(新高考)2022版高考英语二轮复习第一编三完形填空题型三说明文或议论文练习新人教版.pdf

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1、新高考新高考 20222022 版高考英语二轮版高考英语二轮复习第一编三完形填空题型三复习第一编三完形填空题型三说明文或议论文练习新人教版说明文或议论文练习新人教版题型三题型三说明文或议论文说明文或议论文说明文或议论文在完形填空中所占比例不大，说明文或议论文在完形填空中所占比例不大，只有只有 20222022 年全国卷考查了议论文。年全国卷考查了议论文。说明文通常说明文通常为了说明某一事物或者活动，要明确说明对象、为了说明某一事物或者活动，要明确说明对象、理清段落逻辑、分析句子结构；议论文通常对某理清段落逻辑、分析句子结构；议论文通常对某种观点发表意见或看法，包括论点、论据、论证种观点发表意见

2、或看法，包括论点、论据、论证三个局部。三个局部。语篇出处：语篇出处：原创原创语篇类型：语篇类型：说明文说明文主主题语境：大脑记忆题语境：大脑记忆Whether youre eight years old or 80,Whether youre eight years old or 80,everyone has certain basic types of memory.everyone has certain basic types of memory.There is shortterm,longterm,and evenThere is shortterm,longterm,and ev

3、enskillandfactbasedskillandfactbased_1_1_ ofof recollection,recollection,just for starters.But think about itjust for starters.But think about itcancanyouyou _2_2_ exactlyexactly wherewhere youyou werewere andand whatwhat youyouwere doing on March 14th,2022?Most peoplewere doing on March 14th,2022?M

4、ost peoplehave no _3_.If you have Highly Superiorhave no _3_.If you have Highly Superior-2-2-Autobiographical Memory(HSAM),however,Autobiographical Memory(HSAM),however,youre _4_ to remember practicallyyoure _4_ to remember practicallyeverything about that day.everything about that day.Sounds crazy,

5、right?But the _5_ isSounds crazy,right?But the _5_ issolid.Studies show that while most peoplesolid.Studies show that while most peoplewill forget a certain event after just onewill forget a certain event after just oneweek,week,HSAMHSAM participantsparticipants cancan _6_6_ itit forfor overovera de

6、cade.Only around 60 people in the worlda decade.Only around 60 people in the worldhave been diagnosed with HSAM so far,have been diagnosed with HSAM so far,CuriosityCuriosity reports.Pasternak,now 23,is reports.Pasternak,now 23,is_7_7_ thethe youngestyoungest personperson withwith HSAM.HSAM.GiveGive

7、 herheranyany datedate betweenbetween 20222022 andand presentpresent day,day,andand sheshewill tell you what _8_ of the week it waswill tell you what _8_ of the week it wasand everything she did that day inand everything she did that day inextraordinary _9_.extraordinary _9_._10_ these habits of peo

8、ple with an_10_ these habits of people with animpressiveimpressive memory,memory,andand youyou couldcould _11_11_ youryourown retention(own retention(保存，保持保存，保持)._12_)._12_，-3-3-researchers still dont understand exactlyresearchers still dont understand exactlywhatwhat givesgives certaincertain peopl

9、epeople thisthis amazingamazing _13_._13_.PeoplePeople whowho havehave HSAMHSAM havehave differentdifferent _14_14_ ofofrecalling dates.Pasternak describes herrecalling dates.Pasternak describes hermemorymemory likelike a a CandyCandy LandLand board.board.InIn herher _15_15_she sees each month as a

10、different _16_she sees each month as a different _16_square;June is green,August is goldensquare;June is green,August is goldenyellow,November is dark red.The _17_yellow,November is dark red.The _17_connect to form a path,_18_ back toconnect to form a path,_18_ back toFebruary 2022,when she had her

11、first HSAMFebruary 2022,when she had her first HSAMmemory.memory.Lets face itLets face ithaving a perfect memoryhaving a perfect memorysounds pretty _19_.But if youre notsounds pretty _19_.But if youre notblessed with a foolproof recall,you canblessed with a foolproof recall,you canalways _20_ like

12、a memory champion withalways _20_ like a memory champion withthesethese trickstricks toto gettinggetting a a superhumansuperhuman memory.memory.1.A.ways1.A.waysC.chancesC.chancesB BformsformsD Dabilitiesabilities-4-4-2.A.manage2.A.manageC.rememberC.remember3.A.clue3.A.clueC.approachC.approach4.A.cas

13、ual4.A.casualC.likelyC.likely5.A.consequence5.A.consequenceC.conclusionC.conclusion6.A.recite6.A.reciteC.connectC.connect7.A.really7.A.reallyC.currentlyC.currently8.A.date8.A.dateC.dayC.day9.A.silence9.A.silenceC.vainC.vain10.A.Borrow10.A.BorrowC.ProvideC.ProvideB BmonitormonitorD DinvolveinvolveB B

14、proofproofD DattentionattentionB BautomaticautomaticD DconfidentconfidentB BimaginationimaginationD DevidenceevidenceB BrecallrecallD DcontrolcontrolB BactuallyactuallyD DsurelysurelyB BkindkindD DhourhourB BreturnreturnD DdetaildetailB BEquipEquipD DCombineCombine-5-5-11.A.create11.A.createC.addC.a

15、dd12.A.Instead12.A.InsteadC.UnfortunatelyC.UnfortunatelyB BconveyconveyD DimproveimproveB BHoweverHoweverD DThereforeTherefore13.A.power13.A.powerC.forceC.force14.A.ideas14.A.ideasC.seriesC.series15.A.mind15.A.mindC.lifeC.life16.A.fixed16.A.fixedC.separatedC.separated17.A.hours17.A.hoursC.monthsC.mo

16、nths18.A.bringing18.A.bringingC.returningC.returning19.A.amazing19.A.amazingC.confusingC.confusingB BD DB BD DB BD DB BD DB BD DB BD DB BD Denergyenergyadvantageadvantagemeansmeansmemoriesmemoriesopinionopinionheartheartcoloredcoloredlightedlightedweeksweeksyearsyearscallingcallingdatingdatingfunnyf

17、unnyattractiveattractive-6-6-20.A pete20.A peteC.trainC.trainB BfightfightD Dstrugglestruggle由首句可知，由首句可知，本文介绍与“memory相关的内本文介绍与“memory相关的内容。容。结合与“memory相关的语境，结合与“memory相关的语境，下文中几个空下文中几个空都是围绕这一语境选择答案。都是围绕这一语境选择答案。如题如题 2 2、题题 3 3、题题 4 4、题题 6 6 等。等。题题 1 1 与首句中的与首句中的 typestypes 是同义词复现；题是同义词复现；题 7 7与上文的“n

18、ow是复现信息；题与上文的“now是复现信息；题 8 8 与下文“of与下文“ofthethe weekweek是复现信息；是复现信息；题题 9 9 与上文“everything与上文“everythingshe did that dayshe did that day是复现信息；题是复现信息；题 1616 与下文与下文“June is green,August is golden yellow,“June is green,August is golden yellow,November isNovember is dark red.dark red.中提到的表示颜色的词中提到的表示颜色的词

19、是复现信息；题是复现信息；题 1717 可以从下文提到的可以从下文提到的“February中推测答案。“February中推测答案。-7-7-题题 1212 下文提到“研究者仍然不理解到底是什下文提到“研究者仍然不理解到底是什么使这些人具有特异功能。可以锁定此处与上么使这些人具有特异功能。可以锁定此处与上文内容构成转折关系。文内容构成转折关系。题题1818中可以利用固定搭配“date中可以利用固定搭配“date backback toto(追(追溯到溯到)解题。解题。可以根据生活常识或者自己已有的知识解题。可以根据生活常识或者自己已有的知识解题。如题如题 5 5、题、题 1010、题、题 13

20、13、题、题 1919 等。等。篇章导读：篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。本文是一篇说明文。据发现，据发现，全球全球或许只有或许只有 6060 例具有超强记忆力的人。例具有超强记忆力的人。经测试，经测试，他他们能够记起多年前每天发生的事情。们能够记起多年前每天发生的事情。1.B1.B 无论你多大年纪，无论你多大年纪，每个人都有特定的根每个人都有特定的根本记忆模式。有长期的、短期的、甚至也有一些本记忆模式。有长期的、短期的、甚至也有一些基于技能与事实的记忆模式基于技能与事实的记忆模式(form)(form)。2.C2.C 试想一下：你能确切地记得试想一下：你能确切地记得(remember)2022(

21、remember)2022 年年 3 3 月月 1414 日你在哪里、正在做日你在哪里、正在做-8-8-什么吗？什么吗？3.A3.A 大局部人都没有印象大局部人都没有印象(clue)(clue)了。了。4.C4.C 然而，然而，如果你有超强记忆功能，如果你有超强记忆功能，你有可你有可能能(likely)(likely)记得那一天发生的任何事情。记得那一天发生的任何事情。5.D5.D 听起来很怪异，是吧？但是，证据听起来很怪异，是吧？但是，证据(evidence)(evidence)是确凿的。是确凿的。6.B6.B 研究说明，研究说明，尽管多数人一个星期之后就尽管多数人一个星期之后就忘记了某些事

22、情，具备超强记忆功能的人可以回忘记了某些事情，具备超强记忆功能的人可以回忆起忆起(recall)(recall)十年以上的事情。十年以上的事情。7.C7.C 由上文的“now可知，是目前由上文的“now可知，是目前(currently)(currently)年龄最小的。年龄最小的。8.C8.C 由下文中的“of由下文中的“of thethe week可以推知，week可以推知，此处应该是一周的每一天此处应该是一周的每一天(day)(day)。9.D9.D 由上文中的“everything she did由上文中的“everything she didthat daythat day可知，她能够

23、详细记得以前发生的事可知，她能够详细记得以前发生的事情。in detail“详细地。情。in detail“详细地。10.A10.A 借用借用(borrow)(borrow)这些具有超强记忆的人这些具有超强记忆的人的习惯，的习惯，-9-9-11.D11.Dimprove your retenimprove your retention“提高记tion“提高记忆力。忆力。12.C12.C 由下文“研究者仍然不理解到底是什由下文“研究者仍然不理解到底是什么使这些人具有特异功能。可知，此处应该是么使这些人具有特异功能。可知，此处应该是表示“不幸的是表示“不幸的是(unfortunately)(unf

24、ortunately)。13.A13.A 具有超强记忆功能的人应该是具备这具有超强记忆功能的人应该是具备这种惊人的记忆力种惊人的记忆力(power)(power)。14.B14.B 具有超强大脑记忆力的人有不同的方具有超强大脑记忆力的人有不同的方法法(means)(means)去回忆以前做过的事情。去回忆以前做过的事情。15.A15.A 在她的头脑在她的头脑(mind)(mind)中，中，她把每个月看她把每个月看作一个不同的彩色方块。作一个不同的彩色方块。16.B16.B 由下文中的“June由下文中的“June isis green,green,AugustAugustis golden y

25、ellow,November is dark red.is golden yellow,November is dark red.可可知选知选 B B。17.C17.C 由下文提到的“February可以推知由下文提到的“February可以推知这里指的是月份。这里指的是月份。18.D18.D 这些颜色联系起来形成一种路径，追这些颜色联系起来形成一种路径，追溯到溯到 20222022 年的年的 2 2 月。月。datedate backback toto“追溯到。“追溯到。-10-10-19.A19.A 具有惊人的记忆听起来令人惊讶具有惊人的记忆听起来令人惊讶(amazing)(amazing

26、)。20.C20.C 但是，如果你不具备这些简单的回忆但是，如果你不具备这些简单的回忆起往事的能力，你可以像记忆冠军一样运用这些起往事的能力，你可以像记忆冠军一样运用这些技巧进行训练技巧进行训练(train)(train)，成为一个具有超强记忆的成为一个具有超强记忆的人。人。技巧技巧 7 7固定搭配，速答题固定搭配，速答题典例片段典例片段(2022全国卷)We chatted(2022全国卷)We chattedaboutabout everythingeverything andand thenthen BenBen _1_1_ toto me.me.“I“Ijustjust wantwan

27、t toto saysay thankthank youyou，hehe said.said.“You“You_2_ my life_2_ my life！1.A.joked1.A.jokedB Bturnedturned-11-11-C.listenedC.listened2.A.created2.A.createdC.savedC.savedD DpointedpointedB BhonoredhonoredD Dguidedguided1.1.识别：识别：turn to sb.turn to sb.是固定搭配是固定搭配“转向某“转向某人；listen to“听；point to“指着。人

28、；listen to“听；point to“指着。2.save ones life2.save ones life 也是固定词组也是固定词组“挽救某“挽救某人的生命。人的生命。3.3.结合语境，结合语境，应该是转向某人说“谢谢，应该是转向某人说“谢谢，谢谢谢他救了自己的命。第谢他救了自己的命。第 1 1 空选空选 B B，第，第 2 2 空选空选 C C。技巧技巧 8 8语法规那么，辨明细语法规那么，辨明细典例片段典例片段(2022北京东城二模(2022北京东城二模)However,)However,thethe uneaseunease increasedincreased forfor G

29、lenda.Glenda.TheThe cardcard waswas-12-12-unsigned.She was wondering why a strangerunsigned.She was wondering why a strangerwouldwould sendsend moneymoney toto herher sonson andand _1_1_ hehe wouldwouldknow it was Zacks birthday.A variety ofknow it was Zacks birthday.A variety ofscenes can go throug

30、h parents minds,scenes can go through parents minds,especially when they hear stories aboutespecially when they hear stories aboutInternet crimes.Internet crimes.1.A.who1.A.whoC.whenC.when1.1.观察：选项都是从句连接词。观察：选项都是从句连接词。2.2.分析：在句中作动词分析：在句中作动词 wonderwonder 的宾语。的宾语。3.3.句意：她纳闷他是怎么知道那是句意：她纳闷他是怎么知道那是 ZackZ

31、ack 的生的生日的。应选日的。应选 D D。技巧技巧 9 9生活常识，巧利用生活常识，巧利用B BwhatwhatD Dhowhow-13-13-典例片段典例片段(2022全国卷)The bay was(2022全国卷)The bay wasbathed in sunshine,and there was a group ofbathed in sunshine,and there was a group ofkayakers around 150m off the shore.Gettingkayakers around 150m off the shore.Gettinga little

32、 _1_a little _1_，I realized one kayak(I realized one kayak(皮划皮划艇)was in trouble.“Somethings not艇)was in trouble.“Somethings notrightright！I I tooktook offoff mymy TshirtTshirt a andnd _2_2_ intointothe water.the water.1.A.faster1.A.fasterC.heavierC.heavier2.A.stared2.A.staredC.divedC.dived1.1.语境：描述水

33、上皮划艇出现故障的事。语境：描述水上皮划艇出现故障的事。2.2.常识：常识：只有离得近一些只有离得近一些(closer)(closer)，才能看到才能看到皮划艇出了故障，第皮划艇出了故障，第 1 1 空选空选 B B。3.3.常识：常识：脱下脱下 T T 恤，跳入恤，跳入(dive)(dive)水中，第水中，第 2 2空选空选 C C。-14-14-B BclosercloserD DwiserwiserB BsanksankD Dfellfell(原创原创)语篇类型：语篇类型：说明文说明文主题语境：主题语境：航空市航空市场场InIn itsits annualannual forecast,

34、forecast,thethe InternationalInternationalAirAir TransportTransport AssociationAssociation(IATA)(IATA)shiftedshifted itsitsexpectations about the center of gravity ofexpectations about the center of gravity ofworld air travel eastward,away from the USworld air travel eastward,away from the USand Eur

35、ope.and Europe.TheThe globalglobal airlineairline industryindustry groupgroup expectsexpectsthat 7.8 billion _1_ will travel by air bythat 7.8 billion _1_ will travel by air by2036.2036.ThatsThats nearlynearly _2_2_ thethe 4 4 billionbillion thatthat ititexpects will fly this year.expects will fly t

36、his year.The IATA _3_The IATA _3_，released Tuesday,said released Tuesday,saiditit expectsexpects thatthat halfhalf ofof thethe newnew passengerspassengers whowhowill fly over the next 20 years will live inwill fly over the next 20 years will live inAsia._4_ IATA predicts significantAsia._4_ IATA pre

37、dicts significantchanges over the next two decades,the mostchanges over the next two decades,the most_5_ shifts will happen in the next five_5_ shifts will happen in the next five-15-15-years.years.China will _6_ the US as the worldsChina will _6_ the US as the worldslargest aviation market by 2022,

38、two yearslargest aviation market by 2022,two years_7_ than previously expected,the IATA_7_ than previously expected,the IATAforecastforecast _8_._8_.AnAn aviationaviation marketmarket isis defineddefinedas traffic to,from and within a country.as traffic to,from and within a country.Chinese airlines

39、have been rapidlyChinese airlines have been rapidlyexpanding their international _9_ inexpanding their international _9_ inrecent years.Air China and Hainan Airlinesrecent years.Air China and Hainan Airlinesthis week _10_ three new routes to the US,this week _10_ three new routes to the US,including

40、 Shenzhen to Los Angeles,andincluding Shenzhen to Los Angeles,andChongqing and Chengdu to New York.Chongqing and Chengdu to New York.Emerging markets in Asia will _11_ theEmerging markets in Asia will _11_ thenext 20 years,according to IATA.The UK,next 20 years,according to IATA.The UK,today the thi

41、rd largest market,will _12_today the third largest market,will _12_toto fifthfifth place,place,fallingfalling behindbehind IndiaIndia inin 20252025and Indonesia in 2030,it said.and Indonesia in 2030,it said.Both India and Indonesia have been at orBoth India and Indonesia have been at or-16-16-near t

42、he top _13_ of new jetliners fromnear the top _13_ of new jetliners fromAirbus(EADSF),Boeing and others as budgetAirbus(EADSF),Boeing and others as budgetairlinesairlines improveimprove thethe affordabilityaffordability ofof _14_14_by air.by air.Airbus and Boeing(BA)are _15_Airbus and Boeing(BA)are

43、_15_productionproduction ofof theirtheir mostmost _16_16_ singleaislesingleaisleand twinaisle jetliners to meet demand forand twinaisle jetliners to meet demand forgrowth and to _17growth and to _17_ older,lessefficient_ older,lessefficientairliners.airliners.Both companies have establishedBoth comp

44、anies have establishedindustrial _18_ in China to court buyersindustrial _18_ in China to court buyerswho need the blessing of the centralwho need the blessing of the centralgovernment.Airbus assembles its competinggovernment.Airbus assembles its competingA320s in Tianjin,and Boeing is _19_ a newA32

45、0s in Tianjin,and Boeing is _19_ a newfactory near Shanghai where its 737s willfactory near Shanghai where its 737s willhavehave theirtheir interiorsinteriors fixedfixed priorprior toto deliverydeliveryto Chinese carriers.to Chinese carriers.While Airbus and Boeing focus on China,While Airbus and Bo

46、eing focus on China,-17-17-the country this year began testing itsthe country this year began testing its_20_ homegrown C919 airliner from the_20_ homegrown C919 airliner from theCommercialCommercial AirplaneAirplane CorporationCorporation ofof China,China,ororComac.Comac.篇章导读：篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。本文是一篇说明文

47、。文章介绍了航文章介绍了航空事业的迅速开展，空事业的迅速开展，预计到预计到 20222022 年中国将取代美年中国将取代美国成为最大的航空市场。国成为最大的航空市场。1.A.adventurers1.A.adventurersC.passengersC.passengersB BairlinersairlinersD Dbusinessmenbusinessmen答案：答案：C C由下文中的“travel由下文中的“travel byby air可知，air可知，应该是乘客应该是乘客(passenger)(passenger)。2.A.double2.A.doubleC.beyondC.bey

48、ondB BoveroverD Dwithinwithin答案：答案：A A上文提到“7.8上文提到“7.8 billionbillion _1_1_ willwilltravel by airtravel by air，下文提到的是“4 billion，下文提到的是“4 billion，所以此处表示将近两倍所以此处表示将近两倍(double)(double)。3.A.expectation3.A.expectationC.documentC.documentB BforecastforecastD Drepresentativerepresentative-18-18-答案：答案：B B上周

49、二发布的上周二发布的 IATAIATA 的预报的预报(forecast)(forecast)说，说，它希望在接下来的它希望在接下来的 2020 年中，年中，乘飞乘飞机的一半新乘客都来自亚洲。由后面提到的机的一半新乘客都来自亚洲。由后面提到的“release可知，只能选“release可知，只能选 forecastforecast。4.A.Unless4.A.UnlessC.WhileC.WhileB BOnceOnceD DWhenWhen答案：答案：C C尽管尽管(while)IATA(while)IATA 预测接下来预测接下来 2020 年年或发生重大变化，或发生重大变化，5.A.perm

50、anent5.A.permanentC.instantC.instantB BmaximummaximumD Ddramaticdramatic答案：答案：D D此处表示很大的此处表示很大的(dramatic)(dramatic)变化。变化。6.A.acknowledge6.A.acknowledgeC.swallowC.swallowB BdisplacedisplaceD Dprohibitprohibit答案：答案：B B到到 20222022 年中国将取代年中国将取代(displace)(displace)美国，成为世界上最大的航空市场。美国，成为世界上最大的航空市场。7.A.soon