高中英语虚拟语气用法详解.docx

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1、虚拟语气用法详解一、条件句中的虚拟语气1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出i种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的i种不可能获得 的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be )IJ were) should +动词原形 were to +动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原 形现在动词过去式(be用were)would / should / might / could + 动词原 形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could h

2、ave + 动 词过去分词2.条件中的虚拟语气的举例(1)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.如果他要上清华大 学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.如果他要来的话,他会通知我们声。(2)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he were free, he would help us.要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。If he studied at t

3、his school, he would know you well.如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很 热悉。(3)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about il.我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告 诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1)当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但 在倒装虚拟结构

4、及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机 会。(2)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an eng

5、ineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现 在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, wc would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就 不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她f。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：四、含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。 但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往

6、往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的 手段有：(1)介词或介词短语，如 but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition 等。the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today =If there hadnt been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.A. In spite of B. But for C.

7、Because of D. As for 答案选 B。But that she was afraid, she would have said no.(2)连词,如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若),for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是就好了)等。She listened carefully in order (hat she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listen

8、ed carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.If only I had more money, I could buy a car.(S： lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不 用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以 免我们听不懂。Care must be taken in using this meth

9、od lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心i革慎， 以免会发生溢流现象。(3)通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep 选择 B。 (4)形容词及其比较级A more careful person would

10、not have made so many mistakes.A less conscientious man vvouldift have tried so hard to get this job done.(5)分词短语Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.(6)动词不定式短语。一般 intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完

11、成式 或 had inlended/meanl/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.To hear him speak French, you would lake him for an Englishman.She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.Il would be easier to do i( this way.(7)名词短语和名词+and结构A judicious man w

12、ould not have committed suicide.A diligent student would have worked harder.(8)独立主格结构All things considered, the price would be reasonable.(9)定语从句Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气：I should have

13、 called to make an airline reservation, but I didnt.The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.(11)动词原形表示虚拟动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟，最常见于正式文体中，动词原形一般用在条 件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。God bless you!All magnets behave the same, be the

14、y large or small.Shell be sixteen years odd, com May.(comc May =whcn May come).If that be so, we shall lake action at once./鼓励 作者：cyberwonn-发布时间：11-9 2:50:45强化训练：虚拟语气1. Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may bemore careful, his ship would not ha

15、ve sunk.A. If the captain were B. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been2. If he me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should call B. should not have been ableC. were not able D. arc not able3. If you asked your father you permission.A. may get B. might get C.

16、should have called D. maybe gettoday, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves6.I you, I would go with him to the party.A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were7.Thc millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand,all practical v

17、alue by the time they were finished.A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lostHad Paul received six more voles in the last election, he our chairman now.A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would beIf you Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on t

18、he right was strange.A. shouldnt contact B. didnt contact C. werent to contact D. hadnt contactedhe English examination 1 would have gone to the concert last SundayA. In spile of B. But for C. Because of D. As forLook at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your adviceA. follow B. would follow

19、C. had followed D. have followedour chairman now.our chairman now.8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, heA. must have been B. would have been C. were D. hadnt contacted9. If the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have

20、wonThere is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, a sudden loud noise.A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having beenThe board deemed it urgent that these files right away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printedC. must be printedD. should be printed10

21、. Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-Amcrican poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzedC. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed17.1 would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it

22、 been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of last week.A. were B. had been C. have been D. wasapologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offendedIf you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, we,d there b

23、y now.A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circlingThe sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun round the earth.A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circlingwish that I with you last night.A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gonewish I with her.A.

24、 would be B. am C. was D. werewish (hai I the concert last night.A. could B. have attended C. could have attendedD. attendedThe picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish Ito it.A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone“I wish you me to put these things away,“ he said.A.

25、will help B. help C. are helping D. would helpIf the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurringD. be circlinghadnt expected James to apologize but I had hoped .A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to cal

26、l me D. that he call meGeorge would certainly have attended the proceedings .A. if he didnt get a flat tireB. if the flat tire hadnt happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flatlened itself28. The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP.A. write a composition on the

27、ir B. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions fbr his29. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he a Chinese.A. were B. had been C. is D. has beena great success, away for ages, as elephant.a great success, away for ages, as elephant.30. As

28、 usual, he put on a show as though his trip A. had been B. has been C. were D. was 32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he A. has been B. was C. is D. had beenJohn is so strongly built that he looks as if he A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift 34. He described the town as if he i

29、t himself.A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. seesAt that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evil dream.A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had wokeMost insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A. do B. dont C. didnt D. didnt doA

30、lthough most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt haveIt is important that the TOEFL office your registration.A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D.

31、must confirmWithout electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology .A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achievedC. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved35. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it.A. may have B. will have C. woul

32、d have D. might haveIt is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A. takes B. took C. has taken D. takingSome people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant all diplomas from elementary school to university.A. has B. will have C. should

33、 have D. must haveHe was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had comeI must say he reads very well, and I shouldnt be surprised if he acting for a living one day.A. had taken up B. takes upC. have taken up D. would have taken upIf I had seen (

34、he movie, Iyou all about it now.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have toldhadnt expected Henry to apologize but I had hoped .A. him t call me up B. him calling me upC. that he would call me up D. that he will call me47.1 had hoped that John a year in Africa, but he stayed there only

35、for three months.A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spendhad hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but she wasnt good enough at science.A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomesrd rather you anything about it for the time being.A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt5(). Id just as soon rudely t

36、o her.A. that you wont speak B. you not speakingC. you not speak D. you didnt speak51. Ils high time they this road.A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mendIts about time people notice of what women did during the war.A. take B. took C. have taken D. will takeEverybody has arrived. It?s ti

37、me wc the class.A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. startthe English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spile of B. But for C. Because of D. As forMary my letter: otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has receivedB. ought to have receivedC. couldnt ha

38、ve received D. shouldnt have received52. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he to see his classmates off.A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be comingHes working hard for fear that he .A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behindWithout the dre

39、ams of the youth, this invention might for a century.A. have been postponed B. has been postponedC. postponeD. be postponed53. In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home.A. worked B. would work C. work D. were workingFor a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature

40、 one, it requires that the child psychologically ready for the new idea.A. is B. were C. be D. would beToms father, as well as his mother, in New York fbr a few days more.A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stayC. asks he stays D. asks he stayYour advice that till next week is reasonable.A. she waits B.

41、 she wait C. wait she D. she waitedThe board deemed it urgent that these files right away.A. had to be printed B. should have been printedC. must be printed D. should be printed54. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signingIt is appropr

42、iate that some time thorough study of the results of (he Apollo mission.A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to 答案与详解A.条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。1. B.条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。2. A.条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。3. B.条件句表示与未来事实的相反。4. C.条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。5. D.条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。6. B.这个句子中含有一个省略if,把助动词提前到主语ihey之前的虚拟条件句，该条件 句表示

43、对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished表明主句也应该是对过去 发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B） would have lost为正确答案。7. （D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子e条件句省略了 if,把助词had提前到主语前 面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would（should, could, might）+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答 案。8. （D） until recently,因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是除含的对现在情况的假设，该句是 一个混合虚拟

44、条件句。9. （B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、 without,由连词but、副词otherwise、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句 主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试, 我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选Bui for为正确答案。10. （C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做 但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的 是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。11.

45、 D.注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。12. A.从句对过去的虚拟。13. B.从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。14. （D） it是形式宾语，urgenl是宾语补足语，thai引导的从句是真正的宾语从句，该从句 的内容被认为是urgent （急迫的），这样从句的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气形式，即should （可 以省略）+动词原形。因此，本题正确答案是（D）。15. （C）在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动 词要用虚拟语气形式，即should（可以省略）+动词原形。16. （D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，

46、但事实上并没有发生，而事实上 没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导 的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。17. （B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize（抱歉）来看， if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A）,因为（A）是现在时。（C）中 should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的 might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事 实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也

47、不合题意。（B ） had offended表示当时已 经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件 句。18. （A）该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假 设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。19. （A） as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be 动词用were）或woukl（could等）+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式， 故（A）是正确答案。20. D.21. D.22. C.23. A.24. D.25.

48、( B ) had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用 should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。26. (B) had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型，虚拟语气would+动词 原形。27. (C)表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should. could, might)+have+过去分 词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。(B), (D)的表达不符 合英语表达习惯，所以(C)是正确答案。28. (A) suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should (可以省略)+动词原形。29. A.表示与现在相反的虚拟。30. A. as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。31. D. felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。32. D. as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。33. A. as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。34. C.35. (D) would raiher后