2022-2023学年辽宁省大连市滨城联盟高三(上)期中英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
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1、20222023学年辽宁省大连市滨城联盟高三(上)期中英语试卷ADuring the teenage years, hormonal (荷尔蒙的)changes lead to physical changes like rap 1211 muscle growth, burst in height, and weight gain in both boys and girls.Take a look at the information and height and weight charts for teens presented in this article if the questi
2、onHow much should I weigh for my age and height is bothering you.Average Height and weight Charts for Teens Faster growth in kids usually can be noticed at age 8.Genetic factors also determine the physical growth of a child.So, it is perfectly normal for two kids of the same age to have different we
3、ights and heights.The following figures should be used as guidelines only.For BoysFor GirlsAgeHeightWeightHeightWeightin YearsIn InchesIn PoundsIn InchesIn Pounds12135862851006 0639510514 156366105 12563 6410511516- 176770130- 15064115- 12018206870150 16064125130Ideal Body Fat PercentageFit men have
4、 14% - 17% body fat.Fit women have 21% - 24% body fat.Male athletes have 6% - 13% body fat.Female athletes have 14% - 20% body fat.The ideal body fat percentage varies mainly according to age, sex and the physical acivity of the individual.But it is a fact that some female athletes have body fat as
5、low as 10% and some male athletes had lower than 4% body fat.So, it can be observed that other than the above mentioned factors, genetic factors also influence the body-fat ratio (比率).Body Mass Index (BMI)You may use the following formula to calculate our BMI:As per SI Unit(s 国际单位)BMI= mas (kg) /hei
6、ght (meters) 2 Following conclusions can be derived from (t 导到)calculating the BMI:The little girl headed back down to the old mans house. From that day on something changed inside the old man.答案和解析13.【答案】A、C、B【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一个表格下的第四段The ideal body fat percentage varies mainly according to age, sex
7、 and the physical acivity of the individual.But it is a fact that some female athletes have body fat as lo w as 10% and some male athletes had lower than 4% body fat.So, it can be observed that other than the above mentioned factors, genetic factors also influence the body-fat ratio (比率).(理想的身体脂肪百分比
8、主要根据年龄、 性别和个人的身体活动而变化。但事实上,一些女性运动员的体脂肪含量低至10%, 一些男性运 动员的体脂含量低于4%。因此,可以观察到,除了上述因素之外,遗传因素也影响体脂比。)可 知本文中提到了(决定孩子身体成长的)所有因素基因,性别,年龄,除了营养。故选A。(2)细节理解题。从图表 For Boys 12-13 岁,身高 58-62 inches; For Girls 12-13 岁,身高 60-63 inches, 可知在青少年初期女孩比男孩长得快。故选C。(3)数字计算题。根据第二个表格的上一段As per SI Unit (s国际单位)BMI= mas (kg) /hei
9、ght (meters) 2 Following conclusions can be derived from (t 导到)calculating the BMI:(根据国际 标准单位BMI=mas (kg) /身高(米)2,通过计算BMI可得出以下结论:)可知一个男孩身高 1.5米,体重68公斤,那么他的BMI是30.22,再结合第二个表格的倒数第二行可知这个男孩是 obese o 故选 B。本文是一篇应用文,在青少年时期,荷尔蒙的改变会导致身体的变化,在身高和体重上都会改变, 男孩和女孩的变化是不一样的。身高和体重的变化是否正常,本文给出了具体的计算方法。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的
10、逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。47.【答案】C、C、B、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一S The vacuum cleaner was screaming, and worse still, I had to empty the bag several times (吸尘器在尖叫,更糟糕的是,我不得不几次清空袋子)可知, 戴森非常不喜欢所用机器的工作方式,文中drove me crazy, lost it都表示他
11、非常不高兴。因此 C.Dyson was not a little annoyed when the vacuum cleaner went wrong.(吸尘器出问题时,戴森非常 恼火。)符合题意。故选C。(2)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 However, I was still in financial difficulties until 1993 , when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $ 1 million.Then my bagless vac uum cleaner was produc
12、ed in large numbers.Within two years,the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.(然而,直到 1993 年,我的银行经理亲自 说服劳埃德银行借给我1000万$1,我还是陷入了财务困境。然后我的无袋式吸尘器就大量生产 了。两年内,戴森真空吸尘器成为英国最畅销的产品。)可知戴森获得100万美元的贷款后,无 袋吸尘器被大量生产出来,故选C。(3)推理判断题。根据第二段 By 2, 627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies.By 3,
13、 727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash,and we were getting further and further into debt.These were tough times, but with my family ,I pulled through and each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.(至lj 2627 年,我和妻子真 的开始精打细算了。到了 3727年,我妻子开始教艺术课来赚些外快,我们的债务越来越多。这些 都是艰难的时期,但是
14、和我的家人一起,我度过了难关,每一次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一 步。)可知,没有妻子家人的帮助,戴森的发明可能以失败告终。因此B.Dyson might owe his success to his family (戴森可能把他的成功归功于他的家庭)符合题意。故 选B。(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段Today,I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of my life. n Go out and brainstorm new ideas. I often tell myself.(今天,我仍然把风险和失败的可能性
15、作为我生活的一部分。”走出去,集思广益。 “我经常告诉自己。)可知戴森今天扔接受风险和潜在的失败作为人生的一部分,并不断尝试新的 想法。因此D.He who never failed might never succeed.(从不失败的人可能永远不会成功。)是戴 森的座右铭。故选D。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了戴森吸尘器的失败与成功。一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在 十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺 序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。二、看题干,
16、带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对 文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。 其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息 进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系, 研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖 掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer
17、, imply, suggest, indicate 等。四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量, 掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因 果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。811 .【答案】D、C、B、D【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句They are also said to befgreenerpets because their smaller appetites mean less area of land required to far m the foo
18、d .(它们也被认为是“更环保”的宠物,因为它们较小的胃口意味着种植食物所需的土地面 积更少。)可知,猫“更环保”,对环境的影响较小。故选D。(2)词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句Staff from New Horizon network team have carried out a study which lasted a fortnight and they publish ed their conclusion on their home page last Friday- dogs are better pets than cats .(新地平线网名各 团队的工作人员进行了一项为期两周
19、的研究,并于上周五在他们的主页上发表了他们的结论-狗 是比猫更好的宠物。)以及第五段With the scores tied at five-all,the deciding point fell on usefulness - with dogs coming out on top.(由于比分是五平,所以决定因素 就落在了狗的有用性上。)可知,作为宠物,狗比猫好一点,划线部分by a whisker意为”一点儿, 结合选项,A.considerably,相当多地;B.in some aspects在某些方面;C.a little bit有点,有几分;D.exactly the same完全一
20、样。分析可知,C项符合语义。故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据第四段第三句Even four-month-old puppies choose a human companion over another dog.(即使是四个月大的小狗也 会选择人类伴侣而不是其他狗。)可知,四个月大的小狗更有可能选择一个人类伴侣。故选B。(4)标题归纳题。根据全文内容,结合第一段Which are the better pets, cats or dogs?Staff from New Horizon network team have carried out a study which lasted a for
21、tnight and they publish ed their conclusion on their home page last Friday- dogs are better pets than cats .(猫和狗,明卜个 是更好的宠物?新地平线网络团队的工作人员进行了一项为期两周的研究,并于上周五在他们的 主页上发表了他们的结论-狗是比猫更好的宠物。)可知,文章通过比较猫和狗的特点,认为狗 是比猫更好的宠物。结合选项,A.Cats beat dogs猫打败狗;B.Fight like cat and dog像猫和狗一样 打架;C.Be friend w汕cats and dogs和
22、猫狗做朋友;D.Cats versus dogs猫和狗的竞争。分析可知, D项能准确地概括文章的大意。故选D。本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究表明狗是比猫更好的宠物。做阅读时首先要通读全文,理解文章大意,然后带着问题到原文中找信息句,仔细研究问题和跟 问题有关的句子,琢磨其意思,选出正确答案。1215.【答案】D、C、A、D【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But clearly there was more than a lack of language here.What was also missing was good mothering, in the first year
23、of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously influenced.(但显然, 这里不仅仅 是缺乏语言。同样缺少的是良好的母亲教育,特别是在生命的第一年,生存能力受到严重影响。) 可知,婴儿的死亡不仅仅是因为缺乏语言,还有母亲的教育。故选D。(2)细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句However,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitiv e to the
24、signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. (然而,有些孩子 在说话方面仍然落后。最常见的原因是母亲对婴儿的信号不敏感,而婴儿的大脑被设计成快速学 习语言。)可知,有些孩子说话落后的原因很可能是他们的母亲对他们尝试说话反应不够,错过 了语言敏感期。故选C。(3)词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句But speech has to and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother
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