2019高中英语 Unit 8 Adventure Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)( Lesson 2.doc

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1、1SectionSection LanguageLanguage Points()(Points()( LessonLesson 2 2 & & LessonLesson 3)3)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1 1We would experience extreme(极度的) weather if the glaciers in the Poles melted.2 2Its here that the rivers flow(流淌) down into the ocean.3 3Im worried about him.He hasnt yet und

2、erstood that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.4 4After the police looked at the picture，he was amazed(吃惊的) to find that the big cat turned out to be a puma.5 5No nation，however large or small，wealthy or poor，can escape the impact of climate change.6 6After years of goods(货物) getting cheape

3、r，consumers may have to start getting used to everyday higher prices.7 7The more we find out about the universe，the more confused we seem to become.8 8He is the author of three books on art.9 9It strikes me that what they lack in quantity(数量)，they make up in quality.1010Young people enjoy ball games

4、，while older people like jogging and mountainclimbing.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1 1similar adj.相似的；类似的similarity n相似性，类似性2 2excite vt.使兴奋；使激动excited adj.兴奋的；感到激动的exciting adj.令人兴奋的；使人激动的excitement n兴奋，激动3 3vary vi.改变；变化various adj.不同的，各种各样的variety n种类；多样化4 4equip vt.装备；具备equipment n配备，设备5 5prefer vt.宁可；较喜

5、欢preference n较喜欢的东西，偏爱6 6amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)amazed adj.吃惊的；惊愕的amazing adj.令人惊异的amazement n惊讶；惊异7 7confuse vt.使困惑confused adj.迷惑的；混乱的confusing adj.使人困惑的；令人费解的confusion n混淆；混乱.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语21 1in order to 目的是，以便2 2upside down 颠倒地，倒置地3 3turn up 出现，到场4 4in turn 轮流5 5get across 使理解(某事)6 6break out 发生；爆发7 7

6、stand by 袖手旁观8 8back out 决定不履行(允诺的事)9 9put.into prison 把关进监狱1010do trade with 与做生意.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1 1There has not been much publicity about this activity，therefore few people turned up in the hall yesterday.2 2Even when it rains the sloth(树懒) hangs upside down in the tree.3 3I had created a way t

7、o get my message across by using as few words as possible.4 4He has decided not to play football in order to focus on his schoolwork.5 5He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.寻规律、巧记忆v.encen.v.out复合短语difference 差异；不同；争执existence 存在，实在 presence 存在；出席stand out 引人注目；杰出，出色tur

8、n out 关掉(收音机等)；生产，制造；驱逐wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭.经典句式仿写1.1. When I turned up for my first jump I was soso nervousnervous thatthat I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.当我第一次出现在蹦极现场时，我很紧张，企图退出，但是我的朋友说服我跳了下去。记句式结构so.that.如此以至于仿写促落实当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。When the football fa

9、ns saw Beckham，they got so excited that they cried out2.2. But it isis worthworth waitingwaiting for.但这是很值得等待的。记句式结构be worth doing.值得做3仿写促落实他决定去瞧瞧那座房子，看是否值得买下。Hes decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying3.3. Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought

10、that Marcos stories about China were tootoo fantasticfantastic toto be true.尽管很多人喜欢读他的书，但他们认为马可关于中国的故事太离奇而不可信。记句式结构too.to.太而不能仿写促落实冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。The ice is too thin to bear your weight核 心 要 点 探 究inin orderorder toto 目的是，以便(教材 P24)People do extreme sports inin orderorder toto feel excited.人们做极限运动是为了感到

11、兴奋。(1)in order to 和 so as to 跟动词原形，此时不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。一般情况下，so as to 结构不放在句首。(2)so that 和 in order that 常与情态动词 can，could，may，might，will，would 连用，引导目的状语从句。so that 和 in order that 引导目的状语从句时，如果主句主语与从句主语一致，也可以换成 so as to do/in order to do 或 to do。so that 还可引导结果状语从句，写法上可以是 so.that.，表“如此以致” 。Im making

12、a note of it inin orderorder notnot toto forget it.为了记住，我正在把它记下来。He lit a cigarette so as to calm(calm) his mind.他点燃一支香烟，镇定一下情绪。We shall make you know the details in order that you can make your arrangements.我们会让你知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。similaritysimilarity n n相似性；类似性(教材 P24)Snowboarding has similaritiessim

13、ilarities with surfing.单板滑雪和冲浪运动有相似性。(1)A be similar to BA 与 B 相似A be the same as B A 与 B 相同A be different from B A 与 B 不同(2)similarity between. 之间的相似处similarity in 在某方面相似之处The two boys look very similarsimilar.4这两个男孩看上去很相似。My problems are very similar to yours.我的问题和你的差不多。turnturn upup 出现；到场；开大；调高音量

14、(教材 P25)When I turnedturned upup for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.我第一次出现在蹦极现场时，我很紧张，企图退出，但我的朋友说服我跳了下去。turn around/round 转身turn down 调小；拒绝turn out 证明是；结果是turn to 转向；求助于，查阅turn over 翻转；移交turn on/off 打开/关闭(开关)turn in 上交turn in

15、to 变成I thanked him for the offer but turnedturned itit downdown.我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.她原来是我姐姐的朋友。语境助记 She turnedturned overover and went to sleep again.Then her mother turnedturned roundround to turnturn downdown the TV.getget acrossacross(使)理解(某事)(教材 P25)Its

16、 difficult to getget acrossacross how exciting it is!很难理解这会有多刺激！get about 四处走动get around 传播get through 接通电话；通过(考试)get off 下车get along with 相处，进展get down to(doing) 开始认真做get in 收获，抵达get over 克服How are you gettinggetting alongalong withwith your spoken report?5你的口头报告准备得怎么样了？News soon got around that he

17、 had resigned.他辞职的消息很快传开了。I tried to telephone you but couldnt get through我设法给你打电话，但打不通。名师点津 get across 作“被理解”讲时，无被动形式。(教材 P26)MarcoMarco，inin turnturn，waswas amazedamazed byby howhow beautifulbeautiful andand powerfulpowerful ChinaChina was.was.马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。(1 1)inin turnturn 轮流，依次；反过来take tu

18、rns to do sth./(at)doing sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事take ones turn 依次，轮到某人by turns 轮流，依次Its your turn to recite(recite) the passage.轮到你背诵这篇课文了。We take turns to make(make) dinner.We make dinner by turns.我们轮流做饭。名师点津 (1)in turn 表示“轮流；反过来” ，而 in return (for)则表示“作为(对)回报” 。(2)by turns 和 take

19、 turns 中的 turn 用复数形式。(2)amazeamaze vt.vt.使惊愕(惊奇)(1)amazing adj.令人惊异的(2)amazed adj. 感到惊奇的(3)amazement n. 惊奇；惊诧to ones amazement 令某人惊奇的是in amazementwith amazement 惊讶地It was one of the most amazingamazing films Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最精彩的电影之一。I was amazed(amaze) at his speed of working.他办事之麻利让我深感叹服。I was

20、expressing some amazement(amaze) and wonder at her good fortune.我对她的好运既惊奇又感叹。语境助记 6ToTo mymy amazementamazement，they seemed amazedamazed at the amazingamazing news，and looked at me inin amazementamazement.confuseconfuse vt.vt.使困惑(教材 P26)He was also confusedconfused by the black stones people used to

21、 burn for fuel.他也对人们用黑色的石头作燃料感到困惑。confuse A with/and B把 A 和 B 相混淆confused adj. 困惑的，不解的be confused by. 对感到困惑confusing adj. 令人困惑的confusion n. 困惑，不解in confusion 困惑地，迷茫地Its wrong to confuseconfuse wealth withwith happiness.把财富和幸福混为一谈是错误的。The instructions on the box are very confusing(confuse)盒子上的说明让人不解。

22、I am still confused about the reason why they did so.我还是对他们为什么这样做感到迷惑不解。语境助记 The confusingconfusing question made him confusedconfused and he looked at me inin confusionconfusion.breakbreak outout (坏事)突然发生；爆发(教材 P26)Not long after his return，a local war brokebroke outout near his town.他返回之后不久，一场区域性的

23、战争在他家乡附近爆发了。break in强行闯入；打断break up 破碎；解散；分手break down 出故障；垮掉break through 突破；冲破Your health will break down if you work too hard.太劳累的话，你的身体会垮的。He broke in with some ideas of his own.他插嘴讲了自己的一些想法。(教材 P26)AlthoughAlthough peoplepeople enjoyedenjoyed readingreading hishis bookbook，manymany ofof themthe

24、m thoughtthought thatthat MarcosMarcos storiesstories aboutabout ChinaChina werewere tootoo fantasticfantastic toto bebe true.true.虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。7【要点提炼】 句中的 too fantastic to be true 是 too.to.结构，表示“太而不能” 。(1)cant/can never.too.意为“再也不过分” 。(2)too.to.结构常可转换为“soadj./adv.thatclause”结构。(3)在

25、 too.to.结构中，若用 ready，anxious，eager，glad，willing 等形容词，则该结构不表否定意义。You cant be tootoo carefulcareful toto cross the street.过马路时你一定要非常小心。He is too old to do that work.He is so old that he cant do that work.他年龄太大了，做不了那项工作。Im too glad to see(see) you again.再次见到你我很高兴。quantityquantity n n数量；量(教材 P27)He went

26、 to a city where iron was produced in huge quantitiesquantities.他来到一个大量生产钢铁的城市。quantity and quality 数量和质量a large/small quantity of 大/少量的quantities of 大量，许多的in quantity/quantities 大量地，很多A A large/vastlarge/vast quantityquantity ofof beer was sold.售出了大量的啤酒。Quantities of food were(be) spread out on the

27、 table.许多食品被摊放在桌子上。名师点津 quantity 的单复数“a quantity ofn.”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与 of 后面的名词在数上保持一致。而(large) quantities of 修饰的无论是可数(单数或复数)还是不可数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。riskrisk vt.vt.冒的危险 n n危险(教材 P116)What makes people riskrisk their lives to do them？是什么让人们冒着生命危险去从事这些活动呢？(1)risk doing. 冒险做8risk ones health/life 以健

28、康做赌注/冒着生命危险(2)at risk(in danger) 处于危险中at the risk of(doing). 可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)的危险at all risks 无论如何run/take a risk/risks 冒险run/take the risk of(doing). 冒(做)的危险Which team is more willing to taketake risks?risks?哪一队更愿意冒险？He got wellprepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk losing(lose) such a goo

29、d chance.他对面试做了充分的准备，因为他不想冒失去这一次好机会的危险。He was determined to do it even at the risk of being laughed(laugh) at.他决定即使冒着被人嘲笑的危险也要做。variousvarious adj.adj.各种各样的(教材 P116)You can find all these in the variousvarious extreme sports.你可以在各种各样的极限运动中找到所有这些(1)variety n 种类，多样性a variety ofvarieties of 种种的；各种各样的(2

30、)vary v. 不同；改变vary from.to. 由到不等vary with 随变化vary in 在方面变化The young boy has a a varietyvariety ofof hobbies，such as listening to classical music and painting.那个小男孩有各种各样的爱好，诸如听古典音乐和绘画。Demands for certain products vary with the season.对某些产品的需求随季节的变化而变化。The weather varied from very cold to quite mild.天

31、气变化很大，会从很冷变得相当暖和。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1 1I dont know where are my glasses，without which I can not read anything.2 2In China many parents often make sacrifices (牺牲) for their boys or 9girls，which in turn increases their dependence.3 3The foreigners are amazed(amaze) by the achievements that the Chinese

32、have made recently in socialist construction.4 4A large quantity of goods was burnt(burn) in the fire.5 5The May Fourth Movement against imperialism and feudalism broke out in Beijing in 1919.6 6We firmly stand by the fundamental principles of MarxismLeninism.7 7Hardly could he get through this larg

33、e amount of work in such a short time.8 8Our bodies are strengthened by workout.Similarly(similarity)，our minds are developed by learning.9 9Parents should not show preference(prefer) for any one of their children.1010A great variety(vary)of flowers were shown in the park.单句改错1 1I borrowed the book

34、Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，that my classmates recommended to me.thatwhich 2 2A quantity of food were on the table.werewas3 3The fighting was broke out about two hours after sundown.去掉 was4 4At first he had a confusing look on his face.confusingconfused5 5The two brothers take turn lo

35、oking after their father.turnturns.完成句子1 1他太年轻，不能到美国去深造。He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study.2 2你班是否有母亲是医生的同学？Is there anyone in your class whose mother is a doctor?3 3他们在攻读英语，以便能阅读莎士比亚原著。They are studying English in order to read Shakespeare in the original.4 4他的公司破产时，他就有失去房子的危险

36、。He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt.5 5通胀和真实增长率的差距每年都不同。10The division between inflation and real growth would vary from year to year.语 法 专 项 突 破定语从句()先观察原句后自主感悟He travelled across Europe and Asia with his father，whowho wanted to do trade with the Chinese.There were inventions

37、 and developments in China whichwhich were not available in Europe at that time.Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner whowho enjoyed listening to his stories about China.The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World，whichwhich became one of the bestselli

38、ng books in Europe.以上四句均含有定语从句，引导词分别为who；which；who；which。其中句的引导词前有逗号将主句和从句隔开，这种定语从句称为非限制性定语从句。句的主句和从句无逗号隔开，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句。 精要点拨精要点拨 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述1 1限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢

39、失的项链。2 2非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。He has two sisters，who are working in the city.他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。即时训练 1 单句语法填空1 1The man who youre talking to is my friend.2 2I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree.3 3The engineer，whose leg was ba

40、dly hurt，was quickly sent to hospital.二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1 1标点的运用有所不同限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?11站在树下的那个女孩是谁？He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。2 2从句的作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词

41、起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，

42、这真是件令人惊奇的事情。3 3关系词的选用不同限制性定语从句可以用关系代词 who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why 等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用 that 或 why 来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan.(which 不可换用 that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。He didnt give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting

43、 held last week.(which 不可换用 why，因为 which 在定语从句中作主语，而 why 只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达：He didnt give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.4 4从句所修饰的先行词有所不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。He won the

44、first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。5 5关系词的省略不同在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。I still remember the days we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we 前省略了 that/which)12She is not the one(that) she used to b

45、e.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that 在定语从句中作表语)6 6英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就

46、等等他。即时训练 2 单句语法填空1 1I didnt find the desk whose leg was broken.2 2The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.3 3She is the right girl who/whom/that/不填 we are looking for.三、asas 和 whichwhich 引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，

47、know，expect，remember，guess，hope 等句意上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间

48、去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的决定。即时训练 3 单句语法填空1 1My hometown is no longer the same as it was.2 2Our team lost the game，as/which was reported in the newspaper.3 3As we all know，paper was first made in China.13 应用落实应用落实 .单句语法填空1 1This is all that I know about the matter.2 2The day will come when people all over the world win independence.3 3The factory where/in which his father worked was destroyed in the