名词性从句教学课件详解.ppt

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1、Grammar learning1.我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。My dream is that I can enter a key university.2.我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。That I can enter a key university is my dream.I have a dream that I can enter a key university.3.我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学4.我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。I alw

2、ays dream that I can enter a key university.Whats your dream？在复合句中起名词作用的从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句叫名词性从句 (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）。）。名词从句的功能相当于名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词词组,它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语、同位语表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为功能，名词从句又可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句。名词性从句名

3、词性从句辨别下列名词性从句的类别：辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.5.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句

4、表语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A.That B.What C.Why D.If2.I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A.that B.which C.whether D.what3.This is _ he was often late for school.A.what B.that C.why D.whetherPractice:主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句二、名二、名词性从句性从句连接接词的用

5、法的用法连接词连接词可使用的可使用的名词性从名词性从句句是否充当是否充当从句的句从句的句子成份子成份可否省略可否省略可否用其可否用其他词代替他词代替thatwhether特殊疑问词特殊疑问词what/where/when/which等等以上连接词的共同作用是以上连接词的共同作用是:主主/宾宾/表语从表语从句句主主/宾宾/表语从表语从句句主主/宾宾/表语从表语从句句否否否否是是否否否否动词后的宾语动词后的宾语从句可以省略从句可以省略否否否否动词后的宾动词后的宾语从句可用语从句可用ifif代替代替连接主句和从句连接主句和从句 (连接作用连接作用)三、名词性从句连接词的选用三、名词性从句连接词的选用

6、（1）that 和和what 的选用的选用他说的话伤害了我他说的话伤害了我.他说了谎他说了谎,这伤害了我这伤害了我.1.That he told a lie hurt me.2.What he said hurt me.主句主句主语从句主语从句主句主句主语从句主语从句 hurt me.What he said.(what 代替代替said 后面接的后面接的 sth.)hurt me.He told a lie.说明说明:连接词连接词that的作用的作用:_说明说明:连接词连接词what的作用的作用:_只是连接只是连接,不充当从句中的成分不充当从句中的成分不仅连接不仅连接,还充当从句中的宾语还充

7、当从句中的宾语（1）that 和和what 的选用的选用that 和和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中词性从句中_，可做从句的，可做从句的主主语、宾语、或表语语、宾语、或表语。而。而that在名词性从在名词性从句中句中_。充当成分充当成分不充当任何成分，只起连接作用不充当任何成分，只起连接作用that/what1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.

8、4.This is _ we want to know.5.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.WhatThatthatwhatwhatif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4.The question is _ he should do it.5.I dont know _

9、 he is well or not.6.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether（2）if 和和whether 的选用的选用Summary 总结总结 (不能使用不能使用if if 的情况的情况)：1.if只能用在只能用在动词后动词后的宾语从句的宾语从句,不能用在不能用在介词后介词后的宾语从句的宾语从句2.if 不能用在放句首的主语从句中不能用在放句首的主语从句中3.if 不能用在表语从句中不能用在表语从句中4.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.5.w

10、hether to do 做动词宾语做动词宾语,不能用不能用if to do.（3）其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义具体意义,正确的正确的选择选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用又起连接作用，同时，同时在从句中充当各种成分在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破

11、了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwhere（4）其它注意问题其它注意问题1.That 的省略的省略宾语从句中一般可省略，但引导多个从句时只可以省略第一个宾语从句中一般可省略，但引导多个从句时只可以省略第一个;主语从句和表语从句不能省主语从句和表语从句不能省When you leav

12、e,make sure(that)the door is closed and that the lights are turned off2.宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移在在I/We think(believe,suppose,guess,expect)等后面等后面的从句中，否定转移到主句。的从句中，否定转移到主句。I dont think he is right,_Iis he?3.Reason 后的表语从句后的表语从句The reason why he was so late was _ he missed the bus.(because/that)that名词性从句在句中

13、要用名词性从句在句中要用_语序语序,从句从句的引导词必须始终置于从句的的引导词必须始终置于从句的_1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what will man look likeB.what man will look likeC.man will look like what D.what look will man like陈述陈述总结归总结归纳纳：2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B

14、.how excited they wereC.how excited were they D.they were how excited 句首句首考点考点1 1语序问题语序问题2.Our physics teacher once told us that light _（travel）faster than sound.travels总结归总结归纳：纳：3)3)主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选从句谓语可根据需要选用用各种各种时态时态1.He said that he will go to the station.3.Tom says that Mary _(

15、go)abroad last year and _(be)there for nearly 5 months.1 1）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用过去过去的某种时的某种时态态2 2）主句的动词用主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句表示从句表示客观事实，格言，谚客观事实，格言，谚语语等等，从句谓语动词从句谓语动词用用一般现在时一般现在时wenthas been考点考点2 时态问题时态问题would何时开会还没有决定。何时开会还没有决定。When the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.他们何时出发

16、和他们去哪里还没有决定。他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用谓语动词则用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_形式。形式。总结归总结归纳：纳：单数单数复数复数hasWhen they will start and where they will go_(have)been still unknown.何时何地开会还没有决定何时何地开会还没有决定。Wh

17、en and where the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.havehas单数单数考点考点3 主谓一致问题主谓一致问题1.I think _ worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2._ is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.itIt填写句子填写句子总结归总结归纳：纳：当当主主语语从从句句较较长长，而而谓谓语语较较短短时时，常常常常将将从从句句_，而而用用_作作为为形

18、形式式主主语语置置于于句句首首。_也可作形式也可作形式宾语宾语。后置后置itit考点考点4 it作形式主语和形式宾语作形式主语和形式宾语 it作形式主语的四个主要句型作形式主语的四个主要句型1)It+be+名词词组名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句从句Its a pity that we cant go.2)It+be+形容词形容词(obvious,true,natural,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从从句句It is certain

19、 that she will do well in her exam.It is reported that China has sent another rescue group to Japan.3)It+be+过去分词过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected.)+that从句从句4)It+不及物动词不及物动词(seem,happen等等)+that从句从句It seemed that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It happened that I was out that day.it作形式主语的四个主要

20、句型作形式主语的四个主要句型We suggested that the meeting _A.should put off B.be put off C.was put off D.putting off总结总结归纳：归纳：表示表示建议、要求、命令建议、要求、命令,坚持坚持等等动词动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order后的从句谓语动词用后的从句谓语动词用 _注意注意suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表表示示“坚持认为坚持认为”之意时，之意时，从句按需要来

21、选择时态从句按需要来选择时态(should)+do/be doneThe smile on his face suggested that he _(was/be/is)satisfied with our work.was考点考点5 宾语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气在一些表示在一些表示“建建议，劝说，命令，命令”的名的名词suggestion、advice、proposal、demand、requirement、request、command、order后的表后的表语从句中，从句中，谓语动词用虚用虚拟语气。气。My suggestion is that we（sh

22、ould）start early tomorrow.考点考点5 宾语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气what 表什么（无选择范围）表什么（无选择范围）which表选择表选择,哪一个（哪一个（有选择范围有选择范围）1.-Do you know_Miss Zhus address is?-She may live at No.3 or No.4 of Xianxing road.Im not sure of _.2.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?whatwhich总结归总结归纳：纳

23、：No.3 or No.4some book or otherwhich考点考点6 连接词连接词 a)what/which考点考点6 连接词连接词总结归总结归纳：纳：_等同类词既可以引导名词性从句，等同类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而而 _等只能引导让步状语从句。等只能引导让步状语从句。whateverNo matter what_ you go and _you do,Ill be right here waiting for you.whereverwhateverNo matter whereno matter what离开房间的任何人应该把灯

24、关掉。离开房间的任何人应该把灯关掉。_ought to turn off the light.他所有的任何东西都被日本士兵占领了。他所有的任何东西都被日本士兵占领了。_was seized by the Japanese soldiers.Whoever leaves the room lastWhatever he hadb)whatever/whoever/无论无论,不管不管however/whomever/whichever/考点考点同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句前的名词是一个具有抽象意味的名词。从句同位语从句前的名词是一个具有抽象意味的名词。从句就是其内

25、容。就是其内容。that在从句中在从句中_成分。而定语从句成分。而定语从句就是对前先行词进行修饰限定，关系词应代替先行词在就是对前先行词进行修饰限定，关系词应代替先行词在从句中从句中_句子成分。句子成分。1.The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.which C.that D.though2.The suggestion _he raised at the meeting is very good.A.which B.that C.wh

26、at D./3.The suggestion _ the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.A.which B.that C.what D./总结：总结：不充当不充当充当充当做题顺序：做题顺序：“二看二看”一看一看_是否完整；二看是否完整；二看_确定答案。确定答案。从句从句句意句意回顾名词性从句回顾名词性从句考点考点：.语序问题语序问题.连接词连接词that,what,which,whether,if,who,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,whoseverwh

27、en,where,why,how.it 作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用法形式宾语的用法.时态问题时态问题 .同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句与定语从句区别.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气.主谓一致问题主谓一致问题重重点点L/O/G/OGrammarGrammarL/O/G/O语法精解语法精解(一一)1.同位语同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名它位于名词、代词后面词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情说明它们的性质和情况况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。语或从句充当。L/O/G/O同位语

28、的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词名词 Tom,our monitor,is a handsome boy.(2)代词代词 I myself will do the experiment.(3)数词数词 She is the oldest among them six.(4)从句从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded.他告他告诉我我飞机爆炸的消息。机爆炸的消息。(5)由由such as,that is引引导 Some subjects,such as maths and physics,are very d

29、ifficult to learn.某些学科某些学科,例如数学和物理例如数学和物理,是很是很难学的。学的。L/O/G/O(6)由由of引导引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.自从自从2000年以来年以来,北京市发生了很北京市发生了很大的变化大的变化。L/O/G/O(7)由由or引导引导 The freezing temperature,or freezing point,is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.结冰温度即冰

30、点结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰是水在常压下结冰时的温度。时的温度。L/O/G/O2.同位语从句同位语从句the Appositive clause(1)同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。语法精解语法精解(二二)L/O/G/O它一般放在它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,quest

31、ion 等名等名词的后面词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解对前面的名词作进一步的解释释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。等。L/O/G/Oe.g.The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.I have no idea when he will come

32、 back.同位语从句有时被别的词把它同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：和名词隔开：注意注意:The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.Word came that their team had won.同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式:由由that引导引导 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.

33、L/O/G/O 由由whether引导引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.由由when引导引导 I have no idea when they will go.L/O/G/O 有时可用有时可用 namely(即即),that is to say(也就是说也就是说),in other words(换句话说换句话说),that is(那就是那就是),for example 等引出同位语等引出同位语,说明其说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在

34、名词或代词的后面直接跟在名词或代词的后面。L/O/G/O He told us the good news,namely,the museum is open to all.There is only one way of improving your English,that is,to practice more.L/O/G/O 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:同位语从句同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语

35、从句定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。象的也有不抽象的。L/O/G/OWe express the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位语从句同位语从句)Those who want to go please sign their names here.(定语从句定语从句)L/O/G/O 同位语从句同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系辑关系；定语从句定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等主语、宾语、表语、定

36、语、状语等。L/O/G/OThe news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句定语从句,news是是told的逻辑宾语的逻辑宾语)L/O/G/O 同位语从句同位语从句主要由连接词主要由连接词that引导引导,有时有时也可用也可用when,where,who,whether等引等引导导;定语从句定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。由关系代词或关系副词引导。Then he raised the quest

37、ion where they were to get the machine needed.Do you know the place where he was born?L/O/G/O 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。可省略。The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.The news(that)he told me is exciting.1._(她赢了这场比赛她赢了这场比赛)made us very happy

38、.2._(所需要的所需要的)is careful preparation.3._(她是否来她是否来)doesnt matter too much.4.That he will succeed is certain.(用用it句型改写句型改写)_ 5.Why he did this is not known.(用用it句型改写句型改写)_ 作业作业:用主语从句用主语从句 完成句子完成句子.名词性从句在写作中的实际运用名词性从句在写作中的实际运用:写作中写作中,得高分的方法之一得高分的方法之一:改造低级句型改造低级句型,让你的英让你的英语靓起来语靓起来What he gave me was not only a Christmas present but also a heart full of love.主语从句主语从句原句原句:He gave me something.And it was a Christmas present and a heart full of love.2 2个简单句个简单句 Thank you