上海中考英语60种必考句型.pdf

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1、中考英语必考的中考英语必考的 6060 个句型个句型1.1.asasasas 和和一样一样中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如：This classroom is as big as that one.这间教室和那间一样大。He runs as fast as Tom.他和汤姆跑的一样快。否定结构：not as/soas,“not as/soas,“不如不如”。上面的两个句子可分别改为：This classroom is not as/so large as that one.这间教室不如那间大。He doesnt run as/so fa st as Tom.他跑得不如汤姆快。2.as soon

2、 as2.as soon as一一就就用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。例如：Ill tell him the plan as soon as I see him.我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。Hell go home as soon as he finishes his work.他一完成工作就回家。3.be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish/practise/admit/deny doing sth.3.be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish/practise/admit/deny doing sth.忙于忙于/喜欢

3、喜欢/讨厌讨厌/继续继续/完成完成/练习练习/承认承认/否认做某事否认做某事在 enjoy,finish,hate,go on,be busy等词语后，一般用动词-ing 形式作宾语。例如：Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.林涛正忙着做飞机模型。My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。I hate watching Channel Five.我讨厌看五频道。When someone asked him to have a rest,he just went on working.当有人

4、让他休息一会儿时，他仍继续工作。I have finished writing the story.我已经写完了故事。4.fillwith4.fillwith用用装满装满.；be filled withbe filled with充满了充满了；be full ofbe full of充满了充满了.be filled with说明由外界事物造成的此种状态，表示被动。例如：The box is filled with food.盒子里装满了食物。be full of 说明主语处于的状态。此外，还可表示程度，意为“非常”。例如：The patients room is full of flowers

5、.那个病人的房间摆满了花。The young man is full of pride.那个年轻人非常骄傲。这两种结构还可以相互改写。例如：I fill the box with food.The box is full of food.5.be good/bad for5.be good/bad for有利于有利于/有害于有害于 此句型是：be+adj.+for+n.结构。例如：Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你的健康有益。Always playing computer games is bad for your stu

6、dy.总玩电脑游戏对你学习不利。6.be used to(doing)sth.6.be used to(doing)sth.习惯于习惯于 后必须接名词或动名词，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。be 可用 get,become来代替。例如：He is used to the life in the country.(He is used to living in the country.)他习惯于乡村生活。He will get used to getting up early.他将会习惯于早起。注意注意：be used to do的意思是“被用来做”。例如：Wood is used to m

7、ake paper.木材被用来造纸。7.bothand7.bothand 两者都两者都 用来连接两个并列成分;当连接两个并列主语时，其后谓语动词用复数。例如：Both the students and the teachers will go to the History Museum tomorrow.不论老师还是学生明天都会去历史博物馆。8.cant help doing sth.8.cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事禁不住做某事help 在此的意思是“抑制,忍住”，其后接动词-ing 形式。例如：His joke is too funny.We cant help la

8、ughing.他的笑话太有趣了，我们禁不止笑了起来。9.sth.costs sb.some money9.sth.costs sb.some money某物花费某人多少钱某物花费某人多少钱此句型的 主语是物主语是物。cost 一词带的是双宾语，它的过去式、过去分词和原型一样。This book cost me five yuan.这本书花了我五元钱。10.eitheror10.eitheror不是不是就是就是,或者或者或者或者用来连接两个并列成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。You may either stay here or go home.你可以呆在这儿，也可以回家。

9、Either she or I am right.=Either I or she is right.不是她对就是我对。11.enough(for sb.)to do sth.11.enough(for sb.)to do sth.足够足够做做在此结构中,for 用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：The ice isnt thick enough for you to walk on.冰还没有厚到你可以在上面走。12.feel like doing sth.12.feel like doing sth.想要做想要做 此处 like 为介词，后面跟动词-ing 形式。此句型与 would like

10、 to do sth.同义。例如：I feel like drinking a cup of milk.我想喝一杯牛奶。13.make/feel/find/think13.make/feel/find/thinkit adj./n.to do sth.it adj./n.to do sth.认为某事认为某事 在此结构中 it 为形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如：I find it very interesting to play football.我发现踢足球很有趣。She thinks it her duty to help us.她认为帮助我们是她的职责。14.get ready f

11、or sth./to do sth.14.get ready for sth./to do sth.get ready for sth.意为“为某事做准备”；get ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”例如：We are getting ready for the meeting.我们正在为会议做准备。They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.他们那时正准备开运动会。15.get/receive/have a letter from15.get/receive/have a letter from收到

12、收到的来信，相当于的来信，相当于 hear fromhear fromDid you receive a letter from John?你收到约翰的来信了吗?I got a letter from my brother yesterday.我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。16.had better(not)do sth.16.had better(not)do sth.最好最好(别别)做某事做某事had better 为情态动词，其后需用动词原形。had better 常用缩写，变成 d better，其否定形式是在其后直接加not。例如：We had better go now.=Wed

13、better go now.我们最好现在走吧。Youd better not go out because it is windy.今天刮风，你最好别出去了。17.have sth.done17.have sth.done使使(某事某事)完成完成(动作由别人完成动作由别人完成)sth.为宾语，done 为过去分词作补语。例如：We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。注意区分：We have repaired the machine.我们(自己)已经修好了机器。18.help sb.(to)do sth./with sth.18.help sb.(to)do

14、 sth./with sth.帮助某人帮助某人(做做)某事，其中的某事，其中的 toto 可以省略。例如：可以省略。例如：I often help my mother with housework.我常常帮助妈妈做家务。Would you please help me(to)look up these words?请你帮助我查查这些词好吗?19.How do you like19.How do you like?你认为你认为 怎么样怎么样?与与 what do you think of?what do you think of?同义。同义。How do you like the weather

15、 in Beijing?=What do you think of the weather in Beijing?你认为北京的天气怎么样?20.I dont think/believe that20.I dont think/believe that 我认我我认我/相信相信不不其中的 not 是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定(否定前移否定前移)。that可省略。例如：I dont think it will rain.我认为天不会下雨。反意疑问句：I dont think it will rain,will it?He does nt believe the girl will come.

16、他相信那女孩不会来了。21.It happens that21.It happens that 碰巧碰巧 相当于相当于 happen to dohappen to do，例如：，例如：It happened that I heard their secret.可改写为：I happened to hear their secret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。22.Its/has been+22.Its/has been+一段时间一段时间+since+since 从句从句自从某时起做某件事情已经一段时间了自从某时起做某件事情已经一段时间了该句型中 since 引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如

17、：Its twenty years since he came here.他来这里已经 20 年了。It has been six years since he married Mary.他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。23.It is+adj./n.+for sb.to do sth.23.It is+adj./n.+for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说做某事对某人来说 It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do sth。例如：Its not easy for us to study English well.对我们来说学好英语并不容易。Its a good idea for us

18、to travel to the south.去南方旅行对我们来说是个好主意。24.Its+adj.+of sb.to do sth.24.Its+adj.+of sb.to do sth.It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正的主语,当表语(即形容词)能对逻辑主语描述时，常用介词 of,而不用 for。例如：Its very polite of you to give your seat to old people.你给老人让座，非常有礼貌。25.It seems/appears25.It seems/appears（to sbto sb）that(that(在某人看来在某人看来)好像好

19、像此句中的 it 是主语，that 引导的是表语从句。例如：It seems that he is lying.看样子他好像是在撒谎。It appears to me that he never smiles.在我看来，他从来没有笑过。26.It is+26.It is+数词数词+metres/kilometers long/wide+metres/kilometers long/wide 是多少米是多少米(公里公里)长长(宽宽)用来表示物体的长(宽,高)，如数词大于一，名词要用复数。例如：It is 20 metres long from this end to that end.从这端到那

20、端有二十米长。27.Its time for sb.to do sth.27.Its time for sb.to do sth.是某人干某事的时候了是某人干某事的时候了it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth.例如：Its time for the child to go to bed.孩子该睡觉了。比较下面两种结构：Its time for+n.例如：Its time for school.Its time to do sth.例如：Its time to go to school.28.It takes sb.some time to do sth.28.It take

21、s sb.some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事花费某人多少时间做某事it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth。例如：It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.从这儿走到公交车站花费她15 分钟。It took the old man three days to finish the work.那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。29.keep(on)doing sth.29.keep(on)doing sth.一直坚持做某事一直坚持做某事keep doing sth.一

22、般用于静态动词。keep on doing sth.意为“继续不停地做某事”，一般用于动态动词，但二者的区别并不是很严格，有时可以互换。例如：Dont keep on doing such foolish things.不要再做这样的傻事了。He kept sitting there all day.他整天坐在那里。30.keepfrom doing sth.30.keepfrom doing sth.阻止阻止.做某事做某事相当于 stopfrom doing sth.,preventfrom doing sth.在主动句中，stop 和 prevent后面的 from 可以省略，但在被动结构

23、中，from 不可以省略。例如：Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.请别让孩子到海里游泳。The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作业。31.keep sb.doing sth.31.keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事让某人一直做某事不可和 keep sb.from doing sth.结构混淆。例如：Why do you keep me waiting for a long time?你为什么让我等了

24、很长时间?32.make sb.do sth.32.make sb.do sth.使某人干某事使某人干某事make 意为“使”时，其后要有不带 to 的动词不定式。例如：He made me work ten hours a day.他让我每天工作 10 小时。注意：上句如改为被动语态，则work 前的 to 不能省略。例如：I was made to work ten hours a day.33.neithernor33.neithernor既不既不也不也不当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致(就近一致原则)。例如：Neither we nor Jack knows him.

25、我们和杰克都不认识他。He neither knows nor cares what happened.他对发生的事情不闻不问。34.notuntil34.notuntil直到直到才才.until 后可跟名词或从句，表示时间。例如：He didnt come until late in the evening.他直到晚上很迟才来。He didnt arrive until the game began.直到比赛开始他才来。35.sb.pays money for sth.35.sb.pays money for sth.某人花钱买某物某人花钱买某物此句型主语是人。例如：Ive already

26、paid 2,000 yuan for the motor bike.我已花了 2000 元买这辆摩托车。36.spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth.36.spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth.花费花费(时间、钱时间、钱)在某事上在某事上/做某事做某事其中 in 可以省略，通常主语为“人”。例如：I spent five yuan on this book.我在这本书上花了五元钱。I spent two hours(in)doing my homework yesterday.昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。37.sot

27、hat37.sothat太太以至于以至于 用于复合句，that 引导的是结果状语从句。so 是副词,后面应接形容词或副词，如果接名词，应用 such。例如：The ice is s o thin that you cant walk on it.冰太薄了，你不能在上面走。He is such a kind man that we all like him.他是一个非常好的人，我们都喜欢他。38.stop to do sth./38.stop to do sth./stop doing sth.stop doing sth.stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做另一件事”，stop do

28、ing sth.意为“停止正在做的事”例如：Youre too tired.Youd better stop to have a rest.你们太累了，最好停下来休息一会儿。The teacher is coming.Lets stop talking.老师来了，咱们别说话了。39.Thank you for39.Thank you for（doingdoing）sth.sth.感激你做了感激你做了 for 之后除了加动名词 doing 外，还可以加名词。例如：Thank you for giving me the present.谢谢你给我的礼物。Thank you for your hel

29、p.=Thank you for helping me.40.thanks to40.thanks to多亏多亏,由于由于thanks 后的 s 不能省略，to 是介词。例如：Thanks to my friend Jim,Ive worked out this problem.多亏了我朋友吉姆的帮助，我已经解决了这个问题。41.There be41.There be 句型句型 在此结构中，there 是引导词，在句中不能充当任何成分，也不必翻译出来。句中的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be 要与主语的数保持一致。例如：There is a man at the door.门口有一个人。当主语是由

30、两个或者两者以上的名词充当时，谓语动词be 要跟它邻近的那个名词的数一致(就近一致)。例如：There are two dogs and a cat under the table.桌下有两只狗和一只猫。比较：There is a cat and two dogs under the table.There be句型中的 be 不能用 have 来代替，但可以用lie(位于，躺),stand(矗立),exist(生存),live(生活)等词来替换。例如：There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street.街道两旁矗立着

31、许多高楼。There lies lake in front of our school.我们学校前面有一个湖。Once there lived a king here.这儿曾经有一个国王。There is going to be a sports meeting next week.下周准备开一个运动会。there be的拓展结构：there seem(s)/happen(s)to beThere seems to be one mistake in spelling.似乎有一处拼写错误。There happened to be a ruler here.这儿碰巧有把尺子。There seem

32、ed to be a lot of people there.那儿似乎有很多人。42.the+42.the+比较级比较级,the+,the+比较级比较级越越,越越此句型表示一方随另一方的变化而变化。例如：The harder he works,the happier he feels.他工作越努力，就感到越幸福。The more,the better.多多益善。43.too+adj./adv.+to do sth.43.too+adj./adv.+to do sth.太太以至于不能以至于不能.此句型为简单句，后面的to 表示否定含义。例如：The ice is too thin for you

33、 to walk on.这冰太薄，你不能在上面走。The bag is too heavy to carry.这个袋子太重搬不动。44.used to do sth.44.used to do sth.过去常常做某事过去常常做某事used to 是情态动词，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，因此只用于过去时态。例如:He used to get up early.他过去总早起。When I was yong,I used to play tennis very often.我年轻时经常打网球。否定形式有两种：didnt use to;used not to,例如：He didnt use

34、 to come.=He usednt to come.他过去不常来。45.45.what about?what about?怎么样怎么样?后面可接名词、代词、动名词等。与“how about?”同义。例如：We have been to Hainan.What about you?我们去过海南，你呢?What about going to the park on Sunday?星期天去公园怎么样?46.What day/date is it today?46.What day/date is it today?今天星期几今天星期几(几月几日几月几日)?)?What day is it tod

35、ay?Sunday.What date is it today?June 24th.47.Whats wrong(the matter)with?47.Whats wrong(the matter)with?怎么了怎么了?Whats wrong with you,Madam?夫人，您怎么了?You look worried.Whats wrong with you?你看上去很焦急，出什么事了?48.Why not do?48.Why not do?为什么不做为什么不做?谓语动词用原形。与Why dont you do?同义。例如：Why not go to see the film with

36、us?=Why dont you go to see the film with us?为什么不和我们一起去看电影呢?49.would like to do sth.49.would like to do sth.想做想做后用动词不定式作宾语。例如：I would like to drink a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶。疑问句式：Would you like(to drink)a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗?50.50.比较级比较级 andand 比较级比较级越来越越来越.若形容词/副词为双音节词及多音节词，则这一结构变为“more and more+形容词/副词”。例如：

37、Its getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.小女孩变得越来越漂亮了。51.51.比较级比较级+than+thanthan 引导的是典型的比较级句型，表示“一者比另一者”,其前用形容词或副词的比较级，than 从句可以用省略形式。例如：I know you better than she does.我比她更了解你。This house is bigger than that one.这所房子比那所房子大。52.though-52.though-从句从句though

38、 引导的是让步状语从句，意思是“虽然但是”,但不能和 but 连用。为表强调可与 still,yet连用。例如：Though it was snowing,it was not very cold.虽然下着雪，可并不太冷。I was late for the last bus though I hurried.虽然我拼命赶路，还是没搭上最后一班公交车。We didnt feel tired though we walked a long way.虽然我们走了很长的路程，但是并没有感到累。53.if-53.if-从句从句If 引导的是条件状语从句，“如果;假如“。如主句用一般将来时，if 从句要

39、用一般现在时(主将从现、主祈/情从现)。例如：If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow,would you like to come along?如果明天我去长城，你会和我一起去吗?If it rains tomorrow,I wont go.如果明天下雨，我就不去了。54.because-54.because-从句从句引导原因状语从句，“因为”。例如：He didnt hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio.他没有听见敲门声，因为他正在听收音机。55.so+do/be+

40、55.so+do/be+主语主语“So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。例如：He likes football and so do I.他喜欢足球，我也如此。Jim was playing football just now and so was Tom.刚才吉姆在踢足球，汤姆也在踢足球。比较比较：“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”结构，是用来证实前一句所表达的内容(起强调作用)。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。A:It is very hot toda

41、y.今天天气很热。B:So it is.确实如此。56.not onlybut also56.not onlybut also不但不但而且而且常用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子。连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：She likes not only singing but also dancing.她不但喜欢唱歌，而且喜欢跳舞。He is not only a good doctor but also a good father.他不但是个好医生而且是个好爸爸。Not only I but also he is hoping to go there.不但我

42、而且他也想去那儿。57.prefer57.prefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.喜欢喜欢胜过胜过.prefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.意为“两者相比更喜欢(做)其中之一”。在此结构中，to 是介词，接名词或动名词，结构中前后所跟成分一样。例如：He prefers tea to coffee.茶与咖啡相比，他更喜欢茶。He prefers doing shopping to going fishing.购物与钓鱼相比，他更喜欢购物。58.58.感叹句：感叹句：WhatWhat(a/an)(a/an)+

43、adj.+adj.+n.+n.+主语主语+谓语谓语!How+adj./adv.+How+adj./adv.+主语主语+谓语谓语!What a clever boy(he is)!=How clever the boy is!这个男孩儿多聪明啊！What a wonderful film we saw last night!昨天晚上我们看的电影多精彩啊!How lovely the weather is!天气多好啊!How hard he works!他工作多么努力啊!59.59.祈使句型祈使句型祈使句型表示命令、请求、劝告等含义。说话的对象通常为第二人称，习惯上常省略。句末用句号或感叹号。肯定

44、祈使句是：谓语动词用动词原形表示。否定祈使句是：在谓语动词前加 do not(dont)。例如：Be here on time tomorrow.明天准时到这儿来。Say it in English!用英语说!Dont be afraid!别怕!Dont l ook out of the window!不要朝窗外看!60.60.并列句型并列句型用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫并列句。连接并列句常用的连接词有：and,but,or,so,however,not onlybut also,neithernor,eitheror等。I help her and she helps me.我帮助她，她帮助我。He is very old but he is in good health.他年纪很大了，但他身体很好。We must hurry,or well be late.我们得赶快走，不然就晚了。Kate does her work carefully,so she never makes any mistakes.凯特工作很认真，从不出错。