UNIT44.1 getting ready & reading-【教材解读】2022-2023学年牛津深圳版英语八年级上册.docx

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1、Unit 4Inventions学习目标总预览 重点单词 名词advertisement 广告 telephone电话；电话机 wheel车轮；轮子 carriage（旧时载客的）四轮马车 century 世纪passenger乘客；旅客distance距离;间距mobile phone移动电话；手机lamp 灯candle蜡烛daytime 白天：F1 间 dust灰尘：尘土 wing（飞行器的）翅膀；机翼 introduction 弓| 言 petrol汽油动词create创造；创作invent发明;创造 develop开发;研制 形容词funny滑稽的；好笑的comfortable使人舒

2、服的；舒适的 practical有用的;适用的special特殊的;特别的副词anytime在任何时候：随便什么时候 介词since从以后；自以来instead of代替；作为的替换常用短语1. live a better life过更好的生活atthe startof在开始2. since then自那以来across the world 全世界3. keep in touch with 与保持联系as manyas和样多的4. inthe daytime 在白天keepoff便不接近(或不接触、远离)5. atthe sametime 同时asas 和一样6. at the weekend

3、 在周末use-to do sth.用做7. intheair 在空中a top speed ofkm / h最高速度达每小时千米8. turninto 变成instead of代替；作为的替换9. right now此时此刻work as担任工作10. allthetime 一直make a mess制造混乱11. a great success 巨大的成功millions of成万上亿的12. English-speaking countries 讲英语的国家referto 描述13. give signals 给出信号leadto 导致功能句型.谈论日常生活中的发明：(l)What do

4、 you think is the most important invention intheworld?(2)Great inventions change the world. They help people live a better life.(3)With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as many can in the daytime.(4)My dad uses it for hisjob. My mum uses it to buy clothes.(5)lt is fast, conv

5、enient and green!1 .运用形容词比较级或最高级描述事物：(l)The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history.(2)After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable.核心语法.形容词good、bad和far的比较级和最高级；2. (not)asas的结构学习。教材知识-细解读Getting ready&Reading英汉对译Getting ready课前准备(教材第49页)In this unit,you willlearn abo

6、utgreatinventions in history.在本单元，你将了解到历史上的伟大发明。Reading阅读, Read an article about great inventions-读一篇关于伟大发明的文章。Listening听力 Listen to advertisements for four funny inventions.听四则有趣的发明的广告。Grammar语法, Learn how to use the comparative and superlative of good,bad and far.学习如何使用good. bad和far的比较级和 最高级。, Lea

7、rn how to use (not)as.crs.,学习如何使用(not)asas。Speaking说, Learn to use rising intonation.学习使用升调。, Talk about the most useful invention to you and your family.谈论对你和你的家人最有用的发明。Writing写作, Write a short article about a new invention that you will create.写一篇关于你将要创造的一项新发明的短 文。advertisement此处用作可数名词，意为“广告”，可缩写为

8、ad,它以元音音素开头，其 前需加不定冠饲an。create是及物动词，意为“创造；创作；creation作可数名词,意为“创造物；creator 是可数名词,意为“创造者”：creative是形容饲,意为“有创造力的 Reading阅读(教材第50页)A What do you know about？关于你知道什么？Al Inventions change our way of life. Look at the photos below. Write the name ofeach invention in the blanks.发明改变了我们的生活方式。看一看下面的照片。在空白处写下每项

9、发明的名称。computerlight bulbpapertelephonetrainwheel电脑电灯泡纸电话火车轮子1 paper 2 light bulb 3 train 4. wheel 5 telephone 6 computerA2 How do these inventions help us in our daily lives?ln groups,discuss this withvour classmates. 这些发明在日常生活中是怎样帮助我们的?和你的同学分组讨论一下。Computers help us find information easily.电脑帮助我们容易地

10、找到信息。B Before you read 阅读前Lookat the photos,the title,the introduction and the sub-headings ofthe article onpage51. Thenanswerthequestionsbelow.看第51页上的文章的照片、标题、引言和小标题。然后回答下面的问题。1 What three inventions will the article talk about?文章将会谈论哪三项发明？Key： The wheel, the telephone and the light bulb.2 Which in

11、vention do you think is the greatest invention?Why?你认为哪一项发明是最伟大的发明?为什么？Key： I think that the wheel is probably the greatest invention. Because travellingbecame faster and more comfortable after its invention.Great inventions伟大的发明Great inventions change the world. They helpeoo/elive a better life . T

12、hefollowing arethreeofthemostimportantinventionsin history.伟大的发明改变世界。它们帮助人们过上更好的生活。卜.面就是历史上最重要的发明中的三 项。The wheel 车轮The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. After its invention, travelling became faster and morecomfortable. A few thousand years ago, people started touse wheels on carri

13、ages. In the early 19th century, the firsttrains began to carry passengers. At the start of the 20thcentury, cars became popular. Without the wheel, wewould not have these inventions. 车轮或许是历史上最伟大的发明。在车轮发明之后，出行变得更加迅速、更加舒适。几千年 前，人们开始在四轮马车上使用车轮。在19世纪初，最早的火车开始载运乘客。在20世纪 初，小汽车变得很流行。没有车轮。我们就不会有这些发明。The te

14、lephone 电话Alexander Graham Bellinvented one of the firstpractical telephones in 1876. Sincethen , people havebeen able to speak to each other over long distances. Todaymillions of people across the world own mobile phones. They allow people to keep i。touch with each otheranytime anywhere.亚历山大格雷姆贝尔在1

15、876年发明了第一批实用的电话之一。自那以后，人们可以彼 此远距离通话了。如今世界上无数人拥有手机。手机使人们能够与彼此随时随地保持联系。 The light bulb 电灯泡Thomas Edison developed：峻he first practical light bulb inl879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to useoil lamps, gas lamps or candles to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as many thi

16、ngs in the evenings 至they canin thedaytime. Can you imagine living without them?托马斯爱迪生在1879年研制了第一个实用的电灯泡。在电灯泡发明之前，人们在晚上不 得不使用煤油灯、煤气灯或者蜡烛照明。有了电灯泡，人们可以在晚上做和在白天一样多 的事情。你能想象没有电灯泡的生活吗？live a-life过着的生活（见要点详解1）thefollowing意为“下列”，该鳍构用作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面谈及的人或 物的单复数。comfortable是形容词，意为“舒适的，比较级为more comfortable,

17、最高级为most comfortable （in+the+序数词+century,用于表达“在多少世纪”。without作介词，意为没有此处句型Without，we would not do表示“没有我们就不能工invent是及物动词，意为“发明（见要点详解2）practical是形容饲，意为“有用的:适用的，它由名词practice去加形容饲后缎“-al” 构成。since then是副饲短语，意为“自那以来”，其后的句子常用现在完成时（have / has+动词的 过去分词）。allow是及物动词，句中意为“使可能”（见要点详解3）keep in touch with意为”与保持联系”。d

18、evelop此处用作及物动词，意为“开发；研制”。（ghs+many+可数名词复数+as,表示“和一样多的（见要点详解4） n the daytime表示“在白天”，其反义词组为at night,意为“在晚上”。magine是及物动词，意为“想象”。（见要点详解5）C Vocabulary 词汇Cl Find words from the article on page 51 that have similar meanings to the wordsin italics below.从第51页的文章中找出与下面的斜体单词意思相近的单词。1 My new shoes felt nice an

19、dsoft. （Iine7）我的新鞋子摸起来乂好乂软。我7行）comfortable2 This modem city was only a small village a hundredyears ago. （line 10）这个现代城市一百年前还是一个小村庄。（第10行） century3 All the peopleon thebus got excited when they arrived at the Great Wall, （line 11） 到达长城时，公共汽车上的所有人都感到很兴奋。（第11行）passengers4 The company produced a new ca

20、mera last year, （line 24） 这家公司去年生产了 款新照相机。（第24行：）developed5 The swimmingpoolis open duringtheday. （line 29）这个游泳池白天开放。（第29行）daytimeC2 Complete the conversation below with the words from the box. Change their forms if necessary.用方框中的单词完成下面的对话。必要时可改变词形。anytimecenturycomfortabledaytimepassenger任何时候世纪舒适的

21、白天乘客Bill： When did people first start using cars?比尔：人们是什么时候首次开始使用小汽车的？Maggie： People developed the first cars in the 1880s, and they started using cars a lot inthe early 20th century.玛吉：人们在19世纪80年代研制了第一批小汽车，在20世纪早期开始广泛使用小汽车。Bill： Im surethepeoplewereveryhappybecause carsare sofast and(2)comfortable.

22、比尔：我相信当时人们非常高兴，因为小汽车这么快，并且这么舒适。Maggie： Not really. These early cars were very slow. They also created a lot ofproblems. 玛吉：并不完全如此。这些早期的汽车非常慢，也产生了很多问题。Bill： Whatdoyoumean?比尔：你是什么意思、？Maggie： Most people still had horses then, and the new carsmade loud noisesendfrQhtened them. Also, (3)passengers often

23、 got very dirty after a long ride, so manypeople didn, tusethem. 玛吉：那时大多数人仍旧用马，这些新汽车发出很大的噪音，让人们感到害怕。此外，长时 间乘车之后，乘客们经常变得很脏，因此很多人不用汽车。Bill： I suppose that people could only drive in the(4)daytime because those cars didn thave lights. 比尔：我认为人们只能在白天开车，因为那些小汽车没有灯Maggie： That s not true. They had lights,

24、so people could drive themanytime.玛吉：那不对。它们有灯，因此人们能在任何时候驾驶它们。Make noises意为“发出噪音”,noise此处用作可数名词。Strategy学习策略Skimming略读Skimming means to read an article quickly to get its general idea. To skim an article, you should look at its introduction, title, sub-headings, photos or pictures, and the firstand l

25、ast sentences ofeach paragraph.略读是指快速阅读一篇文章以获取它的大意。要略读一篇文章。你应该看它的引言、标题、 小标题、照片或图片以及每段首句与末句。D Comprehension 理解DI Read the article on page 51 and complete the table below.读第51页上的文章并完成下面表格，The Wheel车轮The telephone 电话The light bulb 电灯泡Inventor 发明家Don t know. 不知也Alexander Graham Bell 亚历山大格雷姆-贝尔Thomas Edi

26、son 托马斯爱迪生Life after the invention 发明后的生活Travelling became fasterandmorecomfortable. 出行变得更加迅 速、更加舒适。People can speak to each other over lonn distances.人们能彼此远距离通话。People can (s)do as many things in the eveninns as they can in the daytime. 人们能在晚上做和在 白天样多的事情。D2 Read the article again and answer the que

27、stions below in complete sentences.再读一遍文章.用完整的句子回答下列问题。1 Which of the three things was invented first?这三件东西中被首先发明出来的是哪一件？The wheel was invented first.2 What inventions did the wheel make possible?车轮使哪些发明成为可能？It made the inventions of carriages,trains and cars possible.3 How do mobile phones help peo

28、ple keep in touch with each other?手机是怎样帮助人们彼此间保持联系的？They allow people to keep in touch with each other anvtime,anywhere.4 How did people see at night before the invention of the light bulb?在电灯泡发明之前。人们晚上怎样照明？They had to use oil lamps,&as lamps or candles to see at niht.*D3 Can you name some other gre

29、at inventions?Why do you think they are great?Discuss these with your classmates.你能说出其他一些伟大发明的名称吗?你认药它们为什么伟大?和你的同学讨论这些问题。要点详解live alife【详解】live a better life表示“过上更好的生活”。better是good的比较级。类似的短语有: live a good / rich / poor / healthy life意为“过上好的/富裕的/贫穷的/健康的生活”。, Linda lived a poor life after her mother d

30、ied.琳达在她母亲死后过着贫穷的生活。拓展live可用作不及物动词，意为“居住；生活, I like living in the countryside.我喜欢住在乡村。应用完成句子。你能给我一些关于如何过上健康生活的建议吗？Couldyougiveme some advice onhowto?1. invent【详解】invent是及物动词，意为“发明”。其名词形式有两个：inventor是可数名词,意为“发明家；invention作可数名词,意为“发 明物”，作不可数名词，意为“发明二, The telephone was invented in 1876.电话发明于 1876 年。辨析

31、invent 与 discoverinvent意为“发明”，指发明以前未曾有过的东西discover意为“发现”，指发现客观上已经存在，但不为人所知的事情或东西, Franklin discovered electricity,but Edison invented the light bulb.富兰克林发现了电，但爱迪生发明了电灯泡。应用单项选择。()lt, s said that Cai Lunpaper around 2, 000 years ago. What a greatheis!A.discovered； inventorB.invented： inventionC.discov

32、ered； invention D.invented： inventorallow【详解】allow是及物动词，意为“允许”。allow sb. (not)to do sth.意为“允许某人(不)做 某事”。, My mum allowed me to watch TV for a while because I did some housework.因为我做了些家务，妈妈允许我看一会儿电视。, My teacher allowed me not to do the homework because of my illness.因为我生病了，老师允许我不做作业。拓展allow后可跟名词或动词-

33、ing形式作宾语，不能直接跟动词不定式。, The driving test allows no mistakes.这次驾照考试不允许有失误。, Theydon tallow smokinginthis room.他们不允许在这个房间里抽烟。be allowed to do sth.意为“被允许做某事”, Passengers are not allowed to smoke.乘客不被允许吸烟。中考链接()(天津市中考)Myparents didn t allowmetotheparty.A. go B. to go C. goes D. went【点拨】allow sb. to do sth

34、.意为“允许某人做某事”,故选B。应用完成句子。蒂姆不允许他的女儿晚上与她的朋友外出。Tim doesn t allow his daughterwith her friends at night.2. asmany+可数名词复数+as【详解】asmany+可数名词复数+as,表示“和一样多的, Tom has as many pencils as his deskmate.汤姆有和他同桌一样多的铅笔。拓展as much+不可数名词+as,表示“和样多的”。, Tom did as much homework as l(did).汤姆和我做了同样多的家庭作业。应用完成句子。我有的书没有她的多。

35、I dont thaveher.5.1 magine【详解】imagine是及物动词，意为“想象”，后跟名词、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语。 注意：imagine后不能跟动词不定式。 I can t imagine what life will be like on the moon。我无法想象在月球上的生活是什么样子的。应用单项选择。()ThegirlimaginedatriptotheMoon.A. take B. took C. taking D. to take参考答案Getting ready&Reading 要点详解live a healthy life1. Dto go out2. asmanybooks asC