英语四六级作文必背(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、写作部分1、基本形式三段落式：按照题目提纲划分段落，提纲即是每段中心句。四级作文考试就是主题提纲写作。2、评分标准及注意事项切题：围绕该段所给的中心句（提纲）来写相关内容。语言：（后面环节详解）。连贯：运用列举法，使段落结构清晰；要避免使用一些过于熟悉的词汇和短语；参考星火范文。3、备考策略备考目标：由句到段才是四、六级考查的核心问题，由段中心拓展出分中心。拓展手段：运用列举分类、细节说明、比较对照、正反论证等手段，具体可以参看别人的范文。4、临场写作技巧：黄金三原则 翻译提纲句作为中心句，放在段首；确定主体段落，主体段落要列举和分类，并运用连接词；加入醒目、吸引

2、评卷人眼球的细节信息，句子要正确、出彩。以下的是一些结构和固定搭配.一、 +is+ the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) +is+ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kin

3、dest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。） 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of prot

4、ecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否认的.） 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.） 例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are

5、indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.） 例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 七、An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的优点是.） 例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any po

6、llution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致

7、于.） 例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V （虽然.） 例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The + er + S + V, the

8、 + er + S + V The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more + Adj + S + V（愈.愈.） 例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake. 你愈努力，你愈进步。 Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 十二、By+Ving,can（借着.，.能够.） 例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 十三、enable+Object（受词）+to+V（.使.

9、能够.） 例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V（我们绝对不能.） 例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、Itistime+S+过去式（该是.的时候了） 例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 十六、Thosewho（.的人.）

10、例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 十七、Thereisnoonebut（没有人不.） 例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege. 没有人不渴望上大学。 十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不.） 例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 十九、It isconceivableth

11、at+句子（可想而知的） Itisobviousthat+句子（明显的） Itisapparentthat+句子（显然的） 例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 二十、Thatisthereasonwhy（那就是.的原因） 例句：Summerissultry.ThatisthereasonwhyIdontlikeit. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 二十一、Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.） 例句：Forthepast

12、twoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingfortheexamination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。 二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。 例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。 二十三、Itpaysto+V（.是值得的。） 例句：Itpaystohelpothers. 帮助别人是值得的。 二十四、bebasedon（以.为基础） 例句：Theprogressoftheesocietyisbasedonharmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 二十

13、五、Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的） 例句：Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was necessary to say.2. 强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3. All+抽象名词或抽象名词+itself(very+形容词)He was all gentleness to her.4. 利用词汇重复表示

14、强调A crime is a crime a crime.5. something(much)of和nothing(little)of something of相当于to some extent，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为anything of，可译为有点，略微等。译为毫无，全无。much of译为大有，not much of可译为算不上，称不上，little of可译为几乎无。something like译为有点像，略似。They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a s

15、cholar.6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，of以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰of后面的那个名词。如her old sharper of a father，可译为：她那骗子般的父亲。Those pigs of girls eat so much.7. asascan(may)beIt is as plain as plain can be.8. It is in(with)as in(with)It is in life as in a journey.9. as good as相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。The merchant as go

16、od as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.10.many as wellas和might as well as many as wellas可译为与其，不如，更好，以这样做为宜，如同，也可以等等。might as wellas表示不可能的事，可译为犹如，可与一样荒唐，与其那样不如这样的好等等。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.11.to makeof的译法(使成为，把当作)I will make a scientist of my so

17、n.12. oo+不定式，not(never)too+不定式，toonot+不定式She is too angry to speak.13. only(not, all, but, never) too to do so 和too ready (apt) + to do结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是not，allbut等字后+tooto，不定式都失去了否定意义，在too ready(apt) +to do结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。You know but too yell to hold your tongue.14. no more than句型A home without love

18、 is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.15. not so muchas和not so much as 结构，not so muchas=not so much as ，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：与其说是毋须说是。而not so much as=without(not)even，可译为甚至还没有。The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.16. Nothing is morethan和Nothing is so as结构，Nothin

19、g is morethan和Nothing is so as都具有最高级比较的意思，Nothing I可换用no，nobody，nowhere，little，few，hardly，scarcely等等，可译为没有比更为，像再没有了，最等。Nothing is more precious than time.17. cannottoo结构,cannottoo意为It is impossible to overdo或者，即无论怎样也不算过分。not可换用hardly，scarcely等，too可换用enough，sufficient等。You cannot be too careful.18. 否

20、定+but 结构，在否定词后面的but，具有which not，who not，that not，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成没有不是或都等。Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.19. 否定+until (till)结构，在否定词no，not，never，little，few，seldom等的后边所接用的 until/ till，多数情况下译为直到才，要才，把否定译为肯定。Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.20. not sobut和not such a but结构，

21、这两个结构和否定+but的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的but是含有thatnot意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为还没有到不能做的程度，并不是不，无论怎样也不是不能等。He is not so sick but he can come to school.21. 疑问词+shouldbut结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为nonebut，可译为除了还有谁会，岂料，想不到竟是等。Who should write it but himself?22. who knows but (that)和who could shouldbut结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为多半，亦未可知等等，有时

22、也可直译。Who knows but (that) he may go?23. 祈使句+and和祈使句+or结构，祈使句+and表示Ifyou，祈使名+or表示ifnot，you。24. 名词+and结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。A word, and he would lose his temper.25. as,so结构，这里的so的意思是in the same way(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.26. if any结构，if any和if ever

23、，意思是果真有，即使有，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：if anything(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，if a day(=at least，至少)。There is little, if any, hope.27. be it ever(never)so和let it be ever(never)so结构，这里，be it中的be是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用let it be。ever so和never so都表示同一意思，都表示very。Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.28. th

24、e last+不定式和the last +定语从词结构，这种结构中的last意思是the least likely，用于否定性推论。可译为最不大可能的，最不合适的，由原意的最后一个变成最不可能的一个。He is the last man to accept a bride.29. sothat句型，这个句型的意思是如此，以致于，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成如此以致于，而是变通表达其含义。He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.30. more + than+原级形容词(副词)结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的more有ra

25、ther的意思。It is more than probable that he will fall.31. more than +动词结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为异常，岂止，十二分地等。This more than satisfied me.32. good and 的副词用法，译为非常，很等。类似还有nice and , fine and , lovely and , bright and , rare and , big and 等，均表示程度。The apples are good and ripe.33. and that结构，这个and that应译为而且，表示对它前面陈述

26、部分的语气加强，that代表前面的整个陈述部分。Return to your work , and that at once.34. at onceand结构，这个结构译为既又，起相关连接的作用，相当于bothand。The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.35. in that结构，这个结构的意思是在那一点上(方面)，可译为因为。类似的结构还有in this。The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.36. the name notwithstanding

27、结构，这个结构中notwithstanding是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成：notwithstanding the name。起让步状语的作用。Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored. But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.37. Everynot和Allnot结构，Everynot表示不见得每个都是；Allnot表示不见得所有都是的意思

28、。Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.38. may as well notas结构，此结构可译为与其不如不。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.39. have only to do结构，此结构表示只须(消)就能的意思。We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.40.

29、not (no) unless句型No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.41. betterthan句型Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.42. as it were是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是好象，可以说等。Apiece of iron near a magnet, though ap

30、parently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.43. 复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even hon

31、est. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.44. notany more than为：不能，正如不能。 One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing

32、 by the pool.45. By that as it may是Let it be that as it may的省略形式，是由be引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是虽然如此，尽管这样。It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with m

33、an far more quickly than the blood poison.46. if at all是一个由if引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为即将，即使等。 I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.47. 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accu

34、rate than wine will explore its remote corners.48. range from to结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.49. the way结构I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed

35、 things the way they ought to be discussed.50. 复杂宾补结构In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.51. 某些分隔结构1) 动词短语相关部分被分隔(当make use of ，take notice of，pay attention to，

36、等动词短语变成被动语态时)。Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.2)双重定语引起的分隔。But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.52. to be doingwhen是一个句型，多译为某人

37、正在做时，突然。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 oclock, when a very big, very tall man, accosted them and demanded their purses.53. tooto句型Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to

38、the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.54. so much that句型But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much tha

39、t he could never have enough of it.55. when引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为当的时候，它还有许多种译法。Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much

40、 better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.56. notbecause，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.57. so

41、that, suchthat是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.58. by d

42、oing结构。这个结构的意思是通过(做)，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.59. 下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or

43、 so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.60. whatof句型I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.61. 英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think(believe)时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.62. to have not(as) to see中的不定式也有否定意味。He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity