2022-2023学年辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体2022-2023学年度上学期期中高三年级英语试题考试时间：120分钟 试卷总分：150分注意事项:1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在 本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题

2、。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where is Jennifer working now?A. In a college.B. In a hospital.C. In a drug store.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Where are you working now, Jennifer? Still in the hospital?W: No, I left the hospital and I refused the job at the drug

3、store. Tm working as a teacher in a medical college now.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man advise the woman to buy?A. A red skirt.B. A white sweater.C. A pair of blue jeans.【答案】A【解析】【原文】 W: Im thinking of buying my daughter a pair of blue jeans for her birthday.M: If I were you, I would buy a re

4、d skirt. It goes really well with her white sweater.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the probable relationship between the speakers?After two months research, Rao designed a small and portable device that used sensors to instantly detect lead in water. Called Tethys, after the Greek Goddess（女神）of freshw

5、ater, it attaches to a cellphone and informs the residents via an app if their drinking water contains lead. The design earned her the 3M Young Scientist Challenge in 2017. She is currently working with scientists and medical professionals to test Tethys* potential and hopes the device will be ready

6、 for commercial use by 2022.Later, Rao took on another social issue-drug addiction. Her app, called Epione, which won the Health Pillar Prize at the TCS Ignite Innovation Student Challenge in May 2019, is designed to catch drug addiction in young adults before its too late.More recently, the teenage

7、r has developed an app named Kindly, which uses artificial intelligence technology to detect possible signs of cyberbullying（网上欺凌）.When users type in a word or phrase, Kindly is able to pick it up if its bullying, and then it gives the option to edit it or send it the way it is. It gives them the ch

8、ance to rethink what they are saying so that they know what to do next time.All kinds of awesome, Gitanjali Rao has been selected from 5,000 equally impressive nominees（被提名人）for TIME Magazines first-ever “Kid of the Year”.24. What gave Rao the idea of inventing the device Tethys?A. The incident of l

9、ead pollution.B. The issue with drug addiction.C. The shortage of water supplies.D. The high cost of purifying water.25. What is Rao expecting of Tethys?A. Itll remove metal from water.B. Itll make it to market soon.C. Itll win her a higher prize.D. Ifll be fitted to cellphones.26. What will Kindly

10、allow users to do?A. Receive pre-warning signals of threat.B. Input words into a computer automatically.C. Choose from secure social networking sites.D. Weigh their words before posting them online.27. Which of the following can best describe Gitanjali Rao as a young scientist?A. Ambitious and humbl

11、e.B. Optimistic and adventurous.C. Talkative and outstanding.D. Creative and productive.【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 27. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。青少年发明家Gitanjali Rao从10岁开始就一直在为解决世界问题而想出各种 创新解决方案，本文介绍了她的三种发明和她所获得的荣誉。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段In the third grade, Rao was inspired to build a device after witnessing the sho

12、cking story unfold in Flint, Michigan, where cost-cutting measures led to the use of a polluted river as the citys primary water supply and incredibly high levels of lead made their way into peoples drinking water., （在上三年级时， 拉 奥目睹了密歇根州弗林特市发生的一件令人震惊的事情，他受此启发设计了一个装置。弗林特市的成本削 减措施导致一条被污染的河流成为该市的主要水源，人们的

13、饮用水中铅的含量高得令人难以置信。）并结合 文章下段关键句“Called Tethys, after the Greek Goddess of freshwater, it attaches to a cellphone and informs the residents via an app if their drinking water contains lead.”（它被命名为 Tethys,取自希腊的淡水女神。它附 着在手机上，通过应用程序通知居民他们的饮用水是否含铅。）可知，铅污染事故使得Rao萌发出发明Tethys 装置的想法。故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键

14、句She is currently working with scientists and medical professionals to test Tethys1 potential and hopes the device will be ready for commercial use by 2022.” （她目前正在与科学家和医学专 业人士合作，测试Tethys的潜力，并希望该设备能在2022年投入商业使用。）可知，Rao希望Tethys能够 尽快投入市场。故选B项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句When users type in a word or phras

15、e. Kindly is able to pick it up if itfs bullying, and then it gives the option to edit it or send it the way it is. It gives them the chance to rethink what they are saying so that they know what to do next time.（当用户输入一个单词或短语时，Kindly能够识别出它是否具 有欺侮性，然后它会提供编辑或按其方式发送的选项。这给了他们重新思考自己所说的话的机会，这样他 们就知道下次该怎么做

16、了。）可知，Kindly让用户在发表自己的话语之前，先衡量下他们的话语是否合适。 故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文中第二段In the third grade, Rao was inspired to build a device after witnessing the shocking story unfold in Flint, Michigan”（在上三年级时，拉奥目睹了密歇根州弗林特市发生的一件令人震惊的事情， 她受此启发设计了一个装置）描述GitanjaliRao通过目睹的一场事故从而发明了一种装置可知，Rao是富有 创造力的；又根据她发明的“Tethys”,“Epion

17、e”及“Kindly”并结合文章第一段关键句“The 15-year-old girl has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten., （这个 15 岁的女孩从 10 岁 起就一直在为世界各地的问题想出创新解决方案。）可知，她又是一个多产的发明家。故选D项。CNearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear

18、 little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing envir

19、onment-harming chemicals.One of the companies is ecoRobotix of SwitzerLand. It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of weeds. Computer-controlled arms then lower and spray the weeds with smal

20、l amounts of herbicide（除草齐（J）. Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smart-p

21、hone.The co-founder of ecoRobotix, Aurelien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers o

22、ver massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.Another company developing farm robotics is California-based Blue River Technology. The company has a system called See & Spray”, which it claims was the worlds first smart sprayer. The system-which connects to the back of a tractor-is also equipped with

23、AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vice-president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facia

24、l recognition. nThe first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didnt know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now its an expert in pigweed. n 28. How will AI benefit agriculture?A. It will fund agriculture research.B. It contribute

25、s to low-cost farming.C. It can avoid harmful chemicals.D. It frees all farmers from field work.29. What do the products of the two companies have in common?A. They use recognition technology.B. They are powered by solar energy.C. They are connected with smart phones.D. They can help wanted plants g

26、row rapidly.30. What do Ben Chostnefs words suggest about the robot?A. It is environmentally-friendly.B. It is good at self-improving.C. It has the learning ability.D. It can track various plants.31. What is mainly talked about in the text?A. The experiment in farming robots.B. New trend in artifici

27、al intelligence.C. Modern See & Spray technology.D. Artificial intelligence in agriculture.【答案】28.B29. A 30. C 31. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。农业是研究和开发人工智能的重要行业之一。文章介绍了两家公司正在开发的 高科技工具，可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少对环境有害的化学物质。【28题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第一段 One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intel

28、ligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals.（农业是研究和开发人工智能的重要行业之一。公司正在试验 高科技工具，可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少对环境有害的化学物质。）由此推断出，人工智能通 过降低成本造福农业，故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段 One of the companie

29、s is ecoRobotix of SwitzerLand, It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm （其中一家公司是瑞士的 ecoRobotix,它创造了一个配备人 工智能和摄像头的机器人，可以识别农场里的所有植物）和最后一段The system-which connects to the back of a tractor-is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds.（

30、该系统连接到拖拉机的后部， 也配备了人工智能来识别和化学杀灭杂草。）可知，这两家公司的产品的共同之处是他们使用识别技术，故 选Ao【30题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段 Ben Chostner, vice-president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. nThe first t

31、ime the machine saw a pigweed, it didnt know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now its an expert in pigweed. * （Blue River Technology负责业务开发的副总Ben Chostner在一段公司视频中解释称，See & Spray Technology使用了与 人脸识别相同的深度学习方法。“机器第一次看到杂草时，它不知道那是什么

32、植物。但是我们通过给它成千 上万的例子来教它一一现在它是猪草方面的专家J）由此推断出，Ben Chostner的话表明这个机器人有学习 能力，故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。第一段 One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture.（农业是研究和开发人工智能（AI）的重要行业之一。）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇 文章主要讲了农业中的人工智能，故选D。【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断

33、和推理，从而得出文章 的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格 依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的 词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题3,答案定位在最后 一段 Ben Chostner, vice-president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the

34、 same deep Learning methods used in facial recognition. nThe first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didnt know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now its an expert in pigweed. H （Blue River Technology 负责业务开发的副 Ben Chostner在一段公

35、司视频中解释称，See & Spray Technology使用了与人脸识别相同的深度学习方法。“机器 第一次看到杂草时，它不知道那是什么植物。但是我们通过给它成千上万的例子来教它一一现在它是猪草 方面的专家J）由此推断出，Ben Chostner的话表明这个机器人有学习能力，故选C。DCrying is generally associated with negative emotions like being sad or frustrated, making this natural emotional state something that many people try to av

36、oid. Yet a new study, which sought to better understand the physiological function of shedding tears, suggests that crying is actually kind of good for you. Specifically, it turns out that crying supports the regulation（调控）of breathing during a stressful event.Sharman headed the research and said cr

37、ying was previously thought to help humans deal with stressful situations, which led them to testing the idea. Researchers invited 197 undergraduate students to watch sad videos for 17 minutes. About half of them ended up crying. All of the students then participated in the Cold Pressor Stress Test.

38、 Researchers monitored their heart and respiration activity during this stress test.Researchers were surprised when they found that those who cried were not better able to deal with the stress test than those who did not cry. However, they did come across an unexpected finding: evidence that partici

39、pants who cried were better able to regulate their breathing.“Firstly, crying doesnt seem to provide any change to stress hormones（激素）or our ability to deal with physical stress to a degree that might be meaningful if you hurt yourself. Secondly, what was our main finding, is that crying seems to as

40、sist in keeping our body stable and calm by slowing down and regulating our breathing and our heart rate J Sharman told PsyPost.However, there are some limitations to the findings. We dont know if these reactions are typical in real-world settings where you might be crying because of sadness or loss

41、, for example, or if there are differences if someone else is present with you when you cry, “ Sharman said.32. What does the underlined word “respiration“ in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Breathing.B. Brain.C. Blood-pressure.D. Muscle.33. Why did the researchers do the research?A. To help people to avoid neg

42、ative emotions.B. To better understand breathing in stressful situations.C. To find out whether people cry when watching sad videos.D. To prove an already existing thought about crying.34. What can we infer from the passage?A. That crying helps regulate breathing was found accidentally.B. Sharman is

43、 sure that the research findings agree with reality.C. Crying is very helpful for us to deal with stress.D. The undergraduate students are more likely to cry.35. Where can you probably read the passage?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A travel brochure.D. A research report.【答案】32.A33. D

44、 34. A 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现哭泣对人是有好处的，可以支持在有压力的实践中调解自己 的呼吸，缓解压力，并介绍了该项研究的局限性。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据首段中的尾句 “Specifically, it turns out that crying supports the regulation（调控）of breathing during a stressful event.（具体来说，事实证明，在压力事件中，哭泣支持呼吸的调控。）”可知，该项研究发 现在一些有压力的重大活动中，哭泣对呼吸有调节作用。因此在介绍研究过程时，研究者监视的是参与者 的心

45、脏与呼吸活动。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Sharman headed the research and said crying was previously thought to help humans deal with stressful situations, which led them to testing the idea.（Sharman 领导了这项研究，并表示以前人们认为 哭泣可以帮助人类应对压力情况，这促使他们测试了这个想法。）”可知，导致他们进行测试的原因是以前 有人认为哭泣有助于缓解压力。故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 uHowe

46、ver, they did come across an unexpected finding: evidence that participants who cried were better able to regulate their breathing.（然而,他们确实有了 一个意想不到的发现：有证据表明哭泣的 参与者能够更好地调节呼吸。）”的unexpected findings可知，该项研究是一项意外的发现。故选A项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中的 “Crying is generally associated w汕 negative emotions like being

47、 sad or frustrated, making this natural emotional state something that many people try to avoid.（哭泣通常与悲伤或沮丧等负面情绪 有关，这使得这种自然的情绪状态成为许多人试图避免的事情。）”以及本文介绍的研究成果是哭泣有利于 人在压力活动中调节呼吸，进而有益于自己的身体健康，由此可推断，该类文章应该出现在与健康相关的 期刊杂志中。故选B项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nowadays we al

48、l have hundreds of Facebook firiends”. 36 Studies show that even if people have thousands of Facebook friends, they usually only keep close relationship with a few people in real life. So, what are the signs of your true friendships? Lefs read on and find out the answer.True friends stick with you t

49、hrough both good and bad times. In hard times, a true friend will never leave you in the shadow alone. 37 Fake friends often fail you because they only want to stick around when things go well for you, and feel like helping you through your problems is a burden for them.38 To know whether youre dealing with a tr