2022-2023学年江苏地区高一上学期期末考试英语模拟试卷.docx

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1、2023届高一年级期末模拟试卷英语试卷时间：120分钟 总分：120分2023.01第一节、阅读理解（共16小题，每小题2.5分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A“What kind of rubbish are you?” This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it has become a special “greeting among people over the past week. On July 1, the city introduced strict t

2、rash-sorting regulations that are required to follow and expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and throw it into specific public dustbins. They must do so at regulated times, when monitors are present to ensure correct trash-t

3、hrowing and to ask the nature of ones rubbish. Individuals who fail to follow the regulations face the possibility of fines and worse. They could be punished with fines （罚款）of up to 200 yuan （$ 29）. For those who repeat to go against them, the government can add black marks to their credit records,

4、making it harder for them to get bank loans or even buy train tickets.Shanghai government is responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9 million tons of garbage a year, more than Londons annual output, which is rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling s

5、ystem. Instead, it has relied on trash pickers to sift （筛选）through the waste, picking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up.Many residents appear to support the idea of recycling in g

6、eneral but are annoyed by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or harmful, the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules concerning food waste. They must put it straight

7、in the required public bins, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and throw it by hand. What they complain most is the short periods for dropping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can

8、keep an eye on what is being thrown out. No one wants to look bad.1 .What do we know about the trash-sorting regulations in Shanghai?A. Shanghai is the first city to make the trash-sorting regulations.B. Residents can throw the garbage at any time.C. The trash-sorting regulations have the highest fi

9、nes.D. Monitors ensure the process of the trash-sorting regulations.2 .What is the main direct environmental problem in Shanghai?A. The massive traffic.B. The increasing garbage.C. Lack of a recycling system.D. Lack of trash picker.3 .What makes the residents upset most about the regulations?A. Limi

10、ted time for throwing the trash.B Confusing differences among the categories of trash.C. Being fined due to improper behavior.D. Being watched by monitors when throwing the garbage.4.What can be the best title for the text?A. A Good Way of Trash-sortingB. A New Period of Garbage SortingC. A Great Ti

11、me in Dealing with LitterD. An Effective Solution to Rubbish Problem.推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “One day Peary told Henson about his real dream: to be the first man to stand on “the top of the world“ at the North Pole. He asked Henson to help him make his dream come true. Over the next five years, the two explor

12、ers made two trips together to the Arctic. However, they were not able to reach the pole either time.（一天，Peary告诉Henson他真正的梦想：成为第一个站在北极“世界 之巅”的人。他请Henson帮他实现他的梦想。在接下来的五年里，这两位探险家两次一起前往北极。 然而，他们两次都没能到达极点）”和第四段中的“In 1908, Peary and Henson were ready to make their final attempt at reaching the North Pole

13、. Both men were over forty years old. The years of hardship in the arctic cold had made them suffer a lot. This would be their last chance. With four Inuit （因纽特）guides, they made a mad rush straight across the ice toward the pole. Peary s feet were injured and he had to be pulled on a dogsled. In Ap

14、ril 1909, Henson, s instruments showed they were standing at the North Pole. Together Henson and Peary planted the American flag in the snow.（1908 年，Peary 和亨森准备作最后一次尝试，前 往北极。两个人都有四十多岁了。多年在北极寒冷的艰苦生活使他们吃了很多苦头。这将是他们最后 的机会。在四名因纽特向导的带领下，他们疯狂地冲过冰层，直奔极点。Peary的脚受伤了，不得不 用狗拉雪橇拉。1909年4月，Henson的仪器显示他们正站在北极点上。He

15、nson和Peary一起把美国 国旗插在雪地里）”可知，Henson和Peary去北极的过程中，两个人共同奋斗，历尽艰辛，最终实现 了目标。由此可知，Henson和Peary可以被比作探索未知土地的战土。故选D。D【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了新冠疫情下技术赢家和输家，在消费型科技公司在经历繁 荣又转向萧条时，支撑日常生活的基础设施技术公司在蓬勃发展。12 .细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 Look beyond the boom and bust of consumer tech, and you see the real successes.（透过消费型科技的繁荣与萧条，你会看到真正

16、的成功。）”可知消费型科技公司经历了 繁荣和萧条；结合第一段倒数第二句The excitement was most evident in stock-markets, where any firm related to this trend saw its share price surge.（这种兴奋在股市上表现得最为明显，任何与这种趋势相关 的公司的股价都出现了飙升。）”和第二段 “The crazy has ended. Today the lockdown lunacy index（疯狂 指数）一which includes Netflix, a streaming service;

17、 Peloton, a maker of fancy exercise bikes; Robin-hood, a stock-trading app; Shopify, and e-commerce platform; and Zoom, a videoconferencing firm - has fallen by more than 80% from its peak.（这种狂热已经结束。如今，包括流媒体服务Netflix高档健身自行车制 造商Peloton股票交易应用Robinhood电商平台Shopify以及视频会议公司Zoom在内的“封锁疯 狂指数”的股价已经从最高点下跌了 80%

18、以上。）”可知消费型科技公司的股价大幅飙升，然后下跌。 故选Bo.词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句 Though the pandemic darlings have fizzled, the shift towards ever greater digitization continues. The true winners are not the flashy consumer-tech firms, but the companies that provide the infrastructure to enable this shift.（尽管大流行的宠儿已经fizzled,但向越来越大

19、的数字化 的转变仍在继续。真正的赢家不是那些华而不实的消费科技公司，而是那些提供基础设施以实现这一 转变的公司。）”以及第四段第一句Look beyond the boom and bust of consumer tech, and you see the real successes.（透过消费型科技的繁荣与萧条，你会看到真正的成功。）”可知句中的“ the pandemic darlings” 指的是在疫情期间股价疯涨后又下跌的消费型科技公司，再结合划线词所在句子中的“though”以及 主句“the shift towards ever greater digitization con

20、tinues.”可推知 fizzled 在句中意思与“the real successesv 相反，所以c选项fail “失败”符合句意，故选C。13 .推理判断题。根据第四段第二句 The market for the infrastructure technology that underpins people? s daily lives, such as cloud computing, cyber-security and digital payments, is booming.（云计算、 网名各安全 和数字支付等支撑人们日常生活的基础设施技术市场正在蓬勃发展。）”可知云计算是支撑

21、人们日常 生活的技术设施技术；结合最后一段The bubble may have burst on the pandemic s darlings, but the drumbeat of digitization continues. The less obvious technologies that provide the underlying infrastructure for the shift are the true beneficiaries of covid. Whether these will fuel a productivity boost one day rema

22、ins to be seen. But there was more going on during the pandemic than lockdown crazy.（对疫情宠儿的泡沫可 能已经破灭，但数字化的鼓声仍在继续。那些不那么引人注目的技术为这一转变提供了基础设施，它 们才是新冠肺炎的真正受益者。这些是否会在将来的某一天推动生产力的提高，还有待观察。但疫情 期间发生的不仅仅是封锁的疯狂行为。）”可知数字化的转变离不开云计算等基础设施技术，故选C。14 .主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句In the early days of covid-19, the tech industry was

23、 consumed by a sense of excitement.（在新冠肺炎疫情初期，科技行业沉浸在一种狂喜中。）”以及第三段最后一句 u Though the pandemic darlings have fizzled, the shift towards ever greater digitization continues. The true winners are not the flashy consumer-tech firms, but the companies that provide the infrastructure to enable this shift.以

24、及文章中关于消费型科技公司和基础设施技术公司的详细对比，可知文章主要介绍了疫 情下消费型科技公司的暴涨暴跌和提供基础设施技术公司的真正繁荣，所以D选项“Tech Losers and Winners of the Pandemic.（疫情下的技术赢家和输家）”作为标题能够概括全文，故选D。第二节、七选五（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了直播销售的现状以及对农村产业的发展带来的优势。15 . |艮据空前 “For many years, quality agricultural products were unable to sell in farawa

25、y provinces.（彳艮 多年来，优质农产品无法销售到遥远的省市去。）”及空后“It prevented them from accessing a wider, urban client.（它阻止农产品接触到更广的城市客户。）”可知，空前提到农产品无法销售到远处，空 后提到了它阻止农产品接触到城市顾客，本空应提到无法销售到远处的原因，故D项”最大的障碍就 在于缺乏有效的销售频道。”符合，说明了原因，且空后的it与本空的The biggest barrier相呼应，故 选D项。16 . I艮据空前 “In this regard, live-stream marketing may ap

26、peal to young migrant workers and convince them to return home in the countryside.（就这点而言，直播销售可能会吸引年轻的流动工人，并让他们 回到农村去发展。）”可知，空前提到了直播销售会将年轻人吸引回到农村去发展，故本空应说明回 去后具体如何发展，故G项“一旦他们回去，他们可以将先进的数字化方式引入到农业经营中去。” 符合，空前提到将年轻人吸引回去，空后说明回去后将先进技术运用到农业经营中，故选G项。17 . 根据空前 “In Yunnan Province, southwest China, live-stre

27、am marketing is currently the most popular way of pushing local products to consumers across the country.（在中国西南部，云南，直播销售是目前 将当地产品推给全国消费者的最流行的方式。）”及空后“It is turning the smartphone into a new farming tool by fashioning new shopping centers.（通过塑造新的购物中心，它将手机变成了一个新的农具。）“ 可知，空前提到目前的云南通过直播销售将产品卖给全国，空后提到“它”

28、将手机变成了新的农具, 故C项”5G技术的发展是一个主要的因素。”符合，说明空前直播销售成为最流行方式的原因，并 引出后文的内容，且空后的It与本空的The expansion of 5G technology相呼应，故选C项。18 . 根据空前 “We now have a great business model in place, combining products with high-quality live stream platforms and support packages from the government.（现在，我们 已经有了一个不错的销售模式， 将产品和高质量的

29、直播平台和政府的支持结合起来。）”可知，空前提到了现在的网络销售模式已经 十分成熟，F项“但是，我们应该基于严格的标准，构建一个完整的供应链。”是对空前的补充，尽 管现在的网络销售模式已经成熟起来，但是我们应该构建一个完整的供应链，保证产品的供应，故选F项。19 .根据空后“How to grow live stream marketing for farm products?（怎样为农产品来发展直播销售 呢？）”可知，空后内容是A项“这就产生了一个问题。”的顺义承接，空前提到产生了问题，空后 具体说明是什么问题，故选A项。第三节、完形填空。（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，

30、从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局在不同经济发展模式下的发展情况。20 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，通用电气前首席执行官Ralph Cordiner在预见太空发展的同时， 有力地指出，最终,太空的“发展应该在我们传统的竞争企业制度下”。A. enterprise企业;B. employment 雇佣；C. electricity 电；D. justice 公正。根据上文 “Since the start of the Space Age, private- sector leaders have be

31、en issuing warnings that a centralized model would damage progress on public and, especially, commercial priorities in space.”可知，这里指的是企业制度。故选A。21 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：中央集权模式的经济逻辑是清晰的，几十年来它已经达到了它的目标。 A. drafted 起草；B. attained 实现；C. recognized 认出；D. estimated 估计。根据上文“The economic logic for the centralized mod

32、el was clear ”可知，中央集权模式的经济逻辑是明确的，也就是目标明确。再根 据空后的“its goals”可知，是实现目标。故选B。22 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国家安全、民族自豪感和基础科学等公共产品如果交由市场来提供， 通常是无法提供的，而NASA是在冷战期间成立的来提供这些的。A. underprovided供给不足的；B. underfounded有根据的；C. overpriced定价过高的；D. overused过度使用的。根据下文“NASA was founded to provide them during the Cold War.,可知，NASA可以提供国家

33、安全、民族自豪感和基础科 学，也就是之前的市场经济结构根本无法提供。故选A。23 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的指挥和控制结构自然是从这个目标发展起来的。A. investment投 资；B. acquisition 习得;C. friction 冲突；D. objective 目标。根据上文“Public goods such as national security, national pride, and basic science are typically 3 if left to the market, and NASA（美国宇航局）wasfounded to provide th

34、em during the Cold War.v 可知，NASA 成立是带有这个目标的。故选 D。24 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：阿波罗任务的成功，包括1969年的登月，激发了人们对未来的宏伟 愿景。A. evolution 演变；B. conversion 转变;C. visions 视野、愿景;D. industrialization 工业化。根 据空后的of what would come next.”可知，是对未来的想法。故选C。25 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪70年代初，太空殖民和多元化太空经济的研究蓬勃发展。A. recovered 恢复；B. thrived 兴盛；C.

35、ceased 停止；D. failed 失败。根据上文 “The success of the Apollo missions, including the 1969 moon landing, inspired grand 5 of what would come next.”可矢口，止匕时一切都在蓬勃发展。故选B。26 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在1972年最后一次阿波罗任务之后，美国国家航空航天局一一也 就是美国航天部门 努力寻找其太空剧本的第二幕。A. act行动、幕；B. planet星球；C. interpretation 解释；D. animation 动画片、活力。根据上文

36、“But after the last of the Apollo missions in 1972, NASA” 可知，美国国家航空航天局已经完成了最后一次阿波罗任务，所以他们要开始第二个任务。故选A。27 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：阿波罗宇航员巴兹奥尔德林说：“阿波罗登月任务之后，美国失去 了对太空的热爱一一没有集中的后续行动，我们没有任何明确的目标。 A. close-up特写；B. warm- up 热身；C. follow-up 随访、后续行动；D. dress-up 打扮。根据上文的 “Part of the reason was that the tight connection

37、 between the Apollo program and competition with the Soviet Union made NASA s budget vulnerable（脆弱的）to the sense that the mission had already been accomplished.n 可知,人们感觉这个任务 已经完成了，那么也就是没有后续了。故选C。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：当美国国家航空航天局决定将下一个重点放在太空运输系统（更广为 人知的名字是航天飞机）上时，它基本上采用了与20世纪60年代相同的集中方法。A. centralized集中 的；B

38、. popularized普及的；C. coined创造的；D. mystfed困惑的。空处为原词重现，根据文章第二 段 “The economic logic for the centralized model was clear, and for several decades it has 2 itsgoals.”可知,这是集中制机制。故选A。29 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：连续20年的航天飞机飞行成就了国际空间站（ISS）和哈勃太空望远镜 的建设，展示了美国的技术能力。A. stuffed填塞；B. admitted承认；C. demonstrated展示；D. overtook 接管

39、。根据上文“Successive shuttle flights enabled two decades of achievements, including the construction of the International Space Station (ISS) and Hubble Space Telescope, 可知，这是美国在航天飞机以及国 际空间站等上取得的成就，而这展示了美国的技术能力。故选C。30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在经历了 1986年的挑战者号航天飞机和2003年的哥伦比亚号航天飞 机的两次悲剧事故后，势头背离了航天飞机和它所代表的集中式太空模式。A. ac

40、cessed访问、到达; B. rejected 拒绝；C. wrinkled 使起皱纹；D. represented 代表。根据上文“When NASA decided that its next emphasis would be on the Space Transportation System, better known as the Shuttle, it applied largely the same 9 approach it had used in the 1960s.”可知，航天飞机也是在集中式太空模式下发展的产物，所以它代表了集中式太空模式。故选D。31 .考查名词词义

41、辨析。句意：航天飞机项目在2011年被取消，使美国陷入了无法在国内本土发射 人类的尴尬处境。A. senior比地位高；B. navigable可航行的；C. embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. harsh严厉的。根据下文“not being able to launch humans from domestic soil. ”可知，这种处境是令人尴尬的。 故选Co32 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国政府在发展商业卫星市场方面的做法提供了一个具有指导意义的 对比。A. risk 风险；B. routine 常规做法；C. approach 方法；D. advantage 优点。根据上文

42、“When NASA decided that its next emphasis would be on the Space Transportation System, better known as the Shuttle, it applied largely the same 9 approach it had used in the 1960s.” 可知，这是美国政府在发展商业卫星市场上的做法。故选C。33 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：NASA被正式负责为COMSAT提供技术建议，该机构也被赋予了 COMSAT发射的责任。A. legal合法的；B. technical技术的；C.

43、 equal平等的；D. financial金融的。 根据常识可知，美国国家航天航空局可以提供的应该是技术方面的建议。故选B。34 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种公私合作关系背后的想法是利用NASA的专业知识来启动私人通 信卫星产业。A. partnership伙伴关系、合作关系；B. debate辩论；C.meditation默想；D. horizon地 平线、范围。根据上文 “NASA was officially charged with providing 14 advice to COMSAT, and the agency was given responsibility for

44、COMSAT, s launches.” 可知，双方是合作伙伴关系。故选 A。第四节、语法填空(共10小题，每小题L5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章报道了中国队在女足亚洲杯获得冠军的喜讯并采访了主教练水庆霞和 队员张林艳。35 .考查谓语动词的时态。句意：在周日(2月6日)晚上举行的亚足联女足亚洲杯决赛中，中国队 在落后两球的情况下，以3-2的比分击败了韩国队，并创纪录地赢得了第9座亚洲杯冠军。根据and可 知，此处与前面的谓语动词beat并列，且根据时间状语on Sunday night(Feb. 6)可知使用动词

45、过去式。 故填won。36 .考查条件状语从句。句意：“如果信仰有颜色，它一定是中国红!”分析句子可知，逗号后是主 句，此处需要一个连词引导状语从句，结合句意此处填“如果”。故填if。37 .考查名词。句意：中国足球协会在祝贺这些足球女孩获得比赛胜利的同时，称她们为“铿锵玫瑰， 国人骄傲”，此时无数球迷在幕后流下了眼泪。根据the + n. + of的用法，此处填名词，proud的名 词形式是prideo故填prideo.考查名词。句意：中国足球协会在祝贺这些足球女孩获得比赛胜利的同时，称她们为“铿锵玫瑰， 国人骄傲”，此时无数球迷在幕后流下了眼泪。根据countless可知此处用名词复数。故

46、填fans。38 .考查形容词。句意：尽管在上半场落后韩国队两球，但中国女足队在下半场攻入3球，在短短5 分钟内打进2球。此处用nation的形容词修饰名词football team。故填nationalo.考查副词。句意：主教练水庆霞在赛前的新闻发布会上说:“全队正在身体上和精神上进行调整， 为决赛中的各种困难做好准备。”根据and可知此处填副词与后面的mentally并列，修饰动词is adjustingo 故填 physically。39 .考查介词。句意：她为球队的胜利哭了起来，下半场她大胆地将经验丰富但受伤的王爽换下年轻 球员张琳艳之后，被网友戏称为“永恒之神”。burst into

47、 tears是固定搭配，意为“突然哭出来”。 故填intOo.考查非谓语动词。句意：她为球队的胜利哭了起来，下半场她大胆地将经验丰富但受伤的王爽换 下年轻球员张琳艳之后，被网友戏称为“永恒之神”。after此处是介词，后跟动名词形式作宾语。 故填 replacing o40 .考查代词。句意：尽管上半场落后两球，但我们一直鼓励自己不断进攻，因为我们知道我们可以 把球赢回来。此处宾语与主语we一致，应填反身代词。故填ourselves。41 .考查非谓语。句意：“我们满怀信心来到这里是为了寻求冠军，我们做到了！张琳艳含着泪水 说。本句中came是谓语动词，所以seek使用非谓语动词形式，根据句意

48、此处表示目的，应填不定式 作目的状语。故填to seeko第五节、短语选择填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）【解析】47.考查短语。句意：一一我要办理入住手续。一一你预订了吗？短语check in为“登记” 之意。would like to do sth.想要做某事，不定式to后接动词原形。结合句意，故填check in。48 .考查短语和时态。句意：我很期待能和你们在乡下度过一个愉快的假期。短语look forward to为 “期待”之意。主语I与look forward t。之间为主动关系，所以根据am可知，用现在进行时。结合 句意，故填 looking forward too.

49、考查短语。句意：除了她们的美丽，我还从模特身上看到了一些惊人的东西。短语。therthan为 “除了 ”之意。结合句意，故填Other than。49 .考查短语和时态。句意：这些动物是中国特有的，所以你在其他国家找不到它们。短语be unique t。为“对来说是独特的”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语These animals为复数形式， 谓语动词用are。结合句意，故填are unique to。50 .考查短语和时态。句意：男孩编了一个故事让他的父母高兴，但他从心底感到内疚。短语make up 为“编造”之意。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填madeup。51 .考查短语和时态。句意：去年夏天的洪水造成一百多人死亡。短语be responsible for为“对负责”之意。根据时间状语last summer可知，用一般过去时。主语是The floods,谓语动词用复数 were。结合句意，故填 were responsible for