备考2023年中考英语语法知识点清单专题09-动词.docx
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1、专题09-动词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:U1 .及物动词和不及物动词11.(连)系动词132 .助动词14.情态动词143 .牛刀小试16考情分析:中考英语试题对动词的考查主要是:实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词),(连)系动 词 be, feel, look, taste, smell 等,助动词 do/does/did 和 have/has 及情态动词 can, must, may等的用法。如:This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。(连)系动词)We study English.我们学英语。(及物动词)Birds can f
2、ly.鸟儿能飞。(不及物动词)I dont like a dog.我不喜欢狗。(助动词)Can you come here?你能来这吗?(情态动词)1.及物动词和不及物动词(1)根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种 类型:可以直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词,可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的 及物动词、跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词等。A. readsB. is readC. is readingD. has read(2019河南省实验中学三模)Never others9 path, unless you lost your way in the
3、 forest.A. followB. meetC. receiveD. discover(2017上海浦东新二模)Rebecca was the first to the airport, only to find she hadleft her luggage at home.A. reachB. arriveC. arrive inD. get(2020江苏无锡模拟预测)-He seems terribly ill. Pm afraid we have to send him to hospital at once.-Maybe hes just got a bit of a cold,
4、 so I dont think it.A. mindsB. worksC. caresD. matters(2019山东济南中考模拟)一 you often go to school by bike?-Yes, but sometimes I go by bus when it rains.A. DoB. WillC. HaveD. Are(2010湖北咸宁中考真题)Do you like watching TV?Yes, I. But onlyafter I finish my homework.A. amB. doC. doesD. did43 .(2011 河北中考真题)1 spend
5、 much more time playing basketball than I for mylessons.A. spend to prepare B. do preparing C. do to prepare D. spendprepare44. (2017江苏靖江外国语学校一模)一Mr Wu, must I finish this exercise today?一 No, you. You can hand it in tomorrow afternoon.A. shouldntB. dont have to C. mustntD. cant(2018全国中考模拟)一He never
6、 been late fbr school.A. So have IB. So am IC. Neither have I D. Nor am I(2017山东济南中考真题)Last night, I found a photo in an old book. It made me of my primary school life.A. thinkB. thinkingC. thoughtD. to think(2022重庆模拟预测)There is something wrong with my DVD player. Til have itA. fixingB. to fixC , fi
7、xesD. fixed(2021江西省南丰县教育局教学研究室一模)一Something seems to have gone wrong with the fridge.Dont worry. Til get it this afternoon.A. repairB. to repairC. repairingD. repaired(2021 辽宁阜新一模)The workers were made 15 hours a day in the past.A. to workB. workC. workingD. worked(2021 上海普陀二模)The kind doctor usuall
8、y tells jokes to make his patients better.A. feel B. felt C. to feel D. feeling专题09-动词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:U1 .及物动词和不及物动词11.(连)系动词132 .助动词14.情态动词143 .牛刀小试16考情分析:中考英语试题对动词的考查主要是:实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词),(连)系动 词 be, feel, look, taste, smell 等,助动词 do/does/did 和 have/has 及情态动词 can, must, may等的用法。如:This kind
9、 of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。(连)系动词)We study English.我们学英语。(及物动词)Birds can fly.鸟儿能飞。(不及物动词)I dont like a dog.我不喜欢狗。(助动词)Can you come here?你能来这吗?(情态动词)1.及物动词和不及物动词(1)根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种 类型:可以直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词,可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的 及物动词、跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词等。如:My brother is flying the ki
10、te on the playground, (fly 后跟单宾语 the kite) 我的弟弟正在操场上放风筝。My mother gives me a new bike as the birthday present/give 后E艮双宾语 me 和 a new bike) 我妈妈给我一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。The teacher made his students happy by doing some games, (made 后总艮宾语 his students 和宾语补足语happy) 老师通过做游戏使得学生高兴。有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时、间接宾语前要加
11、to。常用 的止匕类词有 bring, give, hand, pass, pay, post, return, sell, show, teach, tell, throw, lend 等 o如:Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please.请递给我那本书。有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加foro常 用的此类词有 buy, choose, cook, draw, book, find, get, make, order 等。如:My mom bought me a nice backpa
12、ck. = My mom bought a nice backpack for me. 我妈妈为我买了 一个好看的书包。及物动词有被动语态形式。如:A little girl opened the door.一个小女孩翻开了门。(主动语态)The door was opened by a little girl.门被一个小姑娘翻开了。(被动语态)(2)不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有时和介词或副词一起使用,可以接宾语。 如:The little boy runs quickly.这个小孩子快速地跑了。We arrived at the station at five.我们五点到达了车站。(3
13、)大多数动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有 open, close, start, change, drive, play, meet, win, study 等。 如:The girl turned her head and smiled.这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。(turn是及物动词)She turned and walked back to the classroom.她转过身走回教室。(turn是不及物动词)(4)有一些及物动词用作不及物动词可以表示被动的意思。这个时候句子的主语是物 而不是人。如:My books sold out in a week.我的书一个星期内
14、卖完了。2 .(连)系动词连系动词也称为系动词,用于连接主语和表语,表示主语身份、性质、状态。连系动词 有一定词义,但不完整,不能单独做谓语,必须和表语连用,构成系表结构。如:You are a teacher, but not a good one.你是一个老师,但不是好老师。We feel very happy when we know it.当我们知道这个的时候,非常高兴。常用的连系动词有:(4)状态连系动词:表示主语的状态、性质、身份,常用的有be动词。如:My father is very strong.我的爸爸非常强壮。(5)持续连系动词:表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。常用的有:s
15、tay (保持),remain (保持),continue (继续)等。(6)表象连系动词:用来表示“看起来”这一概念的词。常见的有:appear (看起来),seem (看似),look (看 起来)。如:Your mother looks much younger than I thought.你妈妈比我想象得年轻多了。(4)感官连系动词:常用的有:feel (摸起来),taste (尝起来),smell (闻起来),sound (听起来)look (看 起来)。如:The milk tastes a little sour.这牛奶品尝起来有点酸。(7)转变或结果连系动词:常用的有:bec
16、ome (变为),get (成为),grow (长得),turn (变得),go (变得)等。如:Our village is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的村庄正在变得越来越漂亮。3 .助动词助动词本身没有词意,或者意义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起在句子 中作谓语、帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否认、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有: be, do, have, shall, will 等。如:Will you have a sports meeting next week?你们下一个星期举行体育运动会吗?Is your mother co
17、oking ?你妈妈在做饭吗?Dont be late for class next time.下次上课不要再迟到了。4 .情态动词情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词连用作 谓语,表示说话人的语气和情感u主要的情态动词有:can, may, must, need, would, could, might, dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面:(6)含must的一般疑问句:肯定回答仍用must,否认回答那么用neednt或dont have to,表示“不必。一般不能用 mustnt,因为mustnt表示不可以、禁止”,语气很强。如:一Must I fin
18、ish my homework now?我必须现在完成作业吗? 一No, you neednt.不,不必要。(7) may开头的一般疑问句:肯定回答用may或can,否认回答用mustno如:一May I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗?-No, you mustnt.不,不可以。(8)表示可能性或推测时:can多用于否认句或疑问句,cannot表示“不可能”;may多用于陈述句,may not表示“可 能不”;must只用于肯定句,表示“一定、准是如:You may be right or may not be right.你可能对也可能不对。The news cant be tr
19、ue.这消息不可能是真的。She must be angry.她一定是生气了。(9) need用作情态动词:主要用于否认句、疑问句和条件句,表示“需要”,也可以作实义动词,后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must。如:You needn come if you are busy.如果忙,你就不必来了。(情态动词)一Need I come tomorrow?我明天需要来吗?No, you neednt. / Yes, you must.不,没必要。/是的,你必须来。(情态动词)He needs to get some sleep.他需要睡一会。(实
20、义动词)have to 的用法:意思接近must,但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性,常译 成“不得不”。have to可以用于多种时态,其疑问句、否认句都要借助动词do构成。如:Do you have to leave now?你现在必须走了吗?You dont have to get up early.你没有必要早起。(8) be able to 的用法:表示具体的能力,与can用法相近,can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,be able to可用 更多的时态。was / were able to侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事,而could只表示过 去具备某种
21、能力。如:The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out.这道数学题很难,但我做出来了。5.牛刀小试(2022辽宁抚顺模拟预测)一I didnt enjoy myself at the party. I just felt.一Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.A. left outB. to leave out C. leaving out D. be left out【答案】A【详解】句意: 我在聚会上玩得不开心。我只是觉得被冷落了。嗯,也许派对 上的人太多
22、了。考查过去分词作表语。leaveout”遗漏,省去”;根据I didnt enjoy myself at the party.”可知,说话人在聚会上感觉不开心,觉得自己被忽略了;主语T与leave out” 为被动关系,feel为感官动词,后可接过去分词作表语。应选A。1. (2022吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测)There only a bed and two chairs in thebig bedroom.A. isB. wasC. areD. were【答案】A【详解】句意:在这个大卧室里只有一张床和两把椅子。考查时态和主谓一致。is主语 是第三人称单数,was是is的过去式;are主
23、语是第二人称,第一、三人称复数,were 是are的过去式。分析句子可知,此处说明一般情况,使用一般现在时,所以排除B和 D; there be句型遵循就近一致”原那么,离be动词最近的主语“a bed”是单数,所以be动 词使用is。应选A。2. (2022云南昆明模拟预测)一While watching Stephen Chows films, I am often made again and again.一So am L And laughing can make us.A. laugh; relaxedB. to laugh; relaxedC. to laugh; to relax
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