2022-2023学年天津市和平区高三上学期9月第一次统练英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2022-2023学年高三上学期9月第一次统练英语试题解析版第I卷注意事项:L每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干 净后，再选涂其他答案标号。2.本卷共55小题，共95分。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. It is cold and the ground is wet; it have rained last night.A. mightB. canC. mustD. should【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。

2、句意:天气冷，地也是湿的；昨晚肯定下雨了。A.might可能；B.can能，会；C.must 一定；D.should应该。根据句子分析可知，前文提到“it is cold and the ground is wet”可知，前文给出了理 由，故此处表示对过去肯定的推测，“肯定做过某事”表达为must have done sth.,故选C。2. Theres little chance that we will be successful in trying to change the present situation., it is vital that we try our best.A.

3、MeanwhileB. OtherwiseC. ThereforeD. Nevertheless【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们成功改变现状的可能性很小。然而，我们尽最大努力是至关重要 的。A. Meanwhile与此同时；B. Otherwise否则；C.Therefore因此；D.Nevertheless然而，不过。根据句意 可知，空格前后两句话为转折关系。故选D。3. In less than 3 months, the world the Asian Games.A. was watchingB. watchedC will be watchingD. has b

4、een watching【答案】C【解析】第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AA recent study found that experiencing or even just anticipating uplifting events in daily life was related to feeling less depressed that same day. The study, conducted by Professor Lisa Starr at University of Roch

5、ester, found that a decrease in depression was especially marked when the experience included interpersonal uplifts, such as participating in fun activities with friends or family.A number of laboratory-based studies suggest that the mood of people with depression is relatively unresponsive to posit

6、ive stimuli（刺激物）.In other words, when people with depression experience a positive event in the laboratorylike receiving a financial rewardtheir mood is unlikely to improve markedly. The issue here is that laboratory research doesnt always translate to real-life settings.The Rochester study is one o

7、f a growing number of studies examining how real life events with direct relevance to study participants affect their mood. The authors wanted to know if people with different levels of depression felt better when good things happened to them. The answer is simple一yes. The same is true for the expec

8、tation of good things to come.The study included 157 young adults of whom two-thirds had mild, moderate, or severe depressive symptoms. The remaining third had no symptoms, allowing the authors to examine whether the level of depressive symptoms changes the way people respond to positive experiences

9、. The study subjects completed a two-week online diary, tracking their mood as it related to recent and anticipated positive events in their liveslike time spent with friends, or exercising.Those who reported higher levels of depressive symptoms at the beginning of the study, showed stronger associa

10、tions between daily uplifts and lower daily depressive symptoms, particularly when the uplifts were interpersonal in nature.“The findings have really important implications for treatment and are compatible with a treatment model called Behavioral Activation, which suggests that if you can help depre

11、ssed people to engage in positive experiences-despite their low motivation to do so-their mood may improve J says Starr. In other words: If youre feeling seriously blue, make an effort to do something fun with friends.36. What did the new study find?A. Sociable people are less likely to experience d

12、epression.B. People with depression are good at predicting the future.C. Every one of us experiences depression from time to time.D. Positive social activities can reduce peoples depressive mood.37. What can we learn about the positive stimuli of the Rochester study?A. They produced little effect.C.

13、 They were financial rewards.38. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. How the study was conducted.C. What affects participants, mood.B. They were laboratory-based.D. They were related to real-life events.B. What the result of the study is.D. How long the study took.39. Which participants? mood was mo

14、st responsive to daily uplifts?A. Those with no depressive symptoms.B. Those with mild depressive symptoms.C. Those with severe depressive symptoms.D. Those with moderate depressive symptoms.40. What does the underlined word compatible“ in the last paragraph mean?A. Unrelated.B. Consistent.C. Comfor

15、table.D. Popular.【答案】36. D 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。最近的一项研究发现，在日常生活中经历或仅仅是预测令人振奋的事件，可 以让你在当天感觉不那么抑郁。本文介绍了实验的研究过程和实验发现。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第段 u A recent study found that experiencing or even just anticipating uplifting events in daily life was related to feeling less depressed that same d

16、ay.（最近的一项研究发现，在日常生活中经历或仅仅 是预测令人振奋的事件，可以让你在当天感觉不那么抑郁。）可.知，新的研究发现，积极的社交活动可以减 轻人们的抑郁情绪。故选D项。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段 “ A number of laboratory-based studies suggest that the mood of people with depression is relatively unresponsive to positive stimuli. （许多基于实验室的研究表明，抑郁症患者的情绪对 积极刺激相对没有反应。）及下段 “The Rochester

17、study is one of a growing number of studies examining how real life events with direct relevance to study participants affect their mood. ”（罗彻斯特的研究是越来越多的研究 之一，这些研究旨在研究与参与者直接相关的真实生活事件如何影响他们的情绪。）可推知，在Rochester 的研究中，积极刺激与现实生活中的事件有关。故选D项。【38题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段 “The study included 157 young adults of whom

18、two-thirds had mild, moderate, or severe depressive symptoms. The remaining third had no symptoms, allowing the authors to examine whether the level of depressive symptoms changes the way people respond to positive experiences. The study subjects completed a two-week online diary, tracking their moo

19、d as it related to recent and anticipated positive events in their lives一like time spent with friends, or exercising.,（这项研究包括 157 名年轻人，其中三分之二有轻度、 中度或严重的抑郁症状。剩下的三分之一没有症状，这让作者可以研究抑郁症状的程度是否会改变人们对 积极体验的反应方式。研究对象完成了为期两周的在线日记，记录他们与生活中近期或预期的积极事件（如 与朋友相处或锻炼）相关的情绪。）可知，第四段解释了研究是如何进行的。故选A项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第

20、二段 “Those who reported higher levels of depressive symptoms at the beginning of the study, showed stronger associations between daily uplifts and lower daily depressive symptoms, particularly when the uplifts were interpersonal in nature.（那些在研究之初就报告了较高程度的抑郁症状的人，表现出了 日常情绪高涨和较低的日常抑郁症状之间更强的联系，尤其是当这种情绪高

21、涨在本质上是人际关系时。）可 知，有严重抑郁症状的人的情绪对日常的情绪高涨最敏感。故选C项。【40题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段 “The findings have really important implications for treatment”（这些发现对 治疗有非常重要的意义）及 “a treatment model called Behavioral Activation, which suggests that if you can help depressed people to engage in positive experiences-despite their

22、 low motivation to do sotheir mood may improve（一种被称为行为激活的治疗模式，它表明，如果你能帮助抑郁症患者参与积极的体验一一尽管他 们动机不高一一他们的情绪可能会改善）可知，这些发现对治疗有非常重要的意义，并且与一种叫做行为 激活的治疗模型是一致的，consistent与compatible意义相近，表示“一致的”。故选B项。BWhen I was young, a friend and I came up with a big plan to make reading easy. The idea was to boil down great

23、books to a sentence each. Moby-Dick“ by American writer Herman Melville, fbr instance, was reduced to: “A whale of a tale about the one that got away. As it turned out, the joke was on us. How could a single sentence convey the essence （精髓）of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages?Blinkist, a we

24、bsite and an app, now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled “blinks. The end result is more than one sentence, but not by much. Sarah Bakewelfs At the Existentialist Ca隹”is broken into 11 screens of information; Michelle Obamas Becoming fills 13.Blinkist has been around sin

25、ce 2012. It calls its summaries 15-minute discoveries“ to indicate how long it takes to read a Blinkist summary. Almost none of us J the editors assure us, “have the time to read everything wed like toread. Well, yes, of course, So many books, so little time J declares a poster I once bought at a bo

26、ok market. But I judge the quality of someones library by the books he or she has yet to read.Thats because a book is something we ought to live with, rather than speed through and categorize. It offers an experience as real as any other. The point of reading a book is not accumulating information,

27、or at least not that alone. The most essential aspect is the communication between writer and reader. The idea behind Blinkist, however, is the opposite: Reading can be, should be, measured by the efficient uptake （吸 U攵）of key ideas. No, no, no. Whafs best about reading books is its inefficiency.Whe

28、n reading a book, we need to dive in, let it take over us, demand something of us, teach us what it can.Blinkist is instead a service that changes books for people who dont, in fact, want to read. A 15-minute summary misses the point of reading; speed-reading with the app isnt reading at all.41. Wha

29、t does the underlined part the joke was on us“ in Paragraph 1 mean?A. We were actually joking.C. We were underestimating ourselves.42. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. What Blinkist is.C. How to use Blinkist.B. We were laughed at by others.D. We were just embarrassing ourselves.B. Why Blinkist is

30、 popular.D. Where you can use Blinkist.43. What is mentioned as a problem about reading in paragraph 3?A. There are few new books of quality.B. Many books are hard to understand.C. People do not have enough time to read.D. People do not like reading as much as before.44. What is an ideal pattern of

31、reading according to the author?A. Obtaining key ideas efficiently.B. Further confirming our beliefs.C. Accumulating in formation quickly.D. Deeply involving ourselves in books.45. What is the authors attitude to Blinkist?A. Positive.B. NegativeC. Uncaring.D. Tolerant.【答案】41.D42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B

32、【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。在一切都追求速度的今天，我们的阅读似乎也快了起来，Blinkist是一款新的以 被标记为“眨眼”的快速拍摄形式来总结非虚构作品的应用。然而在作者看来，这款应用所提供的的阅读 方式并不是真正的阅读，因为真正的阅读是需要我们深深地沉浸其中的。【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第段As it turned out, the joke was on us. How could a single sentence convey the essence （精髓）of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages?（事实证明，这个笑话

33、是针对我们的。一句话怎么能传达 一本超过五百页的杰作的精髓呢？）”可知，事实证明我们的试图用一句话来总结一本好书的想法是不现实 的。由此推知，划线句的意思是“我们只是在让自己难堪”。故选D项。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Blinkist, a website and an app, now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled “blinks.（Blinkist是一个网站和一款应用程序，现在它以被标记为“眨眼”的快速拍摄形式总 结非虚构作品）”可知，文章第二段主要是在介绍Blinkist这款

34、阅读应用和网站。故选A项。43题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “Almost none of us J the editors assure us, “have the time to read everything we9d like to read.” Well, yes, of course, So many books, so little time J（“几乎没有人，”编辑们向我们保证，“有时 间读我们所有想读的东西。”是啊，当然“书那么多，时间那么少J）”可知，阅读中的一个问题是人们没 有足够的时间去阅读。故选C项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “When rea

35、ding a book, we need to dive in, let it take over us, demand something ofus, teach us what it can.（当我们阅读一本书 时候，我们需要沉浸其中，让它接管我们，向我们提出要求, 教会我们它所能教给我们的）”可知，在作者看来理想的阅读方式是让我们自己深深地沉浸其中。故选D项。 【45题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ Blinkist is instead a service that changes books for people who dont, in fact, want to read.

36、 A 15-minute summary misses the point of reading; speed-reading with the app isnt reading at all.（相反， Blinkist是一个为那些实际上不想阅读的人更换书籍的服务。15分钟的总结忽略了阅读的要点；用这款应用 进行快速阅读根本不是在阅读）”可知，作者对于这款应用的态度是否定的。故选B项。CEverything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning-and th

37、e fears of something going badly wrong.The future, however may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW o

38、f power compared with the l,000MW-plus from a conventional reactor. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors （AMRs）一most of which will not be commercial until the

39、 2030s-are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.“The physics hasnt changed. Ifs about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation/7 said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurer

40、s, which insures nuclear sites in the UK.Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in Fra

41、nce; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.The UK, w

42、hich opened the worlds first commercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear powers ability to restore c

43、onfidence.However, the countrys agreement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point-which together will generate 3.2GW of electricityhas come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vital to the countrys f

44、uture energy mix. Small reactors, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to 56m in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government ho

45、pes the funding will give the UK a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.46. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)?A. AMRs

46、 produce more power than traditional reactorsSmall in scale, AMRs rose more safety risksB. So far most AMRs have not been put into use yetGovernments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMRs47. In paragraph 5, the author mentions the plants in Western Europe and the US to.A. prove that nuclea

47、r power has been threatened by safety concern.B. show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more that the budget available.C. indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speed.D. point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology.48. What can be infe

48、rred from the passage?A. Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plantsThe UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy.B. The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been deserteda kind costs for small modular reactors would be

49、 higher relative to large nuclear reactors.49. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?A. Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights onTraditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactorsB. Nuclear 9s share of power generation remain steadNuclear power looks to shrink its way to su