人教版中考英语语法专题复习动词时态教案.docx

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1、(1)z般V进行z完成N /完成进行past一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时1L-presentfuture一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时现在完成时中考英语语法专题复习一一动词时态教案初中英语时态用法分类详解一、基本概念英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件卜的动词形式，在英语中有16种时态，初中阶段 需要学习8种，重点掌握6种。二、基本分类红色笑脸代表6种必须熟练掌握的时态；代表2种只要求理解其构成和用法的时态。过去将来时三、动词的五种基本形式形式变化规那么例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式be, do, le

2、arn, have第三人称单数在动词原形后直接加-Srun-runslike-likes以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词，在词 尾加-esleach-teaches wash-washespass-passesgo-goesdo-doesfix-fixes辅音字母y结尾的动词：将y变为i再study-studiestry-triesA. wentB. goes20.1 know a little about Thailand, as IC. would go there three years ago.D. will goA. have beenB. have goneC. will

3、 goD. wentscore:核心词汇1happyjoyfulpleasedcheerfulsurprisedin terestedexcitedproudrelaxedmovedexcited1 onelyunhappyupsethopelessheart-brokendownshyangrymadcrazyannoyedafraidscaredworri ednervousfearfulsickterribleboredawfulFeelingswords （31 个）J”happy joyful pleased cheerful surprised interestedexcitedp

4、roud relaxed movedsadnesssad downlonely shyunhappy upsethopelessheart-brokenangerangrymadcrazy annoyedfearafraidscaredworried nervousfearfuldisgustsickterriblebored awful加-es以元音字母加y结尾的动词：在词尾加 +Sstay-staysplay-plays特殊变化的动词have-hasbe-is现在分词一般变化：动词原形后直接加+ingwork-working study-studying以不发音的e结尾的动词：去e再加 +

5、inglive-living write-writing以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅 音字母的动词：双写末尾字母再加+ingstop-stoppingrefer-referring sit-sittingbegin-beginning少数以ie结尾的动词：去ie变为y再 加+ingdie-dyinglie-lyingtie-lying过去式和过去 分词 (规那么变化)一般变化：在动词原形后加-edwork-worked以e结尾的动词：直接加-dlive-lived以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅 音字母的动词：双写最后字母再+edslop-stopped prefer-preferred

6、plan-planned以辅音字母加y结尾的动词：去y变为 i再加+edcarry-carried study-studied cry-cried四、用法详解一般现在时(1) 一般现在时的构成(2) 一般现在时的用法类别构成方法例词一般情况加-Slook-looks, come-comes, play-plays以字母s, x, ch, sh,结尾的动词加心guess-guesses, fix-fixes, teach-teaches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-esstudy-studies, carry-carries表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often, alwa

7、ys, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week, twice a month, every day, every week 等表示频度的副词和时间状语连用。例如：I often take a bus to school. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。例如：The earth is round.注意：在宾语从句中，假设从句为客观真题，从句的时态不受主句时态的影响，一直用一般现 在时。例如：Miss Wang told us that the light travels faster than the sound.在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时

8、表示将来。例如：When I grow up, I will go to America.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go tothe zoo.1. He seldom exercises at school, so he is very fat.D. will takeD. to goA. takesB. takeC. tookWhat did the teacher say just now?一He said that (he earth around the sun.A. goB. goesC. wentI一般过去时（1）一般过去时的构成-动词

9、的规那么变化注意：很多动词的过去式是不规那么的，在平时的学习中注意积累。类别构成方法例词读音规那么一般情况加-edlook-looked, start-started清辅音后面读作用； 浊辅音和元音后面读/d/:/t/和/d/后面读/id/。以e结尾的动词加-dhope-hoped, use-used以重读闭音节结尾的动词， 末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母，再 加-edstop-stopped, plan-planned以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-edstudy-studied, worry-woriieci(2) 一般过去时的用法 与过去时连用的时间状语有：last nig

10、ht, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1990, in the past, the other day, just now 等。表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：We visited a farm last Sunday.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表示，例 如：When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.I used to swim in the river when I was in the countr

11、yside.2. Simon looks worried because hea writing competition and now hes waiting fbr theresult.A. entersB. enteredC. will enterD. is enteringSome of my classmates an English play at the art festival two days ago.A. haveB. hadC. hasD. havingone of my old friends in the supermarket the other day.A. me

12、etB. meetsC. metD. meeting一般将来时（1）一般将来时的用法表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用句型为“主语+win/shall+”或者”be going to +”构成。常与表示将来的时间状语，如soon, tomorrow, next yean next time, in a few days等连用。其常用否认形式为“won、/ shall not”或者“be not going to +例如: We wont / shall not be free tonight.(2)几种表示将来含义的形式 助动词will (wont) +动词原形。例如：We won

13、t leave before 9 oclock.There will be a strong wind to the north of the Huai River.在疑问句中，当主语是第一人称时，常用助动词shall。例如：What shall we do in our English class tomorrow?注意：在下面几种情况下只可用shall (will)表示将来，而不可以用be going to结构。a.表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。例如：Will you please lend me your bike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗？b.表示带有意愿色

14、彩的时候。例如：We will help him if he asks us.如果他向我们求助，我们愿意帮助他。c.表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。例如：The sun will rise tomorrow morning.太阳将在明天早上升起。be going to +动词原形”表示即将发生某事或打算、计划做某事。例如: We are going to see a film this afternoon.There is going to be a party on Saturday evening.注意：当表示根据迹象推断肯定要发生的事(由指天气)时，此时不能用will替代。

15、例如：Look at the clouds, theres going to be a storm e, go, start, leave, return等少数动词常用一般现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好 的将来的行为。例如：The train leaves the station at 7:15.The whole family is going for two months. 在时间状语从句中和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来要发生的事。例如：I will give the note to him as soon as he conies back.6. My uncle to jo

16、in us in five days.A. will comeB esC. comeD. cameAccording to the weather report, there a heavy snow in the following two days .A. will beB.will haveC. is goingto beD. is going to haveBy the year 2020. the population much larger than il is today.A. areB.will haveC. will beD. is going todonl know if

17、he this afternoon. If he, let me know.A. comes, comes B. will come, comes C. will come, will come D. comes, comes一 现在进行时（1）现在分词ing的构成规那么类别构成方法例词一般情况加-inggo-going, ask-asking以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e,再加ingmake-making, write-writing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只 有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母，再加-ingget-getting, sit-sitting, put-putcing run-r

18、unning, begin-beginning（2）现在进行时的用法 表示此时此刻正在进行的的动作。其时间状语多为now或现在的具体时刻，或含有look,listen, watch之类的暗示词时，或从上下文语境中表达出来。例如：Be quiet! The little boy is sleeping.Look, Lucy is climbing the lemon tree.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。例如:The students are working on the farm these days.go, leave, arrive, start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。例如：

19、The bus is coining soon.10. Listen! Someone at the door.A. knocksB. is knockingC. knockingD. knockedDo you know where the twins are?Oh, they the basketball match on the playground.A. watchB. will watchC. are watching D. watchedThey ready for the coming test these days.A. are gettingB. getC. gotD. wi

20、ll getJim English at the moment.A. readingB. is readingC. readsD. read过去进行时（1）表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday 等，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。例如：I was reading when mother came in.（2）没有明显的时间标记词，通过上下文来判断出是过去某时正在进行的动作。例如：They all worked hard. Everybody knew

21、 what he was working for.（3）含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用。常用句型 如下： 主句（过去进行时）+when+从句（一般过去时）； 例如：He was watching TV when I got home yesterday. 主句（一般过去时）+while+从句（过去进行时）；例如： My mom came back while I was watching cartoon. 主句（过去进行时）+while+从句（过去进行时），表示两个动作同时进行，形成对 比。例如： While I was reading books,

22、my brother was playing games.11. I called you this morning, but nobody.I the flowers in my garden at that time.A. answered; wateringB. answering; was wateringC. answered; was wateringD. answered; watered12. Something terrible happened last night. A thief broke in my house while I.A. will sleepB. is

23、sleepingC. was sleepingD. slept13. While my brother football with his friends yesterday, my sister her homework.A. was playing; did B. played; was doing C. was playing; was doing D. played; did现在完成时(1)现在完成时的用法 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果。通常和副词never, ever, just, already, yet 等连用。例如：I have closed the door. My

24、 daughter has already eaten supper and finished her homework.注意：a. already用于肯定句中,表示“已经例如:They have already gone to America.b. yet用于疑问句句中，表示“已经”，用在否认句中，表示“还”。例如：1 havent received her letter yet.Have you finished your paper yet? 表示过去已经开始的，持续到现在的动作或状态。通常和时间状语before, recently, once, twice, for+时间段,since

25、+时间点,yet等连用。例如：We have lived here for two years. She has been with us since Monday.注意：for+时间段；since +时间点(有时候用由过去式构成的从句来表达时间点)【例题专练】用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland 2 years.2. Jill has been in Sydney he was a middle school student.3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days ago.4. Mary is in her

26、 office. She has been there 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting 2() minutes.（2）现在完成时的构成句型构成：肯定形式为have / has + done；其否认形式为havcnt/hasnt + done；疑问句型中，have/has作为助动词，直接放置句首。例如：Have you finished your homework yet?注意：现在完成时可和疑问词连用，但不能和when连用。故现在完成时里

27、对时间的提问不 用 When,而用 How long。例如：Where have you been?Why have you turned off the radio?How long have you been back?（3）短暂性动词和持续性动词的现在完成时假设后面没有时间状语“for +时间段，since +时间点”时，短暂性和持续性动词都可用于 现在完成时。例如：I have bought（短暂）a new computer. He has already lived （持续）in the small village. 假设后面有时间状语“for +时间段，since +时间点”时，

28、要用持续性动词或短暂性动词的 否认。例如：They have stayed （持续）in the village for 10 years.I have laught（持续）English at this school since 5 years ago.You havent received （短暂）her letter for 2 weeks.Wc havent left （短暂）China since 20 years ago.短暂性动词不能与“for +时间段，since +时间点”连用。假设要和他们连用，那么要将其做 出相应的转换。I have coinc here fbr 3 ye

29、ars, (x) I have been here fbr 3 ycars.( /) 常见的转换规那么：转换规那么例词对应例句1、动词变动词borrow / lend keptShe has borrowed(kept) the magazine since two weeks ago.catch* hadKate has caught (had) a cold for one day.buy* hadIve bought (had) this radio fbr 3 years.put on woniHe has put on (worn) the new coat for a week.2

30、、变为“be+adj”leave / gobeen awayThey have lefl(been away) for one year.open* been openThe factory has opened(been open) since 1990.die* been deadThat old man has died(been dead) for three years.marrybeen marriedThey have been married fbr ten years.3、变为“be+adv.start / begin been onThe film has begun (b

31、een on) for 8 minutes.get up been upHe has gone up(been up) more than two hours.finish* been overThe football match has finished(been over) for (wo hours.4、变为“be+介词短语”join* been in/ been a member (of)Her father has joined (been in) the Party for ten years.move been out (of)Jims family have inovcd(bc

32、cn out of) here fbr over 2 e/ become/They have come to(been in) this school since 1990.arrivebccn(in)近义词辨析：have been to, have gone to, have been ina. have gone 2意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。例如：Mr Wang isnt here. He has gone to Qingdao.王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。b. have been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后

33、可接 次数(如once, twice, three limes等)表示“去过某地几次”,也可和just, never, ever等连 用。例如：My father has been to Beijing iwice.我父亲去过北京两次。(我父亲现在不在北京了 )I have never been to the Great wall.我从未去过长城。c. have been in表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。例如：I have been in Australia for three years.我至ij澳大利亚已有三:年了。18. China several rockets into

34、 space so far.A. has sentB. will sendC. sentD. was sending19. Tom, can I borrow your book CHICKEN SOUP?-Sorry, Iit to Mary.A. lentB.have lent20. My brotherjustt(A. will; goB. has; goneC. lendD. was lending)Japan. He wont be back until next week.C. did; goD. was; going21. The train fbr ten minutes. Y

35、ou have to take another one.A. has goneB. has leftC. has been awayD. went away课堂训练1. 一Lets discuss the plan, shall we?A. goB. went一Not now. Ito an interview.C. am goingD. was going2. Where were you last Saturday?A. amB. will he3. May I speak to the headmaster?A. is havingB. hadIin the Capital Museum

36、.C. wasD. have beenHea meeting now. Can I take a message?C. hasD. will have4.1 Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didnt hear fromC. wont hear fromB. dont hear fromD. havent heard fromIf our government attention (o controlling food safety now, our health in danger.A.wont pay; isB. doesnt pay; is

37、 C. wont pay; will be D. doesnt pay; willbe5. I cant find Ted fbr three days. Where is he?He Beijing for a meeting.A. has been toB. has gone toC. have been toD. have gone toLucy a student last year, but now she a teacher.A. is; isB. was； isC. was； will beD. is； wasWere you at home at 9:00 last night

38、? I called you but nobody answered.Sorry, I at that time.B. took a showerA. take a showerC. was taking a showerD. am taking a shower6. Mum, I cant find my shoes.Hurry up! Your father fbr us.A. is waitingB. waitedC. waitsD. will waitI was at the cinema at nine oclock yesterday evening. What about you

39、?ITV at home.A. am watchingB. was watching C. will watchD. watchedMr Wang isnt here, I think he Guiyang.A. has gone toB. has been toC. goesD. went What did the teacher say just now?Sorry, I didnt hear it, 1 out of the window.A. lookB. lookedC. am lookingD. was lookingBen is a foreign teacher. So far

40、, he in Shiyan fbr five years.A. was teachingB. has taughtC. will teachD. taughtWhats his brother?He is a teacher. He maths at a school.D. will leachD. has been toA. taughtB. has taughtC. teaches一Where is Mr Black? I have something important to tell him.You cant find him. He Hong Kong.A. will go toB

41、. would go toC. has gone toI wonder if the psychologist will come to our school this weekend. If he , we will be very excited.A. comeB. comesC. will comeD. cameDo you know the moving story of Jack and Rose?一Of course. I the film Titanic several times.A. seeB. sawC. have seenD. had seenWould you like to watch the thrcc-D film Titanic with me?Certainly. I dont mind seeing it again although I it twice.A. sawB. was seenC. have seenD. had seenIf the robot wrong, you can get a new one for free or get all your money back.