“助动词助动词 bebe及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、构成。人称、数和时态的变化是数和时态的变化是通过通过bebe的变化表现出来的。的变化表现出来的。现以现以 teachteach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：一般现在时：amamis isarearetaughttaught一般过去时：一般过去时：waswaswereweretaughttaught一般将来时：一般将来时：willwillshall bes

2、hall betaughttaught现在进行时：现在进行时：amamis isare beingare beingtaughttaught过去进行时：过去进行时：havehavehas beenhas beentaughttaught现在完成时：现在完成时：havehavehas beenhas beentaughttaught注意：区分被动语态与注意：区分被动语态与“be+“be+过去分词过去分词”结构结构be+be+过去分词过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。有时是系表结构。被动语态被动语态,动作的动作的对象是主语；当对象是主语；当“be“be+过去分词

3、过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，bebe 是连系是连系动词。动词。bebe 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1,1,如果强调动作或句中有介词如果强调动作或句中有介词 byby 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。语态。The glass is broken.(The glass is broken.(系表结构系表结构)The glass was broken by the boy.(The glass was broken by the boy

4、.(被动语态被动语态)2 2，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态The magazine is published in Shanghai.The magazine is published in Shanghai.。(被动语态被动语态)The door is locked.(The door is locked.(系表结构系表结构)The door has already/just been locked.(The door has already/just been locked.(被动语态被动语态)The shop is o

5、pened.(The shop is opened.(系表结构系表结构)The shop is opened at 8 a.m.everyday.(The shop is opened at 8 a.m.everyday.(被动语态被动语态)3 3，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词而系表结构中的系动词 bebe 只有一般时态和完成时态。只有一般时态和完成时态。三、被动语态的用法三、被动语态的用法 1 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some

6、 new computers were stolen last night.Some new computers were stolen last night.This book was published in 1981.This book was published in 1981.2 2 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。This book was written by him.This book was written by him.Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.Eight

7、 hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2 2 把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构(be(be过去分词过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主和数，以及原来主 动语态句子中动词的时态来决定动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 bebe 的形式。的形式。3 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词 byby 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。之后作宾语，将主格

8、改为宾格。All the people laughed at him.=He was laughed at by all people.All the people laughed at him.=He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.=The bikes are made They make the bikes in the factory.=The bikes are madein the factory.in the factory.五、含有情态动词的被动语态五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态

9、动词的主动句变成被动句时，由含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词情态动词bebe过去分词过去分词”构成，原构成，原来带来带 toto 的情态动词变成被动语态后的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”“to”仍要保留。仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.=This watch can be repaired in two days.We can repair this watch in two days.=This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away.=It ou

10、ght to be taken away.You ought to take it away.=It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once.=It should be done at once They should do it at once.=It should be done at oncebyby them them一选择填空一选择填空1.In some countries,tea _ with milk and sugar.1.In some countries,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is

11、servingA.is servingB.is servedB.is servedC.servesC.servesD.servedD.served2.Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980.2.Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980.A.have been taken placeA.have been taken placeB.took placeB.took placeC.have taken placeC.have taken placeD.were taken placeD.were taken pl

12、ace3.The new type of car is going to _ in three years.3.The new type of car is going to _ in three years.A.turn outA.turn outB.be turned outB.be turned outC.has turned outC.has turned outD.have been turned outD.have been turned out4.The woman murdered her friend and _ to _.4.The woman murdered her f

13、riend and _ to _.A.was sentenced,deathA.was sentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,dieD.sentenced,die5.5.Do you like the skirt?Do you like the skirt?It _ soft.It _ soft.A.is feelingA.is feelingB.feltB.feltC.feelsC.feelsD.is feltD.is felt6.Are you

14、 still here?You were here an hour ago.Who _ for?6.Are you still here?You were here an hour ago.Who _ for?A.are you waitingA.are you waitingB.did you waitB.did you waitC.were you waitingC.were you waitingD.do you waitD.do you wait7._ to know Professor Zhang.7._ to know Professor Zhang.A.A.HeHe saidsa

15、idB.B.I I saidsaidC.C.HeHe is is saidsaidD.D.It Itsayssays8.8.I want to sit at the table near the window.I want to sit at the table near the window.Sorry,_ already.Sorry,_ already.A.it tookA.it tookB.it takesB.it takesC.it is takingC.it is takingD.it has been takenD.it has been taken9.The letter _ t

16、hree days ago and it _ yesterday.9.The letter _ three days ago and it _ yesterday.A.had post,had arrivedA.had post,had arrivedB.was posted,arrivedB.was posted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.had been posted,was arrivedD.had been posted,was arrived10.He told me that the final examination _ n

17、ext Thursday.10.He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday.A.A.is is givengivenB.B.willwill bebe givengivenC.C.wouldwould havehave givengivenD.D.wouldwould bebegivengiven三三.Correct these sentences.(.Correct these sentences.(改正下列句子改正下列句子)1.This house built 100 years ago.1.This house built

18、100 years ago.2.Football plays in most countries of the world._2.Football plays in most countries of the world._3.Why did the letter send to the wrong address?_3.Why did the letter send to the wrong address?_4.A garage is a place where cars repair._4.A garage is a place where cars repair._5.Where ar

19、e you born?_5.Where are you born?_6.How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?_6.How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?_7.Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen._7.Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen._8.When was invented the bicycle?_8.When was invented the bicyc

20、le?_四四.填空填空(完成被动语态填空完成被动语态填空)1.They often clean their classroom after school.(1.They often clean their classroom after school.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)Their classroom _often _Their classroom _often _by them after school.by them after school.2.Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week.(2.Li Lei gave Tom a new pen las

21、t week.(同上同上)A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week.A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week.3.A lot of people in China can speak English now.(3.A lot of people in China can speak English now.(同上同上)English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now.English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now.4.I have learned English for a

22、bout two years.(4.I have learned English for about two years.(同上同上)English _ _ _ for about two years.English _ _ _ for about two years.5.They will publish these story-books next month.(5.They will publish these story-books next month.(同上同上)These story-books _ _ _ next month.These story-books _ _ _ n

23、ext month.1.1.WhatWhatwewesaysayhereherewillwillnotnotbebelonglongremembered.remembered.我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。2.We both believe that through vigilance2.We both believe that through vigilanceand strength,in your words,a war can beand strength,in your words,a war can bepostponed,and

24、in our words,war can bepostponed,and in our words,war can beavoided.avoided.我们都认为，我们都认为，有了警惕和实力，有了警惕和实力，用你们的话来用你们的话来说，可以推迟战争；用我们的话来说，可以避说，可以推迟战争；用我们的话来说，可以避免战争。免战争。3 3，We We areare broughtbrought freedomfreedom andand happinesshappiness bybysocialism.socialism.社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。4,.4,.P

25、roductsProductsofofthethefactoryfactoryarearewellwellreceived by the wide customers.received by the wide customers.该厂的产品受到广大顾客的欢迎。该厂的产品受到广大顾客的欢迎。5.He was dismissed for being too lazy.5.He was dismissed for being too lazy.他太懒了，结果给他太懒了，结果给/被开除了。被开除了。6.6.TheThe lecturelecture isis consideredconsidered

26、veryvery importantimportantfor beginners.for beginners.大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。7.The new building having been installed,7.The new building having been installed,my work there was done.my work there was done.新的房子建好后，我的任务也就完成了。新的房子建好后，我的任务也就完成了。8 8，In other words mineral substances whichIn

27、 other words mineral substances whichareare foundfound onon earthearth mustmust bebe extractedextracted bybydigging,digging,boringboringholes,holes,artificialartificialexplosions,explosions,oror similarsimilar operationsoperationswhichwhichmake them available to us.make them available to us.换言之换言之,矿

28、物就是存在于地球上矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖但须经过挖掘、掘、钻孔、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。9.9.NuclearNuclear powerpowers s dangerdanger toto health,health,safety,safety,and even life itself can be summed up inand even life itself can be summed up inone word:radiation.one word:radiation.核能对健康、安全核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的甚至

29、对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词辐射来概括。危险可以用一个词辐射来概括。10.10.ItItcouldcouldbebearguedarguedthatthatthetheradioradioperformsperformsthisthisserviceserviceasaswell,well,butbutonontelevision everything istelevision everything ismuch more living,much more real.much more living,much more real.可能有人会指出可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到无线电广

30、播同样也能做到这一点这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。真实得多。倒装句练习倒装句练习翻译翻译1.1.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会,而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。2.2.我从没对别人的帮助感到如此感激过。我从没对别人的帮助感到如此感激过。3.3.尽管我是位学生尽管我是位学生,我积累了大量的经验。我积累了大量的经验。4 4，只有当政府与公民携手，只有当政府与公民携手,我们才希望能保护好我们的环境。我们才希望能保护好我们的环境。5.5.我当时要是你我当时要是你,我会控制好情绪我会控制好情绪,

31、学会倾听。学会倾听。6.6.这场舞会将会异常精彩这场舞会将会异常精彩,我希望你不要错过。我希望你不要错过。7.7.我一到家就开始怀念我在美国的生活。我一到家就开始怀念我在美国的生活。8.8.【书信】直到我参加工作【书信】直到我参加工作,我才意识到高中应该多练习口语。我才意识到高中应该多练习口语。选择选择1._ and caught the mouse.1._ and caught the mouse.A.Up the cat jumped B.The cat up jumpedA.Up the cat jumped B.The cat up jumped C.Up jumped the cat D.Jumped up the cat C.Up jumped the cat D.Jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began.2._ and the lesson began.