专题19-Unit2词汇与语法（学生版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

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1、Unit2词汇与语法一.重点单词1. battle n. 2. teenager n. 3. spot n. 4. target n. 5. adult n. 6. desire n. 7. struggle v/.& n8. regular adj.9. expert n. 10. likely adj.11. unique adj.12. youth . 13. flexible adj.14. battle n. 15. teenager n. 16. spot n. 17. target n. 18. adult n. 19. desire n. 20. struggle v/.& n

2、21. regular adj.22. expert n. 23. likely adj.24. unique adj.25. youth . 26. flexible adj.27. accountn. 28. rent n. 29. grocery n. 30. gather vi.31. pipe fi. 32. figure n. 33. downtown adv.34. n. 35. teller n. 36. scene n. 37. flat n. 二.词汇拓展argument n.争吵，争论：论点一 反争吵，争辩，争论力说理，论证1. tension/E紧张关系；紧张；拉伸一紧

3、张的anxious 力.忧虑的,担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的*乙焦急地2. anger n.怒气，怒火一 a力.生气的巫必使平静，使镇静。力.镇静的，沉着的-办.镇静地3. normal a力.正常的,一般的.常态，通常标准一a小.正常地stress n.精神压力，紧张；强调M强调，着重紧张的adj.令人 紧张的4. design W.设计;制订设计；设计艺术一.设计师performance n.表现；表演；执行，履行一*v.表演，表现5. press w.&W.催促，逼迫：按，压；挤，推n.报章杂志，报刊：(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界n.压力11. . adventure n.冒险

4、，冒险经历，奇遇。的.勇于冒险的；新奇的；惊险的eaeer .热切的,渴望的，渴求的办.渴望地n.热切，渴望12. secure 力.安心的;可靠的；牢固的n.安全graduaie vi.& .毕业毕业生一”.毕业13. emergency n.突发事件，紧急情况t。的.紧急的；突然出现的随堂练习一.单词拼写It is for teenagers to be interested in video games.1. Buying the facility aims to satisfy the students, (渴望)to doing experiments.2. It is necess

5、aiy to connect with your parents on a basis because they are concerned about you.3. Over time, weve become quite (熟练的)at dealing with these problems.4. If you are to answer this lough question， please pul up your hands.5. The senior high school student was too nervous to give a clear of what had hap

6、pened to him.6. He was taken care of by a professional nurse after the (手术).7. Its reported that the two thieves were caught on the (地点).二.单句语法填空Going abroad for further study as an exchange student is (stress).1. John agreed to be a teacher under the (press) of his parents.2. When the film ended, t

7、he excited audiences are hard to calm themselves .3. Our parents desire us (stick) to our aims, whatever challenges we will meet.4. is likely that men arc more likely to have heart attacks than women.5. The teachers question failed to get a (respond) from any of the students.6. He decided to return

8、to his hometown after (graduate).7. My mother struggled (bring) up my family on a very low income when I was in senior high school.语法语法精析.简单句只含有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。有以下基本类型：(1)SV：主语+谓语The sun rose.太阳升起来了。(2)SVP：主语+连系动词+表语The soup smells good.汤闻起来很香。(3)SVO：主语+谓语+宾语He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。(4)SVOO：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直

9、接宾语Mr Wang teaches us English.王老师教我们英语。(5)SVOC：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语He finds the story interesting.他觉得这个故事很有趣。(6)SVA：主语+谓语+状语They are singing in the music hall.他们正在音乐厅唱歌。(7)SV0A：主语+谓语+宾语+状语My son is doing his homework carefully.我儿子正在认真做作业。1 .并列句由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。并列句通过并列连词、连接副词和 分号三种方式连接起来。常见的并

10、列连词：(1)表示平行并列，常用的连词有：and, not only.but also., neither.nor.等。He was cleaning the room and his children were playing outside.他在打扫房间，他的孩子们在外面玩耍。(2)表示转折,常用的连词有:but, however, yet, while等。His son came back, but he was still concerned.他儿子回来了,但是他仍然很担心。He likes sports, while Id rather collect stamps.他喜欢运动，而我

11、则爱好集邮。(3)表示因果并列，常用的连词有：for, so等。It must have rained yesterday evening, for the ground is wet.昨晚准是下雨了,因为地面是湿的。The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place.经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。 注意：so和because不能连用。(4)表示选择，常用的连词有：or, either.or.等。Wear your coat, or youll catch cold.把大衣穿上，不然你会感冒的。Eithe

12、r Tom or his sisters are coming.不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。2 .主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。主句为句子的主体部分：从句无法独立， 可以充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。按其在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句(同位语从句、 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。(1)名词性从句(相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语)When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句)飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。That is why he did n

13、ot come to school yesterday.(表语从句)那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。He said that some teenagers didnt work hard.(宾语从句)他说有些青少年学习不努力。(2)定语从句(相当于个形容词，用来修饰个名词或代词)The man who was full of anger was Mikes father.那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。I wont fbrget the day when I had an argument with him.我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。(3)状语从句(像副词一样，修饰谓语动词，或整个句子。根据表达的意

14、思分为时间、地点、条件、原因、n 的、结果、方式、让步等）When I saw him, I found him under great stress.我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。I will meet my friend where I met her last time.我会在上次见她的地方见我的朋友。If you want to keep peace, youd better be patient.如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。Hc was punished, because he was late.他受到了 惩罚，因为他迟到了。Leis get up early so that w

15、c can catch the early bus.让我们早起，以便我们能赶上早班车。He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激 动。Please do as you are told.请按照你被告知的去做。Although/Though he tried his best, he still missed the target.虽然他尽力了,但仍然没有打中目标。 注意：although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still连用。一.单句语法填空Hurry u

16、p, you will miss the train.1. I work not because I have to because I want to.2. The problem is difficult that most students cant work it out.3. Two weeks went by, our exchange activities ended.4. These comic books are specially designed young children.5. youre interested in the position, please emai

17、l me.6. Neither did the naughty boy go home did his parents come to search for him.7. It is likely you can easily fall ill if you keep smoking. 二.阅读短文，说出画线句子是什么句子结构1. My parents love me very much. Howe ver, they like making almost all decisions for me. 2. They choose schools and subjects for me, and

18、 sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In my opinion, deciding everything for children does not help them but harm them in many ways.Firstly,3.jl will make children less confident, which is useless to their develoDnrent.Secondly, in many cases parents don,t care about childr

19、ens personal ideas and interests, which will influence their growth grcatly.As a result, a lot of children arc complaining! I do believe to grow to be independent is a natural way for everybody.Parents should give us chances to make our decisions.They can help us make choices instead of replacing us

20、 to do it.After all.4.ihere are a lol of ihings for us lo explore by ourselves.三.用合适的连词把每组句子合并为一个句子He was absent from class.He was ill.Hc was absent from class he was ill.1. He was tired.He went to bed.He was tiredhe went to bed.2. He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise he didnt keep i

21、t.3. I still remember (he day.I first went to school.I still remember the day I first went to school.4. Well go fbr a picnic.Its fine tomorrow.Well go for a picnic its fine tomorrow.5. He was very busy.He tried to help others in his free time. he was very busy he tried to help others in his free tim

22、e.6. My mother likes reading.My father likes watching TV.My mother likes reading my father likes watching TV.16. volunteer W.& w.自愿做,义务做.志愿者一/志愿的response n.回复；反应，响应一回答；响应三.知识解析*：知识点 01 You may feel anxiQUS that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting

23、left far behindanxious a4.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的(l)be anxious about sth.为某事担忧be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事be anxious for sth.渴望(得到)某物anxiously ad也忧虑地，不安地(3)anxiety.忧虑；渴望单句语法填空/完成句子He seemed anxious the coining College Entrance Examination.The couple arc waiting for their daughters call with (anxious).She an

24、d got a job to support her family.她渴望完成学业，然后找一份工作养家。士 知识点 2 On the other hand, when you arc struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be morecaring and patientsometiines they forget that growing up is a rough ride.(教材 PI7)struggle vi.& n,奋斗：斗争;搏斗struggle with/against sth.与作斗争struggle

25、for sth.为了某事而斗争struggle iodo s【h.努力做某事，挣扎着做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来单句语法填空/完成句子The struggle freedom was long and hard, but he never gave up.The woman has been struggling (he cancer for years.Slowly, the injured boy struggled his feet from the ground.To make progress, we meet in our study.为了取得进步

26、，我们必须与我们在学习中遇到的各种困难进行斗争。士 知识点 3Whcn you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view.view n.看法；视线；景色W把视为；观看(I )come into view看得见；进入视野in one,s view/from ones point of view在某人看来/从某人的观点出发in view of考虑到；由于(2)view.as.把看作单句语法填空The Inter

27、net is viewed by many people a useful tool.my point of view, men and women should be treated equally.view of the weather, our school cancelled the sports meeting.至 知识点 4 Afier you have thought it【hrough, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns.conceiui”

28、.担心，忧虑：关心此涉及；让(某人)担忧(l)bc concerned about/for关心；为担忧be concerned with 与有关；涉及as far as Tm concerned就我而言，依我之见(2)concerning prep.关于I单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作IIt was said that more (han one student was concerned taking drugs.Tell your friend that you are concerned her and that you will visit her on the weekend.,

29、some are for it while others are against it.关于他的提案，有些人赞成，而另一些人反对。就我而言，保护我们的环境是我们的责任。13r定士 知识点5 On the other hand, when you arc struggling to control your feelings, you wishJhey Qnuld bc mQre caring and patient.wish虚拟语气wish +宾语从句，意为“但愿；希望；就好了”，往往表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。Wish后宾语从句中的谓语形式如下：(I)did/were (表示与现在事

30、实相反的愿望)；(2)had done/been (表示与过去事实相反的愿望);would/could +动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的愿望)。单句语法填空/完成句子一Where are the children? Its time for lunch.I wish they (be) not always late.1 wish .我真希望我们班的所有学生都能通过考试。(3)1 wish I those rude words to my best friends.我真希望我没有对我最好的朋友说那些粗鲁的话。至 知识点 6 Through this kind of healthy discus

31、sion, you will learn MienJoJgC.k down and when toask your parents to relax their control.“疑问词+不定式”结构“疑问词+不定式”结构相当于名词性短语，when to back down and when to ask.在句中作learn的宾语。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中还可作主语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词(who, what, which)和疑问副词(when, where how)。(2)”疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时谓语动词用单数。完成句子/句型转换The local tea farmer begi

32、ns to teach us.当地的一个茶农开始教我们如何沏茶。 hasnt been decided yet.去哪里度假还没有决定。The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.Thc boy is too young to know in trouble.（改为宾语从句）至 知识点 7 Heated arguments and cold silences arc common between teenagers and their parents.（教材 Pl6）argument n.争吵，争论;论点argue v.争论，辩论；说服a

33、rgue with sb.about/over sth.就某事与某人争论argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue mai.（should）do.主张，认为应做They each other about the way of dealing with （he tough problem.他们就如何处理这个棘手的问题互相争论。The (argue) went on for hours because neither side would give in.争论持续了好几个小时，因为双方都不肯让步。They argued the boss accep

34、ting the proposal.他们说服老板接受这个建议。She argued that I (go) there on foot.她认为我应该步行去那里。至 知识点 8 You have both a new desire fbr independence and a continued need fbr your parents love and support.desire n. &%渴望，希望(1 )have a desire for/to do sth.渴望得到某物/做某事(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事de

35、sire that.(should)do 希望应做 She return home next week.她很渴望下周回家。My grandparents desire that I(visit)them on the weekend.我的祖父母希望我周末去看望他们。My desire knowledge got me to buy the book.我对知识的渴望使我买了这本书。至 知识点 9 When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to Q.alm down and try to understand the situation

36、from their point of view.calm此使平静；使镇静。的.镇静的，沉着的(l)calmdown平静下来；镇静下来calm.down使平静；使镇静(2)keep calm保持镇静(3)calmly adv.平静地;镇静地 He struggled to to avoid an argument.他努力让自己平静下来以避免争论。It is importanl to in an emergency.在紧急情况下，保持镇静很重要。(3)1 placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly , 我把小鸡放在窝里，它很快就平静下来了。士 知识点

37、 10 After you have .thoughL.iUhr.Q.ugh, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns.think sth.through充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透(hink highly/much of 高度评价think of 想起think over仔细考虑 Do you have time to the details of your option ?你有时间彻底考虑选修课的细节问题吗？Everyone in the village the

38、 young man.这个村子里的每个人都对这个年轻人评价很高。Lets his proposal before we see him again.我们再次见到他之前先仔细考虑一下他的提议。2 知识点 11 So we have designed TccnHcalthWcb to help you along the journey to adulthood.design M设计;制订.设计；设计艺术(l)be designed for/to do sth.专为设计的；目的是by design故意地,有意地(2)designer n.设计师单句语法填空The new theatre is sp

39、ecially designed the disabled.I,m sure that she didnt lead to the argument design.Our company employed an Italian (design) (o create new styles.2 知识点 12 It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.likely的.可能的,预料的，有希望的(I)be likely to do sth.可能做某事It is likely that.可能(2)unlikel

40、y a力.不大可能的单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换The price is likely (go) down because of the competition. the project is designed for women.这个项目可能是为女士设计的。Its likely that the famous scientist will attend the meeting.The famous scientist the meeting.知识点 13. Im gaga fbr my parents love.eager “dj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的(1 )be eager for

41、sth.渴望得到某物be eager to do slh.渴望做某事(2)eagerly “小.热心地；急切地(3)long for sth.渴望得到某物long to do sth.渴望做某事单句语法填空/一句多译Some of us were confident and eager (take) part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious.The (ruth is that people are eager peace and hate wars.露西渴望把思想传达到她的团队。Lucy her ideas to h

42、er team.(eager)Lucy her ideas to her team.(long)至 知识点 14. account n.账户；描述;解释认为是,视为(1 Account for解释，是的原因：(数量或比例上)占(2)on account of 因为，由于on no account决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构)take.into account 考虑到，顾及 一词多义/完成句子I paid (he cheque into my savings account.She gave the police a full account of the incident.In Eng

43、lish law, a person is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty.Recent pressure at work may his abnormal behavior.他的不正常的行为也许归因于他最近的工作压力。The professor warned the students that , 教授警告学生在他的课上决不能使用手机。All the flights to Shenyang were canceled .由于天气不好，所有飞往沈阳的航班都被取消了。:知识点 15.Then she wrote down another

44、figure.figure n.数字：人物；体型，身材；图表乂认为：计算Ikccp ones figure 保持身材2figure out弄清楚；理解；看透：想出；算出一词多义/完成句子How do you know the latest trade figures? He was one of the greatest figures in history.Every woman wants a slim figure nowadays.I figure that different people hold different opinions.If you want to , please

45、 take exercise every day.如果你想保持苗条的身材请每天锻炼。至 知识点 16. it seems毁斑JhemosLimpQuanLihing in her life.as if从句(1)此句中as if意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem, look等系动词之后引导表语从句。此句描述 的情况发生的可能性很大，所以没用虚拟语气。(2)as if/lhough除引导表语从句外，还可引导方式状语从句。若as if/though从句描述非现实情 况，则用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)： 当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓

46、语动词用过去完成时(had+过去分词)； 当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。单句语法填空/完成句子Thc young man with long hair looks as if he (be) a woman.It seems as if he (know) everything, but in reality, he is stupid.He talked to every corner of the world but in fact he had never left his village. 他说话好像他去过世界的每一个角落

47、，但事实上他从未离开过他的村庄。受知识点17 Whenwere at home, she keeps pressing me to study all the time.press W.&说催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推n.报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界(I)press Ihe button 按按钮press sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事(2)prcssurc n. U压力under the pressure of 在的压力下The little girl her face against the window.这个小女孩把脸贴在了窗子上。Facing social (press), wc have no choice but to study hard.面对社会压力，我们别无选择，只能努力学习