专题05动词的时态语态和主谓一致-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通题型突破（新高考专用）（解析版）.docx

《专题05动词的时态语态和主谓一致-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通题型突破（新高考专用）（解析版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题05动词的时态语态和主谓一致-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通题型突破（新高考专用）（解析版）.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题05动词的时态、语态和主谓一致1 .(2021 山东威海期中,37)Friendship is one of lifes greatest gifts,and it (value)in both Eastern and Western cultures.答案】is valued【解析】句意:友谊是生命中最重要的礼物之一，东西方文化都重视友谊。根据前一分句中的 is“可知，此处应用般现在时，且it与value为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单 数形式，故填is valued02 .(2021 湖南五市十校联考,63)Nine spacecrafts (send) to study

2、Jupiter by now.【答案】have been sent【解析】根据时间状语by now可知，此处应用现在完成时；且谓语动词与主语为被动关系, 所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。3 .(2021 北京朝阳区期中,18)If one person breaks the rules, more people (follow) him and do what they want.【答案】will follow【解析】句意:如果一个人违反了规则，更多的人会跟着他做他们想做的事。此处为主将从现. 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句用一般将来时。故填will follow04 .(2021 山西

3、太原质量监测,67)China launched a campaign against food waste in 2013 and(renew) the call early this year to create an increasingly prosperous society.【答案】renewed【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作并列谓语，根据and前面的谓语动词launched”和时 间状语early this year可知,空处应用一般过去时，填renewed05 .(2021 四川绵阳一诊,64)With the last satellite launched from

4、(he Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, ihe global network of 59 satellites (complete) since (hen.【答案】has been completed【解析】根据时间状语since then可知，此处应用现在完成时;主语the global network与 complete为被动关系，应用被动语态;且主语为单数形式，故填has been completedo6 .(2021 湖北部分重点中学联考,61)It is a landscape full of deep blues and sh

5、adows which represent the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he (paint), rather than what he was actually seeing.48.(2018 天津,13)My washing machine(repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.【答案】is being repaired【解析】句意:这个星期我的洗衣机在维修，因此我不得不用手洗衣服。语境表示现阶段正在 进行的动作，而且washing machine与repair为动宾关系，故此

6、处应用现在进行时的被动语态。 49.(2017 甲卷(全国 II ),68)Laler, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道)，which became known as (he Tube.【答案】managed【解析】因为engineers与manage之间为主谓关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed. 50.(2017 丙卷(全国 111 ),43)Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earni

7、ng a million dollars in the next year.【答案】has been told/was told【解析】此处动词tell与Sarah之间是被动关系，根据语境可知此处可以用现在完成时表示过 去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语为第三人称单数,故可填has been toldo此外被告知 “这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was toldo51 .(2017 浙江,62)Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen, checking every corner,but turned up nothing.【答案】search

8、ed【解析】结合后面的turned up”及语境可知，此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，故 填 searched )52 .(2017 北京,33)People have better access to health care than they used to, and they (live) longer now as a result.【答案】are living【解析】句意:人们现在的医疗保健比过去更便捷，所以现在人们更长寿。根据题干中的时间 状语now并结合语境可判断,这里应用现在进行时，叙述当前的情况。53 .(2017 乙卷(全国 1),64)When fat and s

9、alt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.【答案】are removed【解析】结合句中的lasles可知应用一般现在此fat and salt是动词remove的承受者,应用被 动语态。所以此处填are removed。54 .(2017 甲卷(全国 II ),65)Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages.【答案】were used【解析】结合常识可知，蒸汽机是过去的东西，而且Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，故用般过去时的被动语态。故

10、填were used。55 .(2017 北京,29)ln the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones(invent) yet.【答案】hadnt been invented【解析】句意：20世纪50年代，美国大多数家庭只有一部电话，那时无线电话还没有被发明出 来。根据句意以及句中的关键词In the 1950s和yet可知,空处用过去完成时;且wireless phones是动词invent的承受者，所以此处用过去完成时的被动语态。56 .(2017 江苏,27)He

11、hurried home, never once looking back to see if he(follow).【答案】was being followed【解析】句意:他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。根据“hurried”及句意可知，本 题应该用过去进行时的被动语态。57 .(2017 天津Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.【答案】is regarded【解析】句意:如今，与慢跑和游泳一样，骑自

12、行车被看作最好的全面运动形式之一。本句谓语 与主语之间是被动关系，表示“被看作”，应该用被动语态;句子主语部分是A along with B结构, 因此谓语动词应在人称和数上与A保持一致，即用单数形式。再由Nowadays可知应用一般 现在时,故is regarded 058 .(2017 江苏,24)The publication of Great Expectations, which (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.【答案】was

13、【解析】分析句子结构可知,which指代GrewErpecs，。心这本书，故定语从句中的谓语动词 应用单数形式;根据句中的strengthened可知，应用一般过去时。故填was。59 .(2016 浙江,9)Silk (become) one of ihe primary goods traded along (he Silk Road by about 100 BC.【答案】had become【解析】句意:到大约公元前100年,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上主要的交易商品之一。根据句意及“by about 100 BC”可知,become的动作发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。60 .(2016

14、 乙卷(全国 I),62)So it was a great honour.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.【答案】was allowed【解析】分析句子结构可知，主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系，故应用被动语态;且前一 句的was”表明此处应用一般过去时，故填was allowedo61 .(2016 北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) wit

15、h success in the end.【答案】will be rewarded【解析】句意:学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会获得成功。语境说学生一直在 努力学习(have been working hard),由此可知本空描述的是将来的动作，应该用一般将来 时;reward与(heir efforts之间为动宾关系，因此这里应用一般将来时的被动语态。62 .(2016 丙卷(全国 UI),62)Truly elegant chopsticks might(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【答案】be made【解析

16、】此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由带有汉字的金和银做成的。make与句子主语Truly elegant chopsticks之间是动宾关系，又由空前的might可知，此处应填be made。63 .(2016 甲卷(全国 II ),63)Lcaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.【答案】is【解析】此处是说把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，该句 的主语为动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow,故谓语动词应用

17、第三 人称单数形式，再结合句意和空后的“often”可知，此处叙述的是客观情况，应用般现在时。故 填is。64 .(2016 丙卷(全国 LLI),69)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) loo violent fbr use at the table.【答案】were【解析】根据句中的“believed”可知，此处应用一般过去时;believed后的宾语从句的主语为 knives,谓语动词应用复数。故填were。65 .As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful

18、 city, (win) the bid on September 16th, 2015. Thus, it will be the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games.【答案】won【解析】句意:众所周知,杭州,一座美丽的城市，于2015年9月16日赢得了主办权。因此，它 将是第三个举办亚运会的中国城市。句中有表示过去的时间状语on September 16th, 2015, 故谓语动词应用一般过去时。66 .Agricultural experts say having a large variety of plants (help) to

19、 protect against possible crop diseases and future crises.【答案】helps解析】分析句子成分可知，空格处在宾语从句中作谓语，从句主语是having a large variety of plants,谓语动词用单数形式。此处是对一般情况的介绍，时态应用一般现在时，故填helpso 67.He had his eyes on me,and I guessed he (consider) right then whether or not to tell me the truth.【答案】was considering【解析】句意:他盯着

20、我，我猜他当时正在考虑是否告诉我真相。结合句意和时间状语righl then 可知，此处是说当他盯着“我”的那个时候，即表示过去的某个时间正在发生的动作，用过去进 行时。主语he为第三人称单数，故填was considering068 .US writer Margaret Lee Runbcck once (write), Happiness is not a station you arrive at, but a manner of traveling. But traveling is not always happy, at least for the buddies in the

21、movie Green Book.The movie (adapt) from the true siory of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s.【答案】wrote;was adapted【解析】由once可知，第一空应用一般过去时。第二空，此处表示这部电影改编自真实的故事， 表示过去发生的事情，且The movie与动词adapt之间为被动关系，故用般过去时的被动语态。69 .Thc International Day of Families, which was started by the United Na

22、tions in 1993, (hold) on May 15th every year.【答案】is held【解析】根据时间状语every year可知，句子应用一般现在时;句子主语The International Day of Families表示单数概念，旦与动词hold之间为被动关系，故填is held。70.0ver the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty (mark) some significant success.【答案】has marked【解析】根据句中时间状语Over th

23、e past decade可知，应用现在完成时。主语a global push 是单数，故填has markedo in/during/over the past/last decade都表示在过去的十年里，通常与 现在完成时连用。1 1.If you give up in winter, you(miss) the hope of spring, the beauty of summer, and the harvest of autumn in your life.【答案】will miss【解析】句意:如果你在冬天放弃，你会错过你生命中春天的希望、夏天的美丽和秋天的收获。 if引导的条件

24、状语从句用一-般现在时表示将来，主句应用一般将来时，即“主将从现“原则，故填 will misso2 2.By the time the ban was finally lifted, he (sdck)a( (he airport fbr more than two weeks.【答案】had been stuck【解析】根据句中的时间状语从句By the time the ban was finally lifted可知，主句的谓语动作 发生在过去的过去,且动词stick与he之间为被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。注意动 词stick的过去式和过去分词均是stuckc73Jack(wo

25、rk)in the lab when the power cut occurred.【答案】was working【解析】句意:杰克正在实验室工作，这时停电了。be doing sth. when表示正在做某事这 时本题考生可能由于没有掌握when用作并列连词的特殊用法而误填worked。when 用作并列连词常用于句驾was/were doing sth. when.;was/were about to do sth. when.”。74 .Choosing a career is important because most of the time in our lives(spend)

26、on work.【答案】is spent【解析】根据句中的is及语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时。从句主语为most of the time in our lives;most of+the+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与。后的名词的单复数保持一 致;time为不可数名词，且主语与谓语动词spend之间为被动关系,故空格处填一般现在时的被 动语态形式is spento75 .(2020 全国 II )Each of us carried a basket and a pair of scissors, (快速爬上 梯子并开始摘橘子).76 .(2020 新高考 1(山东)With the

27、intention of enriching our campus life, (我 们学校组织了 场5千米越野赛)last Sunday.77 .(2020浙江)Through your tireless work, (我们所有人在英语学习上都取 得了 很大进步),especially in spoken English.78 .(2020 浙江)1 believe in the near future, (我们将不辜负您的期望).79 .(2018 全国 I)The elderly (通常是第一个品尝)the food served on the table because (他们很受尊敬

28、)in China.【答案】75.quickly climbed up the ladder and started to pick oranges.our school organized a 5km cross-countiy running race77 .all of us have achieved much progress in English study.we will live up to your expectations78 .are usually the first to taste; they are well respected【能力提升】A专项语篇型填空Ther

29、e 1 (be) a new modern art exhibition downtown for the last three days, which _2 (close) this coming Sunday. Having got two tickets for it, I 3 (consider) inviting my friend Tony to go along with me. I know that he 4 (finish) his paper by Sunday and can afford the time.He once 5 (tell) me that he lik

30、ed modem art, so I think he will be interested in (his exhibition. Just this morning, when I entered my office, my colleagues 6 (talk) about it. and some of them said they 7 (go) to see it already. The exhibition 8 (hold) in ten more big cities in America after it goes to San Francisco next week.Ive

31、 just called Tony and he has agreed to go with me, saying that he 9 (look) forward to going to an exhibition for months. I will call for him this Sunday. Ill go home for lunch now, as I 10 (starve).【解析】本文讲述了作者准备邀请好友一起去看一个展览的事情。1 .has been考查现在完成时。句中的时间状语for the last three days”是现在完成时的标志, 故填 has been

32、o.will/is going to close; is closing考查一般将来时或现在进行时表将来。根据时间状语”this coming Sunday”可知这里用一般将来时,或用现在进行时表示将来。2 .am considering考查现在进行时。从语境看，作者买了票，现在正在考虑邀请托尼去看展览, 因此用现在进行时表示当前正在进行的动作。3 .will have finished考查将来完成时。句中的时间状语表明这里说的是对持续到将来的某种 情况的推测，用将来完成时。等到星期天的时候，他的论文就已经完成了。4 .d考查一般过去时。根据句中的状语once判断,此处应用一般过去时，表示过去

33、的动作。 6.were talking考查过去进行时。语境表示当我进办公室时，我的同事们正在谈论这个展览 ”，应该用过去进行时表示过去某个时候正在进行的动作。7 .had gone考查过去完成时。主句使用了一般过去时，此时宾语从句的时态与主句呼应，用过 去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻之前已经发生的动作。8 .will be held考查一般将来时的被动语态。此处叙述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且主 语与hold之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态.9 .has been looking考查现在完成进行时。时间状语for months表明这里要用现在完成进行 时表示较长时间里一直在做某事。

34、10 .am starving考查现在进行时。这里表示作者此时很饿，用现在进行时表示当前正在发生 的动作。B语法填空(2020 湖北黄冈高三检测)Honeybee populations in the United States 1 (decrease) dramatically over (he decades. And a new study suggests that a certain kind of pesticide could be making things 2 (bad).The number of honeybees hasnt changed much over the

35、past few years, but the overall picture doesnt look good for an insect that plays 3 important role in our food supply. Scientists dont know for sure 4 this is happening. Pesticides and parasites (寄生虫)arc the most suspected reasons, according to a study recently published in a scientific journal. One

36、 suggests that neonicotinoids, types of pesticides that 5 (use) around the world, are incredibly poisonous to honeybees and other insects. Pari of the reason fbr that is (hat these pesticides appear 6_ (stick) around in the environment and stay dangerous for a long period of lime.Though theyre deadl

37、y to insects, neonicotinoids are not considered dangerous to humans. An ongoing challenge 7 farmers is finding ways to keep other insects away while _8(protect)bees. Pesticides may not discriminate the insects they kill, though neonicotinoid makers say the risk to bees is lower when they are used pr

38、operly. The U.S. Department of Agriculture says its 9 (likely) that theres one magic 10 (solve) to the problem, but there are a number of organizations trying to help honeybees.【解析】几十年来,美国蜜蜂的数量一直在大幅减少。一项新的研究表明,某种杀虫剂可能会 令情况进一步恶化。l.have decreased/have been decreasing 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语over (he decades常

39、与完成时连用;再结合语境可知,该句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时;由该句主 语Honeybee populations可知，谓语动词应用复数形式，故填have decreased或have been decreasing o.worse考查形容词的比较级。上文提到几十年来，美国蜜蜂的数量一直在大幅减少，此处表 示某种杀虫剂可能会使情况变得更糟。故填worseo2 .an考查冠词。play a role in.意为在中起作用,role是可数名词,其定语important的发音以元音音素开头，故填ano4,why考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作know的宾语;根据语境可知, 此

40、处表示科学家不能确定这一情况发生的原因。空处在从句中作原因状语，故填why。5 .arc used考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空前的关系代词that指 代先行词pesticides,在从句中作主语，故从句的谓语动词用复数形式;此处描述的为客观情况, 应用一般现在时;use与pesticides是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are used。6 .to stick考杳动词不定式。appear lo do s【h.是固定用法，意为似乎做某事。此处表示这些 杀虫剂似乎会在环境中滞留。7,for考查介词。此处表示对农民来说一项持续存在的挑战。故填for。8 .protecting

41、考查现在分词。此处表示”在保护蜜蜂的同时使其他昆虫远离”，在时间状语从句 中常省略主语和be动词,且从句主语与protect为主谓关系，故用现在分词。9 .unlikely 考查词形转换。根据该句中的but there arc a number of organizations trying to help honeybees”可.知，美国农业部表示,不太可能有一个神奇的解决方案。故填unlikely。lO.solution考杳名词。空前的magic是形容词，且magic前乂有数词one,故此处应用名词单 数形式solutiono令一关注有礼令学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取80套PPT教

42、学模版令海量教育资源一触即达令新鲜活动资讯即时上线于学科网【答案】was painting【解析】句意:这是一幅充满深蓝和阴影的风景画，代表着梵高绘画时感到的悲伤，而不是他实 际看到了什么。根据句意可知，此处表示“正在绘画的时候”，应用过去进行时，主语为he,所以填 was paintingo.(2021 上海师大附中期中,28)The white settlers and American Indians lived in peace at the beginning,but conflicts finally(arise)and led to the Indian War(l 866-18

43、90).【答案】arose【解析】根据时间状语(1866-1890)可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填arose。7 .(2021 贵州贵阳摸底考试，65)Like Chinese music, African music is very rhythmic each instrument (tell) its own story, makes you a part of it and takes you on a different journey.【答案】tells【解析】空处与makes和lakes并列作句子的谓语，应用一般现在时；旦空处所在句表示“每 种乐器都在讲述自己的故事，由

44、此可知应用主动语态，主语each insirument”为单数形式，故此 处填tellso.(2021 河南洛阳统一考试，68)Xin Xing (a female panda), born in Sichuan Province in 1982, (rescue) in the wild and sent to Chongqing Zoo in 1983.【答案】was rescued【解析】根据句中的时间状语”in 1983”可知，空处应用一般过去时;且此处表示“大熊猫被救， 应用被动语态;且主语Xin Xing为单数概念,故应填was rescued。10(2020 全国 I,61)Th

45、e unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)一the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】.touched【解析】句中有时间状语last week,故用一般过去时。11 .(2020 全国 H,62)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.【答案】carries【解析】

46、在why引导的表语从句中，动词-ing短语decorating.flowers作主语，谓语动词用单数, 并且此处讲的是客观事实，用一般现在时。12 .(2020 新高考 1(山东),40&41)The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection (be) on display.【答案】arc called; is【解析】分析句子结构可知，第一空所在句的主语为The pans of a museum,设空处为谓语动词

47、, 与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境可知这里为客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。第 二空根据Often及语境可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为only a small part of a museum,s collection,是单数形式，故此处用is。13 .(2020 浙江,61 )By about 6000 BC, people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.【答案】had discovered【解析】根据时间状语By about 6000 BC可知,句子谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had d

48、iscovered o14 .(2020 天津，9)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain)around that level ever since.【答案.has remained【解析】ever since是解题关键,与现在完成时连用。the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语 动词用单数。【易错点拨】remain通常不用于进行时。15 .(2020 江苏,22)If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that (suit)everyone.【答案】suits【解析】句意:如果你从各个方面看待这个情况，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。 根据语境可知，此处陈述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时;that.everyone为定语从句，主语that 指代a solution,为单数形式，故谓语动词用单数，故填suits。16 .(2019 全国 I,65)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increase