食用油脂与人体健康精品文稿.ppt

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1、食用油脂与人体健康第1页，本讲稿共17页1 油脂中的脂肪酸及其分类 油脂主要成分为三酰甘油类(即三甘油酯类)。约占油脂的95%，其他少数成份为：单酰甘油类(即单甘油酯)、双酰甘油类(即二甘油酯)等。植物油加工过程中也混进一些脂溶性物质，如：磷脂、糖脂、植物甾醇、脂溶性维生素和其他微量物质等，工业上称为“油脂伴随物”，它们与油脂一起，统称为脂类。第2页，本讲稿共17页 2 各种脂肪酸对人体一些生理功能的影响21 饱和脂肪酸 食用油脂中，除了少量低碳(C4C10)饱和脂肪酸及硬脂酸外，其他饱和脂肪酸被认为能够增加血液中胆固醇的浓度。硬脂肪酸由于在体内转化为油酸，故不易影响血液中的胆固醇的浓度。第3

2、页，本讲稿共17页22单不饱和脂肪酸含有1个双键的脂肪酸，称为单不饱和脂肪酸。通常指的是油酸(Oleic acid)以C1819表示。苦茶油、橄榄油和菜籽油等油脂含油酸较多。第4页，本讲稿共17页23 多不饱和脂肪酸231-6和-3型多不饱和脂肪酸含有2个或2个以上双键的脂肪酸称为多不饱和脂肪酸(PolyunstaruratedFattyAcid简称PUFA)。一般天然脂肪酸双键是以顺式的形态存在第5页，本讲稿共17页4营养、保健、安全和廉价新型食用 油的开发研究1)开发营养性功能性平衡调和油 利用不同类型油脂配制不同人群需要的烹调油和食品工业需要的烘焙油、油炸油、结构油(含单不饱和脂肪酸高)

3、的油脂。使其具有营养、保健、工艺、安全和耐贮性等优良品质。2)利用低温结晶分离饱和脂肪酸改进油脂品质 降低温度使高熔点之饱和脂肪酸结晶凝固析出，以提高单不饱和脂肪酸的含量，降低饱和脂肪酸的含量，此法已用于猪油和棕榈油品质改进第6页，本讲稿共17页3)分子重组与MCT油生产 美国开发一种中链三酰甘油(MCT)，其脂肪酸3/4是辛酸(含8个碳的饱和脂肪酸)，1/4是癸酸(含10个碳的饱和脂肪酸)这种产品易吸收和代谢，不会引起血液胆固醇浓度的增加。还具有许多保健功能。其制造方法是：用椰子油进行水解，将水解物分馏。把其中的中链脂肪酸与甘油化合形成MCT油。4)应用生物技术培育高油酸作物油脂 国外报道已

4、育成含单不饱和脂肪酸高的油脂作物有：Canola oil。什种向日葵油和什种红花油等。第7页，本讲稿共17页健康是你的权利，保健是你的责任，中老年人群是十大死亡慢性疾病发病数高的人群。要避免营养过剩和不平衡饮食。尤其对油脂的食物必须注意各种脂肪酸，要按比例平衡摄取才有助于健康。食品企业生产食用油及含油食品中，应特别注意油脂种类，合理搭配，为顾客健康安全服务。第8页，本讲稿共17页Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents1.Eat a variety of foods,with cereals（谷物）（谷物）as the staple（主食）（主食）Peo

5、pleshouldeatavarietyoffoodsbecausethenutritionalcomponentsinvarioustypesoffooddiffer.Onlybyeatingabalanceddietcomposedofavarietyoffoodscanwegetallthenecessarynutrients,thusachievingthegoalofrationalnutritionandgoodhealth.Therefore,weshouldeatawiderangeofdifferentfoods.第9页，本讲稿共17页2.Consume plenty of

6、vegetables;fruits and tubersVegetablesandfruitsarerichinvitamins,mineralsanddietaryfiber.Adietwithmorevegetables,fruitsandtubersiscrucialforthepreventionofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseases,theenhancementofimmunity,thereductionoftheriskofblindnessandincreasedmortalityinyoungchildrenandeventhepreventionofs

7、omecancers.第10页，本讲稿共17页3.Consume milk,beans,or dairy-or bean-products every dayInadditiontohighqualityprotein（蛋白质）andvitamins,milkanddairyproductscontainabundantcalciumthatiseasilyusedbythebody.Thesefoodsareexcellentnaturalsourcesofcalcium.BeansandbeanproductsaretraditionalChinesefoods.Theyarerichin

8、highqualityprotein,unsaturatedfattyacids,calcium,vitaminB1,vitaminB2andniacin（尼克酸）.第11页，本讲稿共17页4.Consume appropriate amounts of fish,poultry（家禽）（家禽）,eggs and lean meat;reduce fatty meat and animal fat in the diet.Chicken,fish,rabbitandbeefusuallycontainlessfatthandoespork.Theenergydensityofthesefood

9、sismuchlowerthanthatofpork.Peopleareencouragedtoeattheselowfatmeatsmoreoften,andtoreducetheirporkconsumption.第12页，本讲稿共17页5.Balance food intake with physical activity to maintain a healthy body weight.Foodintakeandphysicalactivityarethetwoprimaryfactors,whichdeterminebodyweight.Foodsprovideenergy-con

10、tainingmaterials,whichareburnedintheprocessofphysicalactivity.Whenapersonconsumestoomuchfoodand/orengagesintoolittlephysicalactivity,theextraenergyisstoredasfatthatincreasesbodyweight.Ifthisprocessofstoringfatcontinuesalongperiodoftime,obesity（过度肥胖）willoccur.第13页，本讲稿共17页Ontheotherhand,ifenergyintake

11、isnotenoughtomeetthedemandsofphysicalactivity,weightlossandinsufficientworkcapacitymayresult.Therefore,peopleshouldmaintainabalancebetweenenergyintakeandphysicalactivity.Thenyoucankeepfit.第14页，本讲稿共17页6.Choose a light diet that is also low in salt.Alightdietisbeneficialtohealth.Alightdietmeansthediet

12、iscomposedoflessfatandoil（油脂）,lesssalt,lessanimalfoodsandlessfriedorsmokedfoods.Atpresent,urbanresidentsinChinaareconsumingincreasinglyhigherlevelsoffatandoil,whichthreatenstheirhealth.第15页，本讲稿共17页7.If you drink alcoholic beverages（饮料）（饮料）,do so in limited amounts.Peopledrinkalcoholonfestivals,holid

13、ays,celebrationsandsocialoccasions.Spiritsarehighinenergybutprovidelittleornonutrients.Excessivedrinkingalsoincreasestheriskofhypertension（高血压）andthedangerofstroke.Socially,itmayleadtoaccidentsandviolence,whichareharmfultotheindividual,publicsafetyandthestabilityofthesociety.第16页，本讲稿共17页8.Avoid unsanitary（不卫生的）（不卫生的）and spoiled foodsOneshouldchoosecleanfoodswithnormalcolorandnormalsmell.Andpayattentiontosanitaryconditionsincludingthediningenvironment,tablewareandtheservershealth.Remembertheadagediseasegainsitsentryviathemouth.Finally,whishallofyougoodhealth!第17页，本讲稿共17页