2022-2023学年福建省百校联考高三上学期第一次联考英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、高三英语试卷注意事项:L答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。如需改动,2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试 卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10

2、秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.B.9.18. C. 9.15.答案是c。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the woman going to do?A. Help the man.B. Take a bus.C. Get a camera.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Excuse me, do you have time to help take a picture for us?W: Oh, Im sorry. Tve got to catch a bus.2 .【此处

3、可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Nurse and patient.C. Boss and employee.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Could you please explain the homework for Monday again, Mr Smith?M: Certainly. Read the next chapter and prepare to discuss what you have read.主旨大意题。根据第二段 u A

4、fter graduation from the art school in 1957, Yu began his professional career at the Chinese Painting Institute of Jiangsu. He has since published a series of art collections. Since 1959, Yu has contributed a series of works to many important sites. Yus works have also been displayed in a range of n

5、ational and international exhibitions. From 1986 to 1997, he held his exhibitions in such places as Beijing, Guangzhou and New York. Both the themes and artistic techniques have won widespread praise in the past years. （1957 年从艺术学校毕 业后，喻在江苏中国画学院开始了他的职业生涯。此后，他出版了一系列艺术作品集。自1959年以来，喻 为许多重要遗址贡献了一系列作品。喻的

6、作品也在一系列国家和国际展览中展出。从1986年到1997年，他 在北京、广州和纽约等地举办了展览。在过去的几年里，无论是主题还是艺术技巧都赢得了广泛的赞誉）” 可知，本段主要讲述了喻在绘画方面的艺术成就。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的 “While observing traditional rules, he uses accurate lines, powerful brush movements as well as the interplay between dark and light to represent the harmony of nature. Thou

7、gh he adopts a realistic style, he tries to enrich his works with spiritual beauty through his brush.（在遵守传统规则的同时，他使用精确的线条、 有力的笔刷动作以及黑暗和光明之间的相互作用来代表自然的和谐。虽然他采用了现实主义的风格，但他 试图通过笔触来丰富自己的作品，使之具有精神美）”可知，喻的绘画风格结合了传统的规则和现实主义风 格。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的 “In addition to artistic creation, Yu has devoted himsel

8、f to promoting his painting style as the cultural heritage of China. Art is part of my life/9 Yu says. I am proud to be a flower-bird painter. I hope to create a bright future for it through my efforts.” （除了艺术创作之外，喻还致力于将他的绘画风格作为中国的文 化遗产加以推广。喻说：“艺术是我生活的一部分“作为一名花鸟画家，我感到很自豪。我希望通过我 的努力，为它创造一个美好的未来J ）”推知

9、，喻希望他的绘画风格被传承下去。故选A。CThe rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a swiftly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means

10、such as seed dispersal（传播）by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometre of the original plant.When the climate in a plants usual range becomes hotter than it can tolerate, it must find new, cooler areas that might lie many kilometres aw

11、ay. One explanation for long-distance seed dispersal is through transport by migratory （迁徙的）birds. Such birds swallow seeds when eating fruit and can move them tens or hundreds of kilometres outside the range of a plant species.Gonzaiez-Vary and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pac

12、e with rapid climate change with the help of migratory birds. The authors analysed the fruiting times of plants, patterns of bird migration and the interactions between fruit-eating birds and fleshy-fruited plants across Europe. Plants with fleshy fruits were chosen for this study because most of th

13、eir seed transport is by migratory birds, and because fleshy-fruited plants are an important part of the woody-plant community in Europe. The common approach until now has been to predict plant dispersal using models fitted to abiotic 俳生物的）factors such as the current climate. Gonzaiez-Vary instead a

14、nalysed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe. The researchers also analysed DNA traces from bird wastes to identify the plants and birds respon

15、sible for seed dispersal.28. How do species adapt to climate changes when its too hot?A. All animals will move away across great distanced.B. Some plants depend on migratory birds to carry seeds.C. Some plants depend on animals, wind or water to move.D. Plants seeds disperse to cooler places of seve

16、ral kilometres away. 29. Why did researchers mainly study fleshy-fruited plants?A. Most of these cant fit rapid climate change B. Migratory birds like making nests in them C. Migratory birds transport their seeds.D. They are favoured by most birds.30. Why does the author mention fleshy fruits and “f

17、ruiting times, in paragraph 3?A. To explain relations between fruit plants and migratory birds.B. To clarify the reason why birds migrate in fruiting times.C. To present a fact that migratory bird eats flesh fruits.D. To show that fruits depend on migratory birds. 31. What is the text mainly about?A

18、. The advantage of fruit plants.B. The destination of the bird migration.C. The adaptation of fruit plants to the climate change.D. The influence of climate change on plants and animals.【答案】28. B29. C 30. A 31. C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了植物是如何适应气候变化的。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 “One explanation for long-distance se

19、ed dispersal is through transport by migratory（迁徙的）birds. Such birds swallow seeds when eating fruit and can move them tens or hundreds of kilometres outside the range of a plant species.（对种子长距离传播的一种解释是通过候鸟的运输。这样的鸟在吃水果的时候会吞 下种子，并能把种子带到植物物种的活动范围之外几十或几百公里的地方）”可知，植物会通过候鸟迁徙将 其种子传播到远方，植物通过这种方式来适应过热的气候。故选

20、B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 u Plants with fleshy fruits were chosen for this study because most of their seed transport is by migratory birds, and because fleshy-fruited plants are an important part of the woody-plant community in Europe.（选择肉质果实植物进行这项研究，因为它们的种子大部分是由候鸟运输的，而且肉质果实植物是 欧洲木本植物群落的重要组成部分）”可知，该

21、研究选择将肉质果实植物作为研究对象主要是因为是它们的 种子是由候鸟运输的。故选C项。【30题详解】推理判断题。第三段首句 u Gonzaiez-Vary and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change with the help of migratory birds.（Gonzaiez-Vary和他的同事报告了植物如何在候鸟的帮助下能够 跟上快速的气候变化）”提到植物在候鸟的帮助下跟上快速的气候变化，结合本段中“The authors analysed the fruit

22、ing times of plants, patterns of bird migration and the interactions between fruit-eating birds and fleshy-fruited plants across Europe4作者分析了欧洲各地植物的结果期、鸟类迁徙的模式以及以水果为食的鸟类和肉质果实 植物之间的相互作用）”可知，本段提到“肉质果实”和“结果期”是为了找出植物的果实与候鸟迁徙之间 的联系，这样候鸟迁徙才能帮助植物果实传播，从而跟上气候变化。故选A项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段首句 Gonzaiez-Vary an

23、d colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change with the help of migratory birds.（Gonzaiez-Vary 和他的同事报告了 植物如何在候 鸟的帮助下能够跟上快速的气候变化）”可知，本文主要介绍了植物是如何适应气候变化的。故选C项。DIs it possible for the human heart to shrink （缩小）and if so, how does this change impact the human body?Re

24、cently, scientists have discovered an unexpected similarity between long-distance swimming and spending a long duration of tire in space-both can cause the human heart to shrink over time! These findings were based on the experiences of astronaut Scott Belly, who spent 340 days in space in 2015, and

25、 Benoit Lecomte, an athlete who in 2018 swam 1,753 miles （about 2,821 km） across the Pacific Ocean in 159 days.The absence of gravity in space means that the heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood through the aorta （主动脉），the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygen to all parts of our bo

26、dy. As a result, the heart loses muscle mass, causing it to reduce in size. The study was conducted by Benjamin Levine, a professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas South western Medical Center. He noted that the shrinkage was seen despite the fact that Scott Belly exercised every day

27、.Activities such as long-distance swimming can cause the heart to change similarly. Lecomte spent 5.8 hours swimming every day and then another hours sleeping; therefore, he spent more time in a horizontal （水平的）positionthan upright. This reduced the force of gravity acting on his body.Fortunately, w

28、hile the heart did shrink in size for Belly and Lecomte, it was just as strong and continued to function normally for both men. And in both cases, the heart regained its original mass and size after a return to normal daily lives,This study is crucial as NASA prepares to send astronauts to Mars in t

29、he 2030s. Professor Levine is workingwith NASA on a program called cypher, which hopes to collect more in-fbrmation by following ten more astronauts9 year-long trips as well as conducting research on shorter trips to space.32. What do Belly and Lecomte have in common?A. Their hearts once became smal

30、ler than before.B. Their hearts are stronger than common people.C. Their hearts may never return to normal.D. Their hearts may have to work harder.33. What causes the change of the heart in space?A. The lack of exerciseC. The sleeping position.B. The lack of gravity.D. The psychological pressure.34.

31、 What can we know from the last paragraph?A. The limitation of the study.B. The process of the study.C. The details of the study.D. The application of the study.35. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Can astronauts avoid the effect of gravity?B. Can athlete have a stronger heart?C. Can the

32、human heart reduce in size?D. Can the human heart function well in space?【答案】32.A33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了人的心脏在长期缺乏重力的情况下会变小的一项研究。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 uFortunately, while the heart did shrink in size for Belly and Lecomte, it was just as strong and continued to function normally for both

33、men.（幸运的是，虽然贝利和勒孔特的心脏确实变小了， 但他们的心脏依然强大，继续正常运转。）”可知，Belly和Lecomte的心脏都变得比之前更小了。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“The absence of gravity in space means that the heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood through the aorta （主动脉），the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygen to all parts of our body. As a r

34、esult, the heart loses muscle mass, causing it to reduce in size.（在太空中没有重力意味着心脏不需要那么费力 地将血液泵入主动脉，主动脉是向我们身体各个部位提供氧气的最大血管。结果，心脏失去了肌肉量，导 致心脏变小。）”可知，由于缺少地球重力，人的心脏会产生变化，会变得更小。故选B。【34题详解】 推理判断题。通读最后一段 “This study is crucial as NASA prepares to send astronauts to Mars in the 2030s. Professor Levine is work

35、ing with NASA on a program called cypher, which hopes to collect more in-formation by following ten more astronauts9 year-long trips as well as conducting research on shorter trips to space.（这项研究至 关重要，因为美国宇航局准备在21世纪30年代将宇航员送上火星。莱文教授正在与美国宇航局合作一个 名为cypher的项目，该项目希望通过跟踪10多名宇航员长达一年的太空旅行，以及对较短时间的太空旅行 进行研究

36、，来收集更多的信息。）”可知，从最后一段我们能知道这个研究的应用。故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的Is it possible for the human heart to shrink （缩小）and if so, how does this change impact the human body?（人类的心脏有可能收缩吗？如果有的话，这种变化对人体有什么影响？）” 可知，本文主要介绍了 “人类的心脏能变小吗”这一问题。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。

37、Nowadays, people are often very busy, working hard almost day and night. For a better life, many people think ifs worth it. 36 Undoubtedly, people need spare time to be free and do fun things, like winter camping. Most people are talking especially about snow camping when they mention winter camping

38、.37 In areas with snow, campers can go skiing, climbing, or ice skating. And some people enjoycreating fun things from snow, or just horsing around in the snow. And a camping trip often requires hiking, although campers generally travel less far than they do in the summer.There are many well-known p

39、laces suitable for camping. Throughout the year, these places usually attract more campers in the summer. So, it can be more crowded in this season. Campers who dont like a crowded place can instead choose to go camping there in the winter. 38But colder weather means more preparation. Winter campers

40、 should be sure that they have clothes which can keep them warm. 39 Besides, campers need to bring good tents and enough food. Other camping tools like cookstoves are also necessary.While winter camping can be quite fun, the colder weather can make a camping trip more dangerous.40 Winter campers sho

41、uld always check on weather reports before they leave. A small weather radio is an excellent tool to bring along. And its wise to take a guided winter camping trip for their first camping experience. A. Being busy brings success.B. It can give them more peace.C. And choose to go with many friends.D.

42、 Winter campers also need sleeping bags.E. But not enough relaxation may be bad for health.F. So its important to fully prepare for winter camping.G. Like summer camping, winter camping offers many activities.【答案】36. E 37. G 38. B 39. D 40. F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季露营的一些活动以及需要准备的东西。【36题详解】根据前文 Nowad

43、ays, people are often very busy, working hard almost day and night. For a better life, many people think ifs worth it.（,人们经常很忙，几乎没日没夜地努力工作。为了更好的生活，很多人觉得值得。）” 以及下文的 Undoubtedly, people need spare time to be free and do fun things, like winter camping.（毫无疑问, 人们需要空闲时间来做一些有趣的事情，比如冬季露营。）”可知，前文将人们经常没日没夜的工

44、作，而后 文则说人们需要空闲时间来放松，因此可知，空处与前文是转折关系，引出下文内容，故E项“But not enough relaxation may be bad for health.（但是没有足够的放松可能对健康有害。）”符合语意。故选E项。【37题详解】根据后文 “In areas with snow, campers can go skiing, climbing, or ice skating.（在有雪的地区，露营者可以去滑 雪、爬山或滑冰。）”可知，此处讲述的是冬季露营可以进行的活动，因此空处作为开头句，要引出空处后 的内容，故 G 项 “Like summer camping

45、, winter camping offers many activities.（像夏季露营一样，冬季露营提 供许多活动.）”引出下文的冬季露营的各种活动，符合语意。故选G项。【38题详解】根据前文 “ So, it can be more crowded in this season. Campers who don?t like a crowded place can instead choose to go camping there in the winter1所以，在这个季节会更拥挤。不喜欢拥挤的地方的露营者可以选择在冬天去那 里露营。）”可知，夏季露营人多，会很拥挤，因此冬季露营是

46、好选择，没那么拥挤，故B项“It can give them more peace.（这能给他们更多的安宁。）”是对上文内容的总结。故选B项。【39题详解】根据前文 “Winter campers should be sure that they have clothes which can keep them warm.（冬令营员应该确保 他们有保暖的衣服。）”可知，此处讲的是去冬季露营要做好准备，首先就是保暖工作做好，因此D项“Winter campers also need sleeping bags.（冬季露营者也需要睡袋。）”是对前文内容的延伸，符合语意。故选D项。【40题详解】 根

47、据前文 “ While winter camping can be quite fun, the colder weather can make a camping trip more dangerous.（M然冬季露营很有趣，但是寒冷的天气会让露营变得更加危险。）”可知，此处讲述冬季露营也具有危险性， 因此需要做好充分准备，故F项“So ifs important to fully prepare for winter camping.（所以充分准备冬季露营很重要。）”与前文是因果关系，符合语意。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每题1分，满分15分） 阅

48、读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Casey and John, a young couple, had been driving from Maryland to North Carolina when their 36-hour nightmare began. They expected the road trip to 41 five hours, but a massive snowstorm led to ice related accidents, and the state closed a 50-mile stretch of th

49、e 42 for safety reasons.With traffic 43 and no clear information on when the highway would reopen, some drivers abandoned their cars and set out on foot. Others, like Casey and Joe, turned off the 44 to save gas and seated themselves in their vehicles. They tried their best to stay 45.A cold night in hunger and little sleep left them feeling