现代大学英语(第二版) 精读2 第1单元知识点.docx

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1、Unit 1Text A Another School YearWhat For?Part 1 BackgroundI . About the auth慎Rn Ciardi (191986)A. His life:a child of Italian immigrants, BostonBegan his career teaching English at the University of Kansas City Joined the US AirForce in 1942, served as a gunner in fighter planes went on to teach at

2、HarvardUniversity in 1946in 1953 accepted a position at Rutgers Universityin 1961, gave up teaching and devoted himself to his own literary endeavorsB. His influence:Poet, translator, etymologist Majorworks:First book of poeHisiiEward to America 1940Other Skiei focusing on liimcexpcrience, 1947How D

3、oes a Poem Mean, a standard textbook for high school and college poetry co Translation of DantDiine Comedy(The Infenp 1954The Purgatorp 1961 The Paradiso, 1970)Influence:A very popular poetPoetry editorSofurday Rcvierom 1956 to 1972Fellow of the NationalAcademy of Arts and Sciencesand a member and f

4、ormer president of the National Institute of Arts and LettersIL GenreOrientation speechperiod of time al the beginning of the academionjsQrsityaduring which a variety of eventsare heldto orientand welcome new students. Thoeiieiitatiolinelps newstudentsto organizetheiiclasses9cclimateto studentlifeun

5、d introducdhcmsclvcstoothcrncw students. Speeches arc often given at orientation by presidents or acclaimed profes university.Audience: College freshmenStyle: colloquial, familiar; first humorous, mildly sarcastic; later serious and eab34. penetrating adj. showing the ability to understand things（:怕

6、1丫深蒯的时!泊9Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? （para.6）在家里你的孩子能 受到一些理智而又深邃的想法的熏陶吗？（2ofsb.esyesorthcway thcylookatyou）making you fccluncomfortablcbccauscthc person seems to know what you are thi由廉或眼神）锐利的；犀利的；尖利的（of a sound or voice） loud and能碰嗓音）响亮的；尖厉的spreading

7、deeply or wid郑疑勺;渗透的 Collocatio:na penetrating comment/critici$m/qu概减I评论；入木三分的批评；尖锐的问题a penetrating gaze/look/J|瞬切的凝视目光注视the penetrating cold/d釉属的寒气；很重的湿气 Cognate: penelralev.穿过；洞察；渗透penelrationn.穿透；渗透penelrativeadj.深入的；彻底的penetrable崂可被穿透的；能穿透的35. preside v. to lead; to be in由期前会议、仪式等）；担任（会议）主席Willy

8、ou be presiding over a familymthntains some contact with the great democratic intellect? （par鄢 为）一家之主，你能让你的家人对我们伟大的民主思想有所了解吗？ Collocalion:lhe presiding ju啮席法官preside at/over Synonym: chair v担任（会议、讨论等的）主席；主持（会议、讨论等）36. professional adjrelatingothework thatapersondoesforan occupationsp.work thatrequir

9、es special trainflfilk 的；专业的. during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills, （para.5）在这八小时里，你会 使用你的专业技术。 n. a person who does a job that needs special training and a high 1 面education员； 专业人士 ； 专 家 Cognate: professionn.Rl/pursuit n.something that you give your time and energy to

10、, that yoThey are all useful pursuits.这）就图）非常有用的职业。 the act of trying to achieve sth. in a det通茄 the act of following or chas追赶5b跟踪；追捕 Collocatio:nin hoi pursu寒不舍outdoor/leisure/artistic pjS3期误加 pursuit ；休闲活动；业余爱好。强臬物-10.37. qualified adj. having suitable knowledge or experience required for a part

11、副lar job 备的学历（或资质）It would not read: QualiflSdiRillhg Technician, （pa而S）是玲格的药齐师; Collocado:n be qualified for有的资格，适合担任be highly/suitably/fully完全符合资格* Cognate qualify v取得资格成学历）；合格qualificati啖格；资历；学历raise v.（AmE ） to care for a child or young animal until it is abl抚葬;t培育itselfWhat sort of family are y

12、ou raising?伽瀛韩）育你的孩子？ to lift or move sth. to a h崂并;提起 to increase the amount or level增加微量、水平等） to bring or collect money or people together; to manage tolh.召集； 组建 Collocalio:nraise salaries/prices才箍薪水价格税金raise ones hope/vjg人的希望提高某人的嗓门raise money/an an博钱组建军队38. rear v. to care for a person or an ani

13、mal until they a林养喙氤）“培养 Along with everything else, and rears your children, （para.5）除此之外，抚养你的子女。n. the back part；后部的 adj at or near the back Collocatioi rear sb./sth. on h.（）0;（以娱乐，to#the front and thebring up the 值庭队尾;殿后sth. rears its （ugly）Wlffi的事C情壮观 发生 Cognate: rearingnft#;养育；培养 Synonym: raise

14、 v.抚养;培育;养育resources n. possessions in the form of wealth, property, skills etc.斑at you h 源；财力so it is true of mankinds spiritual resoup&精喇2也是如此。 Collocatiom human/natural resourc表力自然资源poolthe resourc翼P 资源39. sensitiveadj.able to understand or appreciate art, music,感魂解的ir艺术感觉好的；有悟性的Will there be a p

15、ainting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shudderin 会有一幅能让一个具有一定鉴赏力的人看了不至于不寒而栗的画吗？-11. aware of and able to understand other people and th楸占触I体里1 的；善解人意的easily offended or u阂线气的；易被惹恼的；神经过敏的 reacting quickly or more than usua敏固Jh.过敏的Collocatio:n a sensitive port栩B如生的画像 be sensitive to油.敏

16、感；对过敏be sensitive aboul璇.过敏 Cognate sensilivily.体贴；敏感的觉悟 Antonym: insensilivea4j沫意识到的；漠不关心的shudder v.lo shake uncontrollably for a m因1寒冷(、害怕或激动而)发抖，打颤，战栗Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering?会有一幅能让1K 具有一定鉴赏力的人看了不至于不寒而栗的画吗？(of a vehicle, machine, etc.) to

17、shake冬通U最d机(器等)强烈的震动、剧烈弼斗动 Collocatio:n shudder with/at 而发抖shudder to think想.到就发抖40. skilln. particular ability or type。员. during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills, (para.5)在这八小时里，你会 使用你的专业技术。 the ability to do stl鼓底J技艺 Collocaliai skill in/at sth./doi微.slh3技巧Cognate: skiU

18、fijlMj.技术好的；制作精良的；处理巧妙的skilled 可有技能的；熟练的41. specializev. to spend most of your time studying one particular与或从事)；专政It would certify that he specialized in pharmacy, . (para.2) 这份证书证明他接受过制药的专门训练 Cognate: special药特别的；特殊的；专用的 specializedadj.专用的；专业的；专门的 specialization.特殊化;专门化42. specimen n.(hear)a perso

19、nwho isunusualinsome way and has a qualityofa particulakrind 具有特性的人；的典型New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. (pa 我当时虽然是个初出茅庐的新教师，可我也能告诉这位一些理由。-12- a small amount of sth. that shows what the rest郴晶;t*林;i标本a signal example of sth.specially an animal龙指就蒯物的)(单一

20、实例 Synonym: sample n样本；样品spiritualadjrelated to your spirit rather than to your body心灵的. so it is true of mankinds spiritual resources1人神)资源也是如itto Collocatio:n spiritual welf也理健康 your spiritual ho精e神家园 Cognate: spiritn.精神spiritualitny精神性storev. tokee忙存；贮藏；保存Most of these resources, both technical a

21、nd spiritual, are stored in books, (para 这些资源，无论是技 术上的，还是精神上的，大局部都储存在书本里。 n. a large shop that sells many different Collocatio:nstore sth. away/储存；储藏；保存set/put (great) store时为盾.重(，重视(某事物) 49. stuck adj.not knowing what to do in a particular褫画函(为某事)犯愁.bccauseyougoingtobebadlystuckforsomethingtodo whe

22、n yourootsigning checks, (para.8) 因为除了签购物支票，你就不会知道怎么打发时间。unable to move or to be mo够不了 ；无法移动；卡住；陷住 Collocatio:n get stuck in/get stuck入th起劲地干起某事；(尤指)大吃起来sufficev. to be enoug0?;足以They will be your income, and may it always suffice, (para.5)它们将成为你的收入来源，但愿你的收入永远够用。 Collocatio:nsuffice to do区某事suffice

23、(it) to say (由密说；只需说就够了 Cognate: sufficiency!.足量，充足sufficientMj足够的50. unaided adj. without help from anyone or anyth独值的;无外援的No one gets to be a human being unaided. (para. 10)没有一个 人能够不经帮助就成为一个真正的人。 Cognate aid n.l.帮助；援助Part 3 Text AnalysisL Theme: What is the purpose of university education? Univers

24、ity education has a two-fold purposeTo provide students with technical & professional training To educate students to become civilized human beings-13-II. StructurePart I: Story (P由灰 1The writers encounter with a student and his failure to convince him that a phanna needs to read great writers.Part

25、II: Argument Rri浦9the twfold purpose of university educationDetailed AnalysisPart I:A. Main IdeaRetell the teachers encounter with the student.Occasion, students appearance & question, what the teacher has in mind and what says, students responseWhat is the students attitude towards reading Shakespe

26、are and towards the teacher? textual evidence.What is the teachers attitude towards the student? Find textual evidence.How does the teacher try to explain to the student the importance of reading literal How do you understandtheteacherdifferentiatafithethreeeighthoursand his emphasis on the last thi

27、rd besides work and sleep?B. Sentence ParaphraseL .I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Ka City, (para.l) .I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kans2. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in aiiMM

28、gsioseschool, but in a collegeand thatattheend ofhiscoursehe meant to reach fora scrollthatread Bachelor of Science, (para.2)I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical sch doing a B.S. at a university.3. It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, b

29、ut it would further certify that had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history, (para.2 The B. S. certificate would be official proof that the holder had special knowledge of but it would also prove that he/shc had learned/absorbed some profound ideas of the pasI cou

30、ld have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasnt going to be around enough for it to matter, (para.3)I didnt actually say all this to him, because I didnt think he would stay at collcg so it wouldnt be important whether or not he knew what university education was fbr.-14.4. You will se

31、e to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesnt fence, or that your client doesnt go to the electric chair as a result of your inc You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you are a pharmacist, you sh sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As

32、an engineer, you should that the fence you design for instance will successfully keep out bulls. If you bee you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.Part II:A. Main IdeaHow does the writer present his argument

33、imdt|iar?Education is an essential part of the purpose of university & the consequence o to be educated In order to be educated, one needs to learn from the past (example: MIT)Books are an important carrier of the past, and provide people with a variety oThe mission of university is to educate the s

34、tudents.B. Sentence ParaphraseIf you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continu the finearts,for that lessonof mandevelopment we callhistorythenyou have no business being in college, (para.9) If you dont want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studyin

35、g a littl philosophy, the fine arts and history, you shouldnt be studying here at college.1. You areon your way tobeingthatnew speciesofmechanized savage,the push-button Neanderthal, (para.9)You will soon become an uneducated, ignorant person who can only work machines and mechanical equipment, not

36、knowing anything about literature, philosophy, history, orOur colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said they went to college; rather the college went through themwithout making contact. A number of such piHbhuttnn savages get college degrees. We cannot help that

37、. But even their degrees, we cant say that these people have received a proper college educat accurate to say that they pass through college without learning anything.2. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself every thing one know in order to be a civilized human, (para.1

38、0)To become a civilized person, we need to acquire the knowledge and experience passed us. One lifetime is too short to invent everything we need to become civilized.-15-And asthisistrueofthetechniquesofmankind, soitistrueofmankind,sspiritual resources, (para. 12)This is the way we learn and develop

39、 the techniques of mankind. This is also how we inh and advance mankinds spiritual resources.3. The faculty, by its very existence, says implicitly: We have been aided by many peopl and by many books, in our attempt to make ourselves some sort of storehouse of human expericncc. (para.14) The existen

40、ce of the faculty of the liberal arts college itself says clearly: In our our faculty a place where our students can experience a variety of life they dont hav live themselves, we get a lot of help from many people and books, present and past.”Part 4 Language Focus1. Phrases & Expressions. be fresh

41、out of/from come from a particular place; having just had a particu experience1 new to shuityet familiar with sth. because you have only just started, arrived, etc. 3. mean to do stin:intend to do sth.4. reach for stdmyto obtain sth.5. specialize io:become an expert in a particular area of study, wo

42、rk or businessbe exposed to (usu. a new idea or 缸曲凌电experience of, or introduced to 7. be aroundto be present in place; to be available8. average out(:infbnnal) to come to an average or ordinary level or stand 9. be employed(in doing s(kitten) to spend your time doing sth.10. go throught:oexperience

43、 or suffer sth.11. or whatcvcr(:informal) or sth. of a similar type 12. see to fa make sure13. along within addition to sb./sth.; in the same way as sb./sth. 14. do with (inquestion with MxhalK史action with regard to 15. presider (xetiabe in charge or tocontrol a meeting or an event 16. be out to do

44、sth./fotoste.trying to get or do sth.17. be stuck for stilDknow what to do in a particular situationhave no business doing sth./have no business to duKstruright to do sth.; shouldnt have been/be doing sth.18. on the/ones Wcentochepoint of experiencing or achievingget to be/to do Miuaich the point at

45、 which you are/feel/know sth.-16.19. (the) chances are 中hte likely(be) true of (a person or a sfcLEpti23. add toto increase24. in esscnctxisically, by nature(be) here to do ssbd:to show oaefole in a situationIL GrammarA.一般将来时(Future indefinite tense)1. will/shall do表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。shall用于第一人称，will用于

46、所有人称。He will graduate from the college next year.注意：win用于条件句中，不表将来，表示“意愿”。If she will listen to me, Ill give her some advice.2. be going to do。表示说话人的意图或打算(早已决定好的打算) Im going to clean the kitchen this afternoon.注意：be going豉示事先经过考虑或安排的将来，而will表示临时作出的决定。-It is a really a big sterfewill help you to move

47、 it.表示有迹象表 明要发生的动作。It looks as if it is going to rain.3. be about to do。译为“即将或正要做某事”，不可与具体的时间状语连用。The train is about to leave.0 be about to do.w憧时.冈嗖就ffiS时(二be on the point of doing.when.) He is about to goout when the phone rang.4. be to doQ表示预先安排好的计划或约定。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

48、(2)表示说话人的职责、义务、命令等(二must/shoiild )You arc to hand in your application form within three days.表示注定 要发生的事情。Her plan is to be failure.(4)如果用于条件句中，就表示假设、打算或意图。The flowers must be watered if they arc to survive.5. 一般现在时表将来：Q由连词when, befog等引导的时间状语从句、if,unless引导的表示将来行为的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来-17.r 11 write to her when I have time. Turn off the lights before you leave.0在no mat