备考2023年中考英语语法知识点清单专题11-非谓语动词.docx

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1、专题11.非谓语动词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:101 .动词不定式10.动名词132 .分词13.牛刀小试14考情分析：中考英语试题对非谓语动词的考查主要是：Lit作形式主语、宾语的用法；.感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；2 .动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带t。，但变为被动语态时就要带t。；3 .有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。1.动词不定式(1)动词不定式的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to,这里 的t。是不定式符号，

2、本身无词义，动词不定式的否认形式是not+(to+)动词原形。(2)动词不定式的句法功能：功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常 用it作形式主语，而把不 定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every day. =To cleanthe room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天清扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。宾语一What s

3、ports does he like to play?只能作某些动词的宾语，A. workB. worksC. workingD. to work44. （2022江苏,苏州市吴江区青云中学模拟预测）The kite in China has a longhistory.A. inventsB. inventedC. is invented D. was invented（2022辽宁抚顺模拟预测）一I didnt enjoy myself at the party. I just felt. 一Well, maybe there were too many people at the par

4、ty.A. left outB. to leave out C. leaving out D. be left out（2022云南昆明模拟预测）Eric,playing that computer game. You should find something else to do.一OK, Mom. Maybe a book is a good choice.A. to stop; reading B. stopping; read C. stop; reading D. to stop; to read 47. （2022云南昆明二模）Im looking forward to a ne

5、w life in the high schoolthat Ive dreamt of.A. startB. startsC. startedD. starting（2022云南昆明模拟预测）一What9s wrong with the boy?一It seems that he has a stomachache. He doesnt feel like.A. to eat somethingB. eating somethingC. to eat anythingD. eating anything48. （2022江西南昌二模）一Neil, youe reading again.一Yes

6、, I think reading books a bridge between our lives and the unknown world.A. buildsB. builtC. was building D. had built（2022四川密地外国语三模）In some parts of the city, missing a bus means for another hour.A. to waitB. waitC. to be waitingD. waiting专题11.非谓语动词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:101 .动词不定式10.动名词132 .分词13

7、.牛刀小试14考情分析：中考英语试题对非谓语动词的考查主要是：Lit作形式主语、宾语的用法；.感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；2 .动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带t。，但变为被动语态时就要带t。；3 .有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。1 .动词不定式(1)动词不定式的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to,这里 的t。是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否认形式是not+(to+)动词原形。(2)动词不定式的句法功能：功能例句说明主语To spe

8、ak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常 用it作形式主语，而把不 定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every day. =To cleanthe room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天清扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。宾语一What sports does he like to play?只能作某些动词的宾语，他喜欢做什么运动？一He likes to

9、 play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在 make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词 后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所 修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状

10、语，其逻辑主 语要和句子的主语一致。1）不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be+ adj. +（for/of sb. ）+动词不定式。如：To learn English well is useful. f It is useful to learn English well.学好英语很有用。Its important for us to protect the environment.保护环境对我们来说很重要。在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：Its very ki

11、nd of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦！2）不定式作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：I find it easy t

12、o read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式:why not do. , why dont you do. . , had better (not) do, would rather do, could/would/will you please (not) do.如：I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3)不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：telL ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定

13、式作宾语补足语。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略too这些动词有: 一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to) 三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the

14、boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4)不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担忧的。5)不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go. (where to go = where

15、he should go)他不知道去哪里。2 .动名词(1)动名词构成：一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成。(2)动名词的句法功能:功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象 行为或经常性的动作。介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表语His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collectin

16、g stamps is his hobby. 他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下，动名词作 表语可转换成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室里。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只说明它所修饰的词的 用途、所属关系等。置 于所修饰词之前。英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem (in)，spend. . (in)

17、, feel like, be used to (习惯于)，give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help 可按下面的顺口溜 记忆这些词：完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, caiTt help, feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)3.分词(1)分词的构成：分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；

18、过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规那么的形式。（2）分词的句法功能:功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树卜面的那位女孩吗？Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们的笔试练习。现在分词作定语，其逻辑 主语就是它所修饰的词； 过去分词作定语，其逻辑 宾语是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill, o

19、ur school looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子 的主语。表语The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性 质、特征；过去分词表示 某种状态。补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair c

20、ut after school.放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语，被补 足的宾语或主语是它的 逻辑主语（即主动关系）； 过去分词作补足语，被补 足的宾语或主语是它的 逻辑宾语（即被动关系）。4.牛刀小试1. （2022吉林长春中考真题）heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.A. To avoid B. Avoid C. Avoiding D. Avoided【答案】A【详解】句意：为了防止交通拥挤，请早点起床出发。考查非谓语动词。根据“heavy traffic, please get up and set out early”可知，早

21、点起床出发的目的是为了防止交通拥挤，用动词 不定式表目的，应选A。2. （2022辽宁丹东中考真题）If each of us makes efforts something meaningful, our society will become better and better.A. to loseB. to be lostC. to doD. to be done【答案】C【详解】句意：如果我们每个人都努力去做些有意义的事，我们的社会会越变越好。考 查动词不定式作目的状语。to lose失去，动词不定式的一般式；to be lost迷失，动词不 定式的一般式；todo做，动词不定式的一般

22、式；to be done被做，动词不定式的被动式。 make efforts to do sth.表示“努力做某事，do something meaningful表示“做一些有意义的 事情:应选C。3. （2022贵州黔西,中考真题）Most of the students are looking forward to themselves after the exams.A. workB. workingC. relaxD. relaxing【答案】D【详解】句意：大多数学生都期待着考试后放松自己。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。 work工作；relax放松。根据after the exams.

23、”可知，考试过后应该是放松，可排除AB 选项；固定短语look forward to doing sth.“期待着做某事。应选Do（2022辽宁大连中考真题）I hope in my hometown after I finish school.A. workB. worksC. workingD. to work【答案】D【详解】句意：我希望毕业后能在家乡工作。考查非谓语动词。固定短语hope to do sth“希 望做某事”，应选D。4. （2022广西玉林中考真题）一Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from in th

24、e lake or river.一Life is valuable. Kids must remember the school rules.A. swim; to followB. swim; followingC. swimming; followingD. swimming; to follow【答案】D【详解】句意：安全第一！每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。生 命是珍贵的。孩子们必须记住遵守校规。考查非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.阻 止某人做某事”，动名词作宾语，排除AB； remember to do sth.”记得要做某事，remember d

25、oing sth.“记得做过某事”；根据Kids must remember.the school rules”可知是记得要遵守 规那么，故此处用动词不定式作宾语，排除C。应选D。5. （2022广西河池中考真题）I usually spend time in the library on weekends.A. readB. readingC. readsD. to read【答案】B【详解】句意：周末我通常在图书馆看书。此题考查动词spend的用法。“花费时间做 某事”的英文表达为“spend time （in） doing，所以应选择动名词形式reading。应选B。6. （2022江苏

26、镇江中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist a talk onWorld Earth Day.A. givingB. to giveC. giveD. given【答案】B【详解】句意：这所高中邀请了一位著名的科学家在世界地球日发表演讲。考查非谓语。 结合“invited a famous scientist”可知，此处是invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事“，空处 用不定式作宾补，应选B。7. （2022广西中考真题）Our teacher often tells us across the road when thet

27、raffic light is red.A. goB. goingC. dont goD. not to go【答案】D【详解】句意：我们的老师经常告诉我们当交通灯是红色的时候不要过马路。考查非谓 语动词。tell sb （not） to do sth”告诉某人（不）要做某事”,固定短语；此处指“告诉我们 红灯时不要过马路”。应选D。8. （2022广西贵港中考真题）一 Amy, dont forget your mask （口罩）when yougo out.Dont worry, mom. I will.A. wearB. wearsC. to wearD. wearing【答案】C【详解

28、】句意：艾米，出去的时候别忘了戴口罩。别担忧，妈妈。我会的。考 查非谓语动词。forget to do sth“忘记去做某事；forget doing sth“忘记做过某事根据 “dorTt forget.your mask （口罩）when you go out”可矢口，提醒不要忘i己戴口罩，应选 Co 10. （2022四川雅安中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music.A. relaxto relaxC. relaxingD. relaxed【答案】B【详解】句意：青少年经常听流行音乐来放松。考查词义辨析。relax动词，放松；to relax 动词

29、不定式；relaxing形容词，令人放松的；relaxed形容词，感到放松的。此处在句中 表示目的，用动词不定式。应选B。11. （2022黑龙江绥化中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to the violin.Listen! She the piano in her room.A. play; is playingB. playing; playsC. playing; is playing【答案】C【详解】句意：霍莉喜欢弹钢琴而不喜欢拉小提琴。听！她正在房间里弹钢琴。考查非 谓语及时态。prefer doing to doing宁愿做 也不愿做 ”，

30、是固定短语，第一空用 动名词形式；结合“Listen!”可知，第二空用现在进行时结构，应选C。12. （2022内蒙古包头中考真题）Nancy didnt know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club some new friends.A. to meetB. meetC. metD. meets【答案】A【详解】句意：南希不知道新学校的任何人，因此她决定参加课后俱乐部去交一些新朋 友。考查非谓语动词。根据“some new friends”可知，用动词不定式表达目的是“为了交 新朋友”,用

31、to meet”。应选A。13. （2022.贵州黔东南.中考真题）An old man on the side of the road was found, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.A. lies; diesB. lay; diedC. lain; deadD. lying; dying【答案】D【详解】句意：一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息，他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医 院。考查词义辨析。lies说谎，躺；lay躺（过去式）或放置（动词原形）；lain躺（过 去

32、分词）；lying躺（现在分词）或说谎（现在分词）。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”， 用现在分词作定语。dies死亡，动词三单；died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容 词；dying 垂死的，形容词。根据“he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知，还有生命体征，处于垂死边缘，第二空应填形容词dying,应选D。 14. （2022贵州黔东南中考真题）There is no doubt Harry Potter is worthA. whether, read B. if; t

33、o read C. that; reading D. as; being read 【答案】C【详解】句意：毫无疑问，哈利波特值得一读。考查宾语从句。doubt用在否认句中， 引导词用 that, there is no doubt that毫无疑问”，固定句型；be worth doing sth”值得做某事”，应选Co15. （2022贵州铜仁中考真题）一Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind your radio?Sorry. Til do it at once.A. turning down B. turn downC. turning

34、 upD. turn up【答案】A【详解】句意：陈先生，我的孩子在睡觉。你介意调低你收音机的音量吗？ 抱 歉，我立刻做。考查非谓语及动词短语。turn down调低（音量）；turn up调高（音量）。 根据my kid is sleeping”可知要调低音量，排除C、D； mind doing sth表示“介意做某事”， 即mind后用动名词作宾语，应选A。16. （2022贵州铜仁中考真题）Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages in the world?一Sorry, I have no idea.A. speakingB. sp

35、okenC. speakD. spoke【答案】B【详解】句意：你知道世界上有3000多种语言吗？ 抱歉，我不知道。考查非 谓语动词。languages与动词speak之间是被动关系，故此空应填过去分词作定语，应选 Bo（2022贵州毕节中考真题）Many people have lost their homes because of wars. Ifs important for people a peaceful world.A. haveB. hadC. to haveD. to be having【答案】C【详解】句意：许多人因为战争失去了家园。对人们来说，拥有一个和平的世界很重 要。

36、考查非谓语动词。此处是结构力t is adj. for sb. to do sth二 意为“做某事对某人是 的“，动词不定式作真正的主语，此处应用动词不定式的一般式。应选C。17. （2022湖北十堰中考真题）The teacher told us too much noise because theother students were having an exam.A. to not make B. not to make C. not makeD. not making【答案】B【详解】句意：老师告诉我们不要太吵，因为其他学生正在考试。考查非谓 语动词。tell sb not to do

37、 sth告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，否认在to前加 not,应选B。18. （2022四川广元中考真题）The Great Wall is so famous that a large number of travellers wish it.A. visitB. visitingC. to visitD. visited【答案】C【详解】句意：长城非常有名，许多旅行者都想去参观。考查非谓语动词。固定短语他喜欢做什么运动？一He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano

38、all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在 make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词 后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所 修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语，其逻辑主 语要和句子的主语一致。1）不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + b

39、e+ adj. +（for/of sb. ）+动词不定式。如：To learn English well is useful. f It is useful to learn English well.学好英语很有用。Its important for us to protect the environment.保护环境对我们来说很重要。在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：Its very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that

40、.你那样做真是太聪明啦！2）不定式作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：wish to do sth希望做某事，应选Co（2022江苏宿迁中考真题）一Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my wri

41、ting skills?一Certainly. I advise you a diary in English every day.A. to keepB. keepingC. keptD. keeps【答案】A【详解】句意：李老师，你能告诉我如何提高我的写作技巧吗？ 当然。我建议 你每天用英语写日记。考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事 动词不 定式作宾语补足语。应选A。20. （2022天津中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree it.A. sellB. sell

42、sC. soldD. to sell【答案】D【详解】句意：这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。他永远不会同意卖掉它。考查非谓语动 词。agree to do sth,同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。应选D。21. （2022江苏扬见 中考真题）the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.A. ReachB. To reachC. ReachingD. To reaching【答案】B【详解】句意：为了接触被锁在里面的人，消防员破门而入。考查非谓语动词。分析句 子可知，“the people locked inside”的目的是t

43、he firemen broke down the door”,作目的状 语用动词不定式。应选B。22. （2022云南昆明中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you goodgrades on your new journey!A. cuttingB. to cutC. gettingD. to get【答案】D【详解】句意：男孩女孩们，祝你们好运，在新的征程上取得好成绩!考查非谓语。wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事L是固定短语，用不定式作宾补，应选D。23. （2022云南中考真题）If you want your pron

44、unciation, keep on practicingevery day.A. improve【答案】Devery day.A. improve【答案】DB , improvedC. improvingD. to improve【详解】句意：如果你想提高你的发音，坚持每天练习。考查非谓语动词。want to do sth“想要做某事。动词不定式作宾语，应选D。24. （2022江苏连云港中考真题）Kitty, these books are heavy for youcarry. Let me help you.A. as.asB. too.toC. such.thatD. so.that

45、【答案】B【详解】句意：基蒂，这些书太重了，你拿不动。我来帮你。考查t。to结构。as.as 像一样；太而不能；such.that如此以致于；so.that如此以致于。根据carry”是动词原形可知，符合too.。结构，表示“太重了拿不开工 应选Bo26（2022江苏连云港.中考真题）We learned to work as a team by completing thetask.A. whatB. whichC. howD. who【答案】C【详解】句意：通过完成任务，我们学会了如何团队合作。考查疑问词辨析。what什 么；which 哪一个；how 怎样;who 谁。根据We lear

46、ned .to work as a team by completing the task”可知,学会了如何团队合作,用how与“to work”构成疑问词+to do”结构作 宾语，应选C。27. （2022-四 11达州中考真题）The local government advises people to otherplaces it is not necessary during the pandemic.A. travel; unless B. to not travel; if C. not to travel; unless D. not to travel; if【答案】D【详解】句意：当地政府建议人们在疫情期间，如果没有必要，不要前往其他地方。考 查非谓语动词和连词辨析。advise sb （not） to do sth”建议某人（不要）做某事，排除AB。 unless 除非;if 如果。根据advises people.to other places”可矢口，力t is not necessary during the pandemic是The local government advises people.to other places”的肯定条件，用 if 引导条件状语从句。应选D。28. （2022.四川达州中考真题）Hurr