精益生产基础知识培训ppt课件.pptx
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1、精益生精益生产产基基础础知知识识培培训课训课件件概述概述&范围范围qLean manufacturing is a generic process management philosophy derived mostly from the Toyota Production system(TPS)but also from other sources.It is renowned for its focus on reduction of seven wastes in order to improve overall customer value.1 q精益制造是普遍的流程管理哲学精益制造是
2、普遍的流程管理哲学,起源于丰田生产系统。闻名于其关注消除七大浪费以提高总的客户价值。起源于丰田生产系统。闻名于其关注消除七大浪费以提高总的客户价值。qToyotas achievement made Lean a hot topic in management science in the first decade of the 21st century.q 丰田的成就使丰田的成就使“精益精益”成为成为21世纪初期管理学界的热门话题世纪初期管理学界的热门话题qLean Manufacturing can be defined as:A systematic approach to identi
3、fying and eliminating waste(non-value-added activities)through continuous improvement by flowing the product at the pull of the customer in pursuit of perfection.精益制造可以定义为:精益制造可以定义为:“识别并消除浪费(无价值活动)的系统方法,致力于通过客户拉动的产品生产流程化识别并消除浪费(无价值活动)的系统方法,致力于通过客户拉动的产品生产流程化 持续改进,追求完美持续改进,追求完美Source:http:/en.wikipedi
4、a.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing3精精益生产屋益生产屋增加价值,消除浪费增加价值,消除浪费Stop Abnormality异常停线Takt time production节拍时间生产Pull production拉动式生产Autonomation自动化Level Loading负荷均衡化负荷均衡化VSM价值流程图价值流程图,5S,Supermarket超市超市Single Piece Flow单件流准时准时生产生产自动化自动化均衡生产均衡生产Sequencing顺序生产精益精益 企企业Level Loading均衡投入均衡投入 Sequencing顺序生产顺序生产He
5、ijunka均衡均衡化生产化生产Heijunka is a Forcing Function均衡化生产是强制作用均衡化生产是强制作用Customer Demand客户需求客户需求Leveled Production均衡生产均衡生产 How Can a Shop Resource This?生产车间怎样规划生产车间怎样规划 How Can the Supply Chain Cope?供应链怎样应付供应链怎样应付 What if the Supply Chain is Global?如果是全球供应链又怎样如果是全球供应链又怎样HeijunkaHeijunka均衡化生产均衡化生产Production
6、Control产量控制产量控制Pacemaker Sets the Pace for Upstream Processes节拍器设置在上游制程节拍器设置在上游制程 Single Scheduling Point单个计划控制点单个计划控制点 Down Stream Processes Occur as a Flow下游流程化下游流程化More leveled production更多均衡化生产更多均衡化生产Pacemaker节拍控制点节拍控制点Finished Goods Supermarket 成品超市成品超市Customer Demand客户需求客户需求Customer客户客户Kanban
7、Post看板位Withdrawal(Pull)拉动Withdrawal(Pull)拉动Heijunka均衡化生产均衡化生产均衡均衡投入指引投入指引Purpose:Purpose:目的目的目的目的 To provide guidelines for developing the method and tools for level-loading(or level-scheduling)the shop floor.提供均衡投入(均衡计划)生产的方法和工具的指引提供均衡投入(均衡计划)生产的方法和工具的指引Key Elements of Level-scheduling Key Elements
8、 of Level-scheduling 均衡计划的主要基础均衡计划的主要基础均衡计划的主要基础均衡计划的主要基础nProduction units are stratified according to planned sales volume n产品分类按计划销售量产品分类按计划销售量nThe production sequence combines Build To Order(BTO)and Customer Forecastn生产顺序结合按订单生产和客户预测nSequence is designed to achieve the combined TAKT time for all
9、itemsn生产顺序结合了各个项目的节拍时间nEliminating production rate variance is required to achieve TAKT timen消除生产率差异是达到节拍时间的要求nBuild only high volume products to FG supermarket based on business model n根据生意模式建立大批量产品的成品超市nLower volume items are only sequenced with firm orders 低产量产品排产只根据确定的订单低产量产品排产只根据确定的订单nHold comp
10、onents in Raw Materials supermarket only for low volume items.原材料超市只存放低产量的原材料超市只存放低产量的 项目项目nFill orders first from FG,second WIP,&third sequence them(attach the order to the production plan)n订单填充首先从成品,其次在制品订单填充首先从成品,其次在制品&第三就要排序它们(生产计划联系订单)第三就要排序它们(生产计划联系订单)均衡投入指引均衡投入指引Sales Production HeijunkaIt is
11、 natural that the customers demand is not always same.To satisfy them,you need to pull and manufacture the product by leveling both volume and types.*客户的需求总是不同的,这是很自然的,为了让客户满意,你需要通过均客户的需求总是不同的,这是很自然的,为了让客户满意,你需要通过均衡产量和品种来拉动和制造产品衡产量和品种来拉动和制造产品*Shingijutsu Corp.均衡的均衡的概念概念3 Types of Plan 3种计划种计划i.Froze
12、n:100%fix,No change allowed 冻结:冻结:100%确定,不允许任何更改。确定,不允许任何更改。ii.Semi-frozen:80%fix,20%Change allowed 半冻结:半冻结:80%确定,确定,20%允许更改允许更改iii.Forecast:Not confirm 预测:不确定。预测:不确定。All accounts schedule shall be categorized into above group所有的项目计划都分成上述所有的项目计划都分成上述3类。类。Current situation is we group all account as“
13、Forecast”or keep changing the so-called“Frozen schedule”现状是,我们集合所有项目类似现状是,我们集合所有项目类似“预测预测”或者总是改变所谓的或者总是改变所谓的“固定固定”计划。计划。冻结冻结计划计划Relationship between Schedule visibility and manufacturing lead time计划的可见度和制造期限的关系计划的可见度和制造期限的关系Forecast预测Semi-Frozen半冻结Frozen冻结Week 12Week 11Week 10Week 9Week 8Week 7Week
14、6Week 5Week 4Week 3Week 2Week 1Lead time 1/Schedule Visibility and Accuracy交货时间交货时间 1/计划的可见度和准确性计划的可见度和准确性Lead time increase Schedule visibility and accuracy reduced交货时间增加交货时间增加计划的可见度和准确性降低计划的可见度和准确性降低Visibility and accuracy reduced可可见见度度和和准准确确性性降降低低冻结冻结计划计划顺序顺序生产指引生产指引Need to Determine.需要决定需要决定How
15、Much2 systems per dayWhat Kind15 pcs of System A 5 pcs of System BWhen5 of G,2 of R,5 of G,2 of R,5 of G,1 of RTAKT节拍时间节拍时间Level Load Mix均衡化混合均衡化混合Level LoadSequence顺序均衡化顺序均衡化If we are making Systems.如果我们正在生产产品如果我们正在生产产品QuarterlyWeeklyWeeklyFrequency频率频率Takt Time节拍时间节拍时间=Available Time可用时间Demand/Cus
16、tomer Forecast 客户需求Assumptions假设假设:1)Machine Breakdown=0 hour机器故障=0小时2)Setup Change=0 hour设置转换=0小时3)Defect Rate=0%不良率=0%Quick ExampleQuick Example5 2 5 2 5 1 ABABBA A A AAB BA A A AABA A A AAABBAB顺序顺序:决定生产数量和节拍时间:决定生产数量和节拍时间顺序:决定生产数量和节拍时间顺序:决定生产数量和节拍时间CSetting the production sequence of multiple Typ
17、es设置多种类型的生产顺序设置多种类型的生产顺序-48 units1440 unitsTotal8.125min48 units-32.5 min12 units360 unitsSystem 332.5 min12 units360 unitsSystem 216.25 min24 units720 unitsSystem 1TAKT Time节拍时间ShiftRequirement日需求MonthlyRequirement月需求Product产品This is data for 3 products,System 1,System 2,and System 3.这里有3种产品。The ch
18、art displays the monthly production level,the daily production level(monthly divided by 30),and the Takt time for each product type.图表显示每个种类的每月生产水平/日生产水平和节拍时间THEY ARE ALL PRODUCED ON THE SAME LINE.它们都在同一条生产线生产。How can these units be built in a level production mode using this example?如何建立均衡生产模式?Syst
19、em 1System 2System 3BAAssumption假设:1.Available working hours is 6.5hrs/shift可用工作时间是6.5小时/天 Since these three products are on the same line,you will need to follow the sequence pattern of 1-2-1-3 in your production mix.By doing it this way you are able to level-load your production both in terms of q
20、uantity and types.因为三种产品要在同一个生产线生产,你需要按1-2-1-3的顺序安排混合生产计划,只有这样你才能平衡各类型和数量System 1 System 3System 2System 1REPEAT重复Mixed Assembly Line混合生产If produced in batches,only the System 1s will be built within 7.5 minutes Takt time 如果按批量生产,只有1#产品能按7.5分的节拍时间完成。If produced to a sequence,2 units will be produced
21、 in 2 Takt times,or 15 minutes 如果按顺序生产,每次将生产2种产品按15分的节拍时间。1-2-1-3Lets show how we validate this让我们看如何确认它。让我们看如何确认它。ABAC生产生产顺序按类型顺序按类型System产品产品Line Takt线节拍线节拍Takt/Cycle Graph节拍节拍/周期图周期图Part Quantity部分-数量Part Router1327.57.57.5See Std Work Combo Sheet for example.One sheet is created for each operato
22、r以标准工作组合板为例,一个单元是为每一个操作SCT=25766676138127.597.5SCT=40SCT=30顺序顺序顺序顺序Takt Build Time=#of Operations*Takt实际构建时间=#of Operations*TaktActual Build Time=SCT实际构建时间=SCT302303301402303251SystemTBTSystemABT+10203-51SystemObjectives:目标:Produce to Takt Time(understanding no 2 products will have the exact same AB
23、T)生产节拍时间生产节拍时间(要明白没有两样产品有同样的ABT)The sum of the DTot is zero DTot的总和为零 Every product is produced at least once每个产品生产至少一次 No product is produced twice in a row没有产品在同一排中连续生产两次Create a product sequence where:创建一个产品序列Dtot=S(#of Units in sequence*D)Dtot=-5(#of 1s)+10(#of 2s)+0(#of 3s)0=-5(2)+10(1)+0(1)Acc
24、ording to the rules the sequence must run根据规定,顺序必须为:System 1 System 2 System 1 System 3节拍节拍生产生产1st Element of Standard Work(Takt Time)标准工作的第一项元素标准工作的第一项元素(节拍时间节拍时间)Takt Time节拍时间节拍时间 The heartbeat of the business.企业的脉搏 Is not just Mathematics,but it is the Foundation to Lean.虽只是个数字,但它却是精益生产的基础 Availa
25、ble Time:Total amount of TIME allocated for production 可用时间:可分配用于生产的总的时间 Customer Demand:Qty of scheduled parts for a given time frame 客户需求:特定时间范围内预定的产品需求数量 Example例子:Available Time=6.5 hrs/shift x 2 shifts/day x 5 days/wk x 60 min/hr x 60 sec/min=234000 sec/wk可用时间=6.5 小时/班x 2 班/天 x 5 天/周x 60 分/小时x
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