专题01词类短语辨析-2022年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（解析版）.docx

《专题01词类短语辨析-2022年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（解析版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题01词类短语辨析-2022年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（解析版）.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题01词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词)、短语辨析一、2022年高考真题1. (2022年全国甲卷语法填空).Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬)to the ancient Silk Road.64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be hiscompanion during the trip.

2、Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,0(X) plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34

3、countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas 68 (high) mountain.Now, Cao has started the second part of his drcam to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 69 Xian to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xian in five months.64 .

4、【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡自愿在旅途中与他作伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一 个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅吾吾素开头，应用a,空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。65 .【答案】protection【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental 可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。66 .【答案】meaningful【解析】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容

5、词 meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。68 .【答案】highest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞 力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africas可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉， 应用形容词最高级。故填highest。69 .【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步返回到西 安。根据句意和Xi5an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from,固定搭配from.to.4.【答案】ave

6、ragely【解析】考查副词。句意：为了弥补饮食中有限的能力，它每天平均要吃9-14公斤的竹笋。修饰动词eals 需用副词作状语。故填averagely。6.【答案】【解析】考查代词。句意：它大的体格和圆圆的脸也适应了竹子的食性。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里 考查形容词性物主代词，修饰后面的名词短语large size and round face。故填Its。8 .【答案】or【解析】考查连词。句意：考虑到大熊猫的I岁相当于人类年龄的3岁或4岁，它超过了人类100岁的标 准了。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考杳并列连词表示“或者”的意思。故填。9 .【答案】animals【解析】考查固定搭配。

7、句意：大熊猫是世界上最受欢迎并被保护的稀有动物之一，并且是世界上为数不 多的被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产名录的动物之一。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配one of +复数名词，表示“之一的意思。故填animals。6. （2021.安徽.淮南第二中学三模短文改错）Chatting or laughing, we felt we had never had more enjoyable time. Two weeks flew by, and it was time forus to say goodbye. Many students came to see ourselves o

8、ff.1 .答案】or一and【解析】考查连词。句意：谈笑风生，我们觉得从未有过这么愉快的时光。此处聊天和笑是并列的动作， 需要用and连接，故将or改为and。2 .【答案】more前面加a【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：谈笑风生，我们觉得从未有过这么愉快的时光。have a .lime是固定搭配， 此处lime是可数的，故在more前面加a。3 .【答案】ourselvesus【解析】考查人称代词。句意：许多学生来送别我们。see sb。仟表示送别某人，此处宾语和主语所指不同， 宾语不能用反身代词，故将ourselves改为us。10. （2021.宁夏青铜峡市宁朔中学二模短文改错）My gr

9、andfather was the Chinese traditional literature lover. He seemed to know everything about it. I used to be take to bookstores,. However, I fell in love with books as a little kid and found very interesting to read stories.1 .【答案】the-*a【解析考查冠词。句意：我父亲是一位中国古典文学爱好者。lover是可数名词单数，a/an用于表示“一” 之意的物质名词前，表泛指

10、，冠词后的词语Chinese是辅音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词a。故将ihe改成a。 2.【答案】taketaken【解析】考查不定式的被动式。句意：我过去常常被带到书店，在那里一待就是好几个小时。不定式的被 动式的基本结构是to be done, take的过去分词是taken故将take改成taken（,.【答案】HoweverThcrcfbrc/Thus【解析】考查连词。句意：因此，作为一个小朋友，我喜欢上了读书并且发现读故事很有趣。根据上文used to be taken to bookstores, where we would stay for hours. ”可知，经常去书店与喜欢

11、读书构成因果关系。However表示转折关系，不符合语境。故将However改成Therefore/Thus。4 .【答案】在found之后加it【解析】考查形式宾语。句意：因此，作为一个小朋友，我喜欢上了读书并且发现读故事很有趣。句型： 主语+ find + it + adj. + to do sth.表示“发现做某事是怎么样的it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式“to read stories”。故在 found 之后加 it。11. （2021宁夏青铜峡市宁朔中学二模短文改错）.I especial liked Sun Wukong, a romantic figure of brav

12、e and adventure. Now I realized that without my grandfather, I wouldnt have formed the habit of reading. Long after graduating from high school, but I have already decided to choose Chinese literature as my major.1 .【答案】especialespccially【解析】考杳副词。句意：我特别喜欢孙悟空，一个代表勇敢和冒险精神的浪漫主义角色。副词修饰动词， 此处修饰动词like,需要副

13、词especially。故将especial改成especiallyo2 .【答案】bravebravery【解析】考查名词。句意：我特别喜欢孙悟空，一个代表勇敢和冒险精神的浪漫主义角色。名词所有格 的基本结构是：名词+ of +名词,因此需将形容词brave改成名词bravery o故将brave改成bravery。3 .【答案】realizedrealize【解析】考查时态。句意：现在我意识到，没有我的父亲，我不可能养成阅读的习惯。表示主语现在的状 态，需要用一般现在时，而不是过去时。故将realized改成realize。4 .【答案】afterbefore【解析】考查固定短语。句意：在

14、高中毕业很久之前，我就已经决定选择中国文学作为我的专业。long before 意为“在很久之前”,根据文章可知，作者很爱阅读，在高中毕业之前已经确定了自己喜欢的专必long after 意为“很久之后”不符合文意。故将after改成be fore 05 .【答案】删除bul【解析】考查连词。句意：在高中毕业很久之前，我就已经决定选择中国文学作为我的专业。如果使用but, 此句就没有主句了。“Long before graduating from high school”是现在分词短语作时间状语，主句是I have already decided to choose Chinese liter

15、ature as my major.。 故删掉 but。12. （2022黑龙江哈尔滨三中三模）Popularity is the state of being liked, enjoyed or supported by others. Natural, we all desire to win popularity in one way or another. To enjoy popularity, we are supposed to regard the class as our big family and try our best to take active part in a

16、ll our class activities. We should be responsible for the work and keep team spirit on mind.【答案】1 .NaturalNaturally2.lake 后加 an 3.onin4,othermothers5. hesitatedhesitate【解析】1.考查副词。句意：自然，我们都渴望以这样或那样的方式赢得声望。副词naturally作状语修饰整 个句子。故Natural改成Naturally o.考查冠词。句意：我们应该把班级当作我们的大家庭，尽我们最大的努力积极参加我们班级的所有活动。 lake

17、an active part in“积极参加。active首字母的发&为元音音素。故lake后加an。2 .考查介词。句意:我们应该对工作负责,并牢记团队精神。keep sth in mind “记住某事”为固定短语。故 on改成irio.考杳代词。句意：要成为一个受欢迎的学生，我们必须表现出对他人的尊重、关心和同情。表示其他人用 others 做 for 的宾语,故 other 改成 otherso14. （2022黑龙江哈尔滨三中三模）To be a popular student, we must show our respect, concern and sympathy for ot

18、her. As a result, we never hesitated to lend a hand to those in need. We ought to be strict with ourselves in everything we do it at school and make an effort to achieve all-round development, be good not only at our lessons but also at sports, music, painting, social services and so on.【答案】1. hesit

19、atedhesitate.删掉do后面的it2 .bebeing【解析】1.考查时态。句意：因此，我们要亳不犹豫地向那些需要帮助的人伸出援手。本句在陈述事实，所 以本句为一般现在时，与整篇时态一致。故hesitated改成hesitateo2 .考查代词。句意：我们应该严格要求自己在学校做的每件事，努力实现全面发展，不仅在我们的课程， 而且在体育，音乐，绘画，社会服务等。everything为先行词作d。的宾语，所以it省略。故删掉do后面的 ito.考查现在分词。句意：我们应该严格要求自己在学校做的每一件事，努力实现全面发展，不仅在我们的课 程，而且在体育，音乐，绘画，社会服务等方面都做得很

20、好。本句已经有谓语动词，所以begoodat用非谓 语动词与we在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故be改成being。15. （2022四川省泸县第二中学三模）During the Tomb Sweeping Festival, apart from visiting to tombs, I spend a week helping my family pick tea. It was extremely hard job. I started out with picking early in mornings and went back later in evenings.【答案】1.

21、去掉 visiting 后的 to 2.spend-*spent3.在 extremely 前加 an 4.1ater+late【解析】1.考查介词。句意：清明节期间，除了扫墓，我还要花一周时间帮家人采茶。visit为及物动词，后 不用介词。故将visiting后的to去掉。2 .考查时态。句意见上题解析。叙述过去所发生的事，应用一般过去时，故将spend改为spent。3 .考查冠词。句意:这是一项极其艰难的工作。修饰可数名词单数job,表示泛指,应用不定冠词，又因extremely 为元&素开头，应用an。故在extremely前加an。4 .考查副词。句意：我一大早就开始采摘,晚上很晚才

22、回来。结合句意,late表示“晚”,later表示“后来”, 根据句意，此处用前者。故将laler改为late。16. （2022四川省泸县第二中学三模）Do this job is not easy. Tea is to be picked and then collect together for being processed in a machine. It is getting easy to process tea via machines than by hand. Besides, there is no need （o sell tea to factories for mo

23、ney any more. We just make （hem for ourselves. Chinese lea is nice and I often drink it with great satisfactions.【答案】I .DoDoing 2.collectcollected 3.easyeasier4.them it5.satisfactionssatisfaction【解析】1.考杳非谓语动词。句意：做这项工作不容易。d。为非谓语，在句中作主语，应用动名词的形式。 故将Do改为Doing.考查非谓语动词。句意：茶叶将被采摘，然后收集在一起,用机器加工。collect在句中和

24、and前的to be picked 并列用不定式的被动式作表语，需用过去分词表被动。故将collect改为collected。2 .考查形容词比较级。句意：用机器加工茶叶比用手加工容易多了。根据后面的“than （比）”可知应用形容 词的比较级。故将easy改为easier。3 .考查代词。句意：我们只是为自己做的。此处代词指代上句的不可数名词tea,应用代词it。故将them改 为ito.考查名词。句意：中国的茶叶很好喝，我经常喝，感觉很好。固定短语wilh satisfaction满意地。故将satisfactions 改为 satisfactiono表示“从到。故填from。2. (20

25、22年全国甲卷短文改错)My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. He showed me how his medical instruments were used. I felt so closely to him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him. The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle

26、it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. With (he efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other belter.1.【答案】去掉my【解析】考查短语。句意：当我不上学时，我的爸爸经常带我去他的医院。off school为固定短语，表示“不 在上学时”，school前面不加任何限定词。故将my去掉。3 .【答案】closelyclose【解析】考查形容词。句意：我对他感觉如此亲近。felt为系动词，后面用形容词作表语，表示“亲近的

27、”， closely为副词，此处用close。故将closely改为closeo4 .【答案】becomebccamc【解析】考查动词时态。句意：然而，在我上了高中之后，不知怎么的，我开始疏远他。全文用一般过去 时，动词become应改为过去式became 0故将become改为became o9 .【答案】orand【解析】考查并列连词。句意：一天，他和我交谈，并且希望修补我们的关系。根据语境，talked with me” 与“hoped to mend our relations”为顺承、递进关系，用and连接。故将or改为and。10 .【答案】all-both【解析】考查限定词。句意

28、：在两方的努力下，我们开始更好地理解对方。结合语境可知，此处表示作者 和父亲双方，用both修饰sides,表示两方，all用于三者及以上。故将all改为both。3. (2022年全国乙卷语法填空)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chines

29、e Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and (he 64(large)tea-producingcountry, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.The First International lea Day Te

30、a Road Cooperative Initiative issued (发布)at the ceremony calls fbr people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion-Tea Road Cooperative Planwas also issued in accordance with the initiative.The Chinese Ancient

31、Tea Museum was officially unveiled (*曷幕)at the ceremony, opening 7() (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of TruthA Special Exhibition of Puer Tea.61. by【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据 句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“bc+过去分词+by”。故填by。62. the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物饵举行了一系

32、列活 动。特指Iniernalional Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词ihe。故填he。64. largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶H的主要推动 者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国， 所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。65. responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者, 中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填 responsibility o67. and【

33、解析】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来， 促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote 的宾语。故填and。70. its考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真普 洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。4. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错)We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.Maybe it is because

34、the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. When you ride a bicycle, you dont use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger. Our cities w

35、ill be belter places if we replace cars with bicycle.1.【答案】greatly great【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好 运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。 故将 greatly 改为 great。3.【答案】在because后加of【解析】考查介词。句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”，后面 接从句，短语because of表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,the combination of fresh air, smooth movement a

36、nd exercise 是名词短语。故在 because 后加 of。5 .【答案】they you【解析】考查代词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you 可知,这里假设“你”骑自行车,前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。6 .【答案】cause causing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进 行时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。10 .【答案】bicycle bicycles【解析考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更

37、好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中 的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。5. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56 (cover)an area about three limes 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks i

38、n the country.After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving b

39、ehind precious natural assets(资产)fbr future generations. The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate62(population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level ofpopulation in (he wild.Giant pandas also serve64an umbrella species(物种),bringing protection to a

40、 host of plants and animals inthe southwestern and northwestern parts of China.56 .【答案】Covering【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中以及有一谓语动词作非谓语“will be”，且无连词，动词cover需要 用非谓语的形式。cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首 字母大写。本句句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之-o故填 Coverings.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。本句的结构为：倍数+lhe+名词(sizeAvei

41、ght/lenglh .)+of B,表示“是B (大小/重量/ 长度)的多少倍。本句句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。 故填the。60 .【答案】is designed【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述 客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。本句句意： GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，维护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留 下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。故填is designed361 .【答案】and【解析】考查连

42、词。设空处无提示词，且前后为并列关系，应用and,连接三个指导原 则“protecting., preserving and leaving 本句句意。大熊猫保护区(GPNP)旨在体现“保护自然生态系统 的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产的指导原则。故 填 ando.【答案】populations考查名词。设空处和and后的更数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数 的形式，注意population为可数名词。本句句意：大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独江种 群和家园之间的联系，并最终达到野外

43、种群的理想水平。故填populations。62 .【答案】eventually【解析】考查副词。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。本句 句意：大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系，并最终达到野外种群 的理想水平。o 故填 eventuallyo.【答案】as【解析】考查介词。固定短语：serve as (充当)。本句句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和 西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。故填as。6. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空)37 Brown family live in

44、 an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 38 (sleep) while watching TV.Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 39 (sec)

45、 them. When he looked down, he 4() (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 41 screamed for his father, but his father didnt hear him. He saved my 44 (son) life, said Mrs. Brown. .37 .【答案】The【解析】考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词 与Brown family构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏

46、，意为“某某家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首， 首字母应该大写。故填The。38 .【答案】asleep【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词 作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的，asleep符合 句意。故填asleep。39 .【答案】to see【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一 把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意， 他要爬到阳台去

47、看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用tod。不定式作FI的状语。故填losee。40 .【答案】accidentally【解析】考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空 处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的“，其副词为accidentally,意 为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。41 .【答案】and【解析】考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构, 设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此

48、处表示并列关系。故填and。44 .【答案】sons【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系， 故应该使用名词所有格。故填sons。二、2022届模拟题（2022海南嘉积中学模拟预测语法填空）Though you were not selected as a volunteer of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, every applicant is 5 excellent promoter fbr the Olympic spirit andvolunteerism,the committee says in the letter.1.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。句意：虽然你没有被选为北京2022年冬奥会和残奥会的志愿者，但每一位申请者都是 奥林匹克精神和志愿者精神的优秀推广者。根据句意，excellent promoter前应为不定冠词an,表示泛指， excellent以元音音素开头。故填an。1. （2022江苏连云港二模）Il has been a major part of trad