高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 课文翻译.docx

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1、高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science And ScientistsReading and Thinking 课文原文JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “ KING CHOLERA”Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor. John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even

2、 death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria whe

3、n she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in fo

4、od or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten

5、 days. He was determined to find out why.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 a

6、nd 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of

7、cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the

8、pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companie

9、s in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of chol

10、era around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow t

11、ransformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered about the Chinese. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold, simple flavours. And, since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that America

12、ns are not afraid to try new foods.Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it.

13、 Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was

14、 even more important was the friendship offered us.We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the peopl

15、e in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone-from the youngest to the oldest-joining in to help. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our f

16、riends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire-usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab.Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China.

17、In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdongs elegant dim sum-small servings of food in bamboo steamers-to the exceptional stewed noodles In Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everyw

18、here show friendship and kindness.At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves? Or, that those who

19、like spicy food tend to have a hot temper? Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other.课文译文文化美食法国作家让安泰尔姆布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说 出你是个什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。如今，大多数人把这 条谚语与健康饮食联系起来

20、。然而，布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。来中国之前，我只在美 国接触过中式烹任，那里的中国食物已被改变，已适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢 迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煽炒过的红辣椒制成。然而， 这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。不过在另一方面，它 确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由 于这道菜也是新创造，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找 一个

21、好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。我们 疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径直在我们的桌子 上摆满食物；那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味： 四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我 发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物，包饺子一直是一 项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮助。后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物 是煎饼卷大葱。随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一

22、些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们 骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤 肉，例如羊肉串。接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，有广东的 精致点心一一那是放在竹蒸笼里笼出来的小份食品，还有河南独特的烧面。所到之处的美食 与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现出了 友情与善意。当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物，他们过着什么样的生活，他 们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。例如，我们是否也能这样推断，那些喜欢重口味的人性格粗暴? 或者，那些喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火爆？也许

23、是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定 的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一种，你就永远无法真正了解 另一种。Using Language课文原文HEALTHY EATINGThere is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the r

24、eal driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25%o of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (J

25、ournal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets an

26、d sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy

27、bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods

28、. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with ev

29、erything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What

30、this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three me

31、als a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude toward

32、s food. One question you can ask yourself is, Do I eat to live, or live to eat? If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you w

33、ant to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.课文译文健康饮食当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。例如，多年来科学家们一直认为健康的大敌是高脂肪 食物。然而，越来越多的证据说明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。 心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病 的可能性是每日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍（美国医学会杂志，2014年）。无论他们饮食 的其他方面多么健康，这都是事实。简单地说当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休 时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。多余的糖分大多来自

34、甜食和甜饮料。一个普通的美国人单从甜饮料中摄取的糖分就占三 分之一。美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下，少于一罐甜 饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮 料。除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素 和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖 分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。止匕外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这 些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事均如此。理想的 饮食是均衡饮食，防止过多或过少摄入任何一种

35、成分。最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你 的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。细 嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物、更充分地享受美食。此外，研究说明，有规律的饮 食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。而且最好每餐摄入适量的食 物，而不是上一餐吃很多，下一餐吃得很少。健康饮食没有诀窍。相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度。你可以问自己一个问题：“我 是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着？ ”如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经 在饮食上走对了路子。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可

36、能已踏上不健康之路。 你想如何生活如何做出正确的饮食决择，这完全取决于你自己。Unit 4 JOURNEY A CROSS A VAST LANDReading and Thinking 课文原文SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL:VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADALi Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast. Rather than travel by commercial

37、airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole county by rail was exciting.Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights. During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rain

38、ed. Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. Later they took a pleasant hi

39、ke in a forest just a short distance away.The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lak

40、e Louise where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. In

41、addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.From Jasper, they caught the train towards Toronto. One of the trains first stops was in Edmonto

42、n, the provincial capital of Alberta, the centre of Canadas huge oil and gas drilling industry. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10. Since it can be too cold to go outdoors, Edmonton is home to many shopping malls. In fact, one of the largest shopping malls in

43、North America is in Edmonton.From Edmonton, the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. At school, Daiyu and Liu Qian had leant that Canadas population is only slightly over thirty-seven million. However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed. T

44、hey went through two wheat-growing provinces, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.After another day on the train, eventually they were back in an urban area, the city of Winnipeg. From there, they travelled through the night, and woke up in Ontario-a land of forests and la

45、kes. The train thundered on, through the rolling hills. The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada. Night came again, and the train turned south towards Toronto. When they woke up the ne

46、xt morning and pulled back the curtain, they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron-one of the four Great Lakes on Ontarios southern border. It was not until 9:30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. All in all, their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration o

47、f four days.课文译文通过铁路看到真正的北方：温哥华和加拿大的中心地带李黛予和表妹刘倩前往加拿大探望居住在大西洋海岸哈利法克斯市的表兄妹。她们没有 一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。一想到可以坐火车横穿整个 国家，姐妹俩就激动不已。出发前，她们在温哥华待了两天，欣赏当地风光。第一天温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。尽 管天气不佳，她们仍然泛舟驶入海湾，接着游览了一座岛屿。岛上有精致的店铺，出售手工 艺品和古董。第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣 喜。随后，她们在不远处的森林中徒步旅行，十分惬意次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的

48、火车穿越加拿大落基山脉。从车窗 往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路 易斯湖。那里湛蓝的湖水美丽异常，摄人心魄。住了夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过 加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀。望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的 一次旅行。除了欣赏壮丽的山峰和森林，旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物，如鹿、 山羊、甚至还有一只灰熊和一只老鹰。在贾斯珀，她们坐上了开往多伦多的火车。火车的头几站中有一站是埃德蒙顿，这是阿 尔伯塔的省会，也是加拿大庞大的油气开采业中心。埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为 零下10摄氏度。由于天寒地冻，不适合户外活动，

49、因此埃德蒙顿拥有众多大型购物中心。事 实上，北美最大的购物中心之一就在埃德蒙顿。火车从埃德蒙顿出发，向东南方行驶，一路穿越加拿大大草原。黛予和刘倩在学校学过， 加拿大的人口才刚过3700万。但两人还是未曾料想能看到如此辽阔的国度，真是惊叹不已。 她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，看到一片片广阔的农场。她们在火车上又度过了天，最终回到了都市区域一温尼伯市。从该市出发，她们连夜前 行，从梦乡中醒来时火车已抵达森林和湖泊密布的安大概省。火车继续轰隆隆地向前行驶， 穿过绵延的群山。窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橘黄色，地面盖着一层霜，说明加 拿大已进入秋季。夜幕再次降临，火车转向南行，开往多伦多。次日清晨，她们醒来，拉开 车窗窗帘，辽阔的休伦湖映入眼帘。休伦湖是安大概省南部边境的四大湖之一。上午九点半, 她们终于抵达安大概的省会多伦多。从温哥华到多伦多，她们的旅行总共历时四天。Using Language课文原文SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL:TORONTO AND MONTREALAfter Li Daiyu