高考英语动词时态语态复习.pdf

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1、高中时态语态专题高中时态语态专题一一 动词的时态动词的时态时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式;英语动词有 16 种时态,但是常用的只有 9 种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时;下面分别介绍;考考点点现在一般dododoesdoes进行完成hashas done donehavehavehad donehad doneshall have donewillshould havedonewoul

2、d完成进行hashas been doing been doinghavehavehad been doinghad been doingshall have been doingwillshould havebeendoingwould一、一、一一般般现现在在将来过去过 去时：时：将来一一amamis doingis doingarearewaswasdiddid doing doingwerewereshallshallshall do do be doingwillwillwillshouldshould do bewoulddoingwould般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性发生的动作或

3、存在的状态般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态;1 1、常用的时间状语有：、常用的时间状语有：alwaysalways 总是；一直总是；一直,often,often经常经常,sometimes,sometimes有时有时,seldom,seldom很少很少,hardly ever,hardly ever几乎不几乎不,nevernever 从不从不,every day,every day 每天每天,every week,every week 每星期每星期,every month,every month 每月每月,every year,every year 每年等每年等;2 2第三

4、人称单数的构成方式第三人称单数的构成方式当主语是第三人称单数时当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数谓语动词要用第三人称单数,其变化规则同名词变复数其变化规则同名词变复数;1 1 直接在词尾加直接在词尾加-s;-s;swimswims,traveltravels,playplays,leaveleavesswimswims,traveltravels,playplays,leaveleaves 2 2 以字母以字母 s,x,ch,sh,os,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的结尾的,在词尾加在词尾加-es;-es;passpasses,fixfixes,teachteaches,washwa

5、shes,gogoes,dodoespasspasses,fixfixes,teachteaches,washwashes,gogoes,dodoes 3 3 以“辅音字母y”结尾的以“辅音字母y”结尾的,变变 y y 为为 i i 加加-es;studystudies,flyflies,cryes;studystudies,flyflies,crycriescries例、Diana,together with her friends,_ Chinese in China.AstudyBhave studied Cstudies Dare studying3 3一般现在时的用法小结一般现在时的

6、用法小结 1 1 表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表频度的时间状语连用常与表频度的时间状语连用;My mother often does housework.My father goes to work every day.2 2 描述现在的状态、能力、性格等描述现在的状态、能力、性格等;She is very tired now.He speaks Russian very well.She is very tired now.He speaks Russian very well.3 3 描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等描述客观真理、

7、客观存在或科学事实等;The light travels faster than the sound.The sun rises in the east.注意、注意、1 1 在宾语从句中在宾语从句中,即使主句是一般过去时即使主句是一般过去时,但从句表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实时但从句表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实时,从句依然用一般从句依然用一般现在时现在时;The teacher told us that the earth is round yesterday.2 2 在时间、条件状语从句中在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来用一般现在时表示将来;即“主将从现”即“主将从现”;

8、I want to be a policeman when I grow up in the future.Ill ring you up if he comes back tomorrow.3 3 在以在以 here,therehere,there 开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替现在进行时开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替现在进行时;Here comes the bus 汽车来了 There goes the bell 铃响了4 4 一般现在时常出现在格言或警句中一般现在时常出现在格言或警句中;All roads lead to Rome.One is never too old to lear

9、n.All roads lead to Rome.One is never too old to learn.考点二、一般过去时考点二、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态：表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态;1 1、常用的时间状语有：、常用的时间状语有：yesterdayyesterday 昨天昨天,the day before yesterday,the day before yesterday 前天前天,last week,last week 上上星期星期,last month,last month 上个月上个月,last year,last year 去年去年,t

10、hree years ago,three years ago 三年前三年前,in 2001,in 2001 在在 20012001年年,the other day,the other day 前几天前几天,just now,just now 刚才刚才,等等;2 2动词过去式的构成方式动词过去式的构成方式在一般过去时中在一般过去时中,谓语动词要用过去式谓语动词要用过去式,过去式的变化分为规则和不规则两种过去式的变化分为规则和不规则两种;下面单讲一下下面单讲一下规则变化：规则变化：1 1 直接在词尾加直接在词尾加-ed;-ed;plantplanted,workworked,looklookedp

11、lantplanted,workworked,looklooked2 2 以以 e e 结尾的结尾的,加加-d;-d;livelived,changechangedlivelived,changechanged3 3 以以重重读读闭闭音音节节或或 r r 音音节节结结尾尾的的,且且末末尾尾只只有有一一个个辅辅音音字字母母,则则双双写写这这个个辅辅音音字字母母,再再加加-ed;-ed;planplanned,stopstoppedplanplanned,stopstopped4 4 以“辅音字母y”结尾的以“辅音字母y”结尾的,变变 y y 为为 i i 加加-ed;-ed;studystudi

12、ed,trytriedstudystudied,trytried3 3一般过去时的用法小结一般过去时的用法小结 1 1 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态;She visited the Great Wall yesterday.They went to England for a holiday last summer.2 2 用于虚拟语气句中用于虚拟语气句中,表示与现在事实相反的情况表示与现在事实相反的情况;If I were you,I would take a small present.If I won a million dollars,Id give i

13、t to charities.注意注意在虚拟条件句“If I were you.”中在虚拟条件句“If I were you.”中,were,were 不能改为不能改为 was;was;例、Ive got a ticket for the basketball game tonight.Cool How _you _itAhad;got Bdid;get Cwere;getting Dwill;get考点三、一般将来时：考点三、一般将来时：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态;1 1、句式结构肯定句有以下几种：、句式结构肯定句有以下几种：Will/s

14、hall doWill/shall do单纯表将来单纯表将来,强调未经事先考虑将要做某事强调未经事先考虑将要做某事;do do表示按计划、安排好要做的事情表示按计划、安排好要做的事情;其次可以表示有迹象表明要做某事其次可以表示有迹象表明要做某事;例如例如 It is going to rain.It is going to rain.有迹象表明要下雨有迹象表明要下雨is/am/are doingis/am/are doing进行时态表将来进行时态表将来,is/am/are to dois/am/are to do表计划安排要做某事表计划安排要做某事,此外还可以表示职责、义务和可能性此外还可以表

15、示职责、义务和可能性;is/am/are about to dois/am/are about to do表示正要做某事表示正要做某事,所在的句子不会再出现时间状语所在的句子不会再出现时间状语;例：例：I was about to leave when suddenly the telephone rang.I was about to leave when suddenly the telephone rang.2 2、常用的时间状语有：、常用的时间状语有：tomorrowtomorrow 明天明天,thethe dayday afterafter tomorrowtomorrow 后天后天

16、,tomorrowtomorrow morningmorning 明天上午明天上午,nextnext weekweek下周下周,next month,next month 下个月下个月,next year,next year 明年明年,in two hours,in two hours 两个小时以后两个小时以后,in three days,in three days 三天后等三天后等;注意注意若表示经过一定的计划安排之后打算做某事若表示经过一定的计划安排之后打算做某事,要用要用 be going to,be going to,而不能用而不能用 will;will;My brother is g

17、oing to learn English next year.注意、当主语是第一人称注意、当主语是第一人称 I I 或或 wewe 时时,可以用可以用 shall;shall;不过在现代英语中不过在现代英语中,will,will 适用于任何人称适用于任何人称;3 3、一些表示位置移动的动词、一些表示位置移动的动词,如如 go,come,leave,arrive,fly,start,move,sail,travelgo,come,leave,arrive,fly,start,move,sail,travel等等,常用现在进常用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作行时表示即将发生的动作;I am com

18、ing to see you.He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.例、I _ the Great Wall next week.Have a good tripA Avisit Bvisited Cam visiting Dhave visited考点四、考点四、过去将来时：表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态过去将来时：表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态;1 1 相对于一般将来时而言相对于一般将来时而言,句式结构有以下几种：句式结构有以下几种：would/should动词原形would/should动词原形was/were going towas

19、/were going to动词原形动词原形was/were doingwas/were doing 进行时表将来进行时表将来例、It was May 30th Mike had just left his home.He was going to start to fish in the river with hisfriend,so he decided to call his friend first.2 2 用于主句为一般过去时用于主句为一般过去时,宾语从句表示将要发生的事情或曾经打算要做的事情宾语从句表示将要发生的事情或曾经打算要做的事情;He asked when the meet

20、ing would end.他问会议何时会结束;I thought it was going to rain.我当时认为要下雨;3 3 表示位置移动的动词表示位置移动的动词,如如 come,go,leave,arrivecome,go,leave,arrive 等等,可用过去进行时表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作可用过去进行时表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作;She said she was leaving for Beijing that week.她说那周她要去北京;例、He wanted to know when _ the English party.Awill we haveB we

21、 will have C would we have Dwe would have考点五、现在进行时：考点五、现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在发生或进行的动作现在进行时表示现在正在发生或进行的动作;句式结构：主语句式结构：主语amis,areamis,are现在分词现在分词1 1、常见标志词：、常见标志词：now,at the momentnow,at the moment 此刻或含有情景词此刻或含有情景词 look,listenlook,listen 等等;She is doing some washing now.;We are having a meeting at the momen

22、t.Look She is swimming in the river.Listen He is singing.2 2现在分词的构成方式现在分词的构成方式1 1 直接在词尾加直接在词尾加-ing;-ing;listenlistening,readreading,laughlaughing2 2 以不发音的以不发音的 e e 结尾的结尾的,去去 e e 再加再加-ing;-ing;makemaking,changechanging3 3 以重读闭音节结尾以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母且末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母则双写这个辅音字母,再加再加-ing;-ing;stopst

23、opping,swimswimming,sitsittingplanplanning4 4 以以 ieie 结尾的动词结尾的动词,改改 ieie 为为 y,y,再加再加-ing;-ing;diedying,lielying,tietying3 3与与 always,usually,foreveralways,usually,forever 等词连用等词连用,表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪;He is always helping others.We all like him.他一直在帮助别人,我们都喜欢他;赞扬You are usually playing compute

24、r games.你通常都是在玩电脑游戏;不满注意注意下列动词通常不用于现在进行时：下列动词通常不用于现在进行时：1 1 表示感觉、情感、心理活动的动词表示感觉、情感、心理活动的动词,如如 see,hear,listen,look,smell,taste,notice,seem,hate,see,hear,listen,look,smell,taste,notice,seem,hate,like,love,want,wishlike,love,want,wish 等；等；2 2 表示所有或占有的动词表示所有或占有的动词,如如 have,own,belonghave,own,belong 等；等；

25、3 3 表示理解、记忆或决定的动词表示理解、记忆或决定的动词,如如 forget,remember,understand,believe,know,decideforget,remember,understand,believe,know,decide 等等;考点六、过去进行时：考点六、过去进行时：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作;1 1、句式结构：主语、句式结构：主语waswerewaswere现在分词现在分词2 2、常用的时间状语有：、常用的时间状语有：at nine oclock last nightat nine oclock l

26、ast night昨天晚上九点昨天晚上九点,at that time,at that time那时那时,at that moment,at that moment当时当时,this time yesterday,this time yesterday 昨天的这个时候昨天的这个时候如：如：I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.昨天上午九点我正在给花浇水;I watered my flowers yesterday.昨天我浇花了;例、Linda,I called you this morning,but nobody answere

27、d the phone.Im sorry.I_football with my friends then.Aplay BPlayed Cam playing Dwas playing考点七、现在完成时：考点七、现在完成时：表示截止于现在表示截止于现在,已经完成的动作已经完成的动作1 1、句式结构：主语、句式结构：主语havehashavehasdonedone2 2现在完成时对应的时间状语：现在完成时对应的时间状语：1 1 常与常与 already/yetalready/yet 已经已经,so,so farfar 到现在为止到现在为止,upup tilltill nownow 到现在为止到现在

28、为止,recently/latelyrecently/lately 最近最近,before+,before+现在时间现在时间,in the pastlast,in the pastlast.years.years 在过去的年里等连用在过去的年里等连用,She has already finished the work.I havent met him before.（2 2）常与“for时间段”或“since表过去的时间点或时间段”连用）常与“for时间段”或“since表过去的时间点或时间段”连用;I have worked in the school for about ten years

29、.He has studied English since 10 years ago.He has studied English for 10 years.例、The volunteers _ a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years.AofferedBwill offer Care offering Dhave offered3 3 短暂性动词的现在完成时在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用短暂性动词的现在完成时在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用,因因为否定句表

30、示的是状态为否定句表示的是状态;I havent seen him for a long time.我好久没有看见他了;She hasnt received his letter for three years.她已经三年没有收到过他的信了;3 3、使用以下两种句型：、使用以下两种句型：Its时间段Its时间段sincesince从句从句;时间段时间段hashaspassedpassedsincesince从句从句;他起床一个小时了;He got up for one hour.Its one hour since he got up.One hour has passed since he

31、got up.考点八、考点八、过去完成时：过去完成时：表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作即“过去的过去”表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作即“过去的过去”;|过去的过去过去的过去过去过去现在现在句式结构：主语句式结构：主语hadhaddonedone1 1、常用的时间状语有：常用的时间状语有：byby thethe endend ofof lastlast termterm 到上学期期末为止到上学期期末为止,byby thenthen 到那时为止到那时为止,beforebefore 在在以前以前,by the time,by the time 到时等到时

32、等;如：By the time we arrived,the meeting had already begun.By the end of last term,we had learned 2,000 new words.例、The plane _ when we got to the airport.Ahad taken offBwas taken off Cwill take off Dis taking off考点九、现在完成进行时：考点九、现在完成进行时：表示从过去开始一直持续到现在表示从过去开始一直持续到现在,现在还在进行的动作现在还在进行的动作1 1、句式结构：、句式结构：主语主

33、语havehashavehasbeenbeendoingdoing1 1 强调过去发生的动作一直延续到现在强调过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常与常与 all day,all this morning,all these yearsall day,all this morning,all these years 或“for时或“for时间段”连用间段”连用;She is very tired.She has been typing letters all day.她很累,她整天都在打字;Ive been working for the company for 15 years.我为这家公司工作

34、15 年了;二二 动词语态动词语态1当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态;句子的主语是动作承受者时,谓语的形式叫被动作语态;被动语态由助动词 be+过去分词构成 be done,时态通过 be 表现出来;1 1 一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are done 2am/is/are done 2 一般过去时：一般过去时：were/was donewere/was done3 3 一般将来时：一般将来时：will/shall be done 4will/shall be done 4 现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are being doneam/is/are being

35、 done5 5 过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were being done 6was/were being done 6 现在完成时：现在完成时：has/have been donehas/have been done7 7 过去完成时：过去完成时：had been done 8had been done 8 过去将来时：过去将来时：would be donewould be done9.9.将来完成时：将来完成时：will have been done will have been done2.一些特殊的被动结构1 带情态动词的被动结构情态动词带情态动词的被动结构情态动词 be don

36、e be done：The problem must be solved soon.2 2）非谓语的被动结构非谓语的被动结构：being done 和 to be done Idontlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.the room is going to be painted.the homework needs to be done with care.3 3在使役动词在使役动词 have,make,gethave,make,get 以及感官动词以及感官动词 see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observesee,watch,notice,h

37、ear,feel,observe 等后面等后面不定式作宾语补语时不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式在主动结构中不定式 toto 要省略要省略,但变为被动结构时但变为被动结构时,要加要加 to;to;例 Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为4.4.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词介词”,“动词副词”等如“动词介词”,“动词副词”等,也可以用于被也可以用于被动结构动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开不能分开;其中的介词或副词也不能省略其中的介词或副词也不能省略;例 Themeetingi

38、stobeputofftillFriday5 5.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如：如：happen,happen,last,last,taketake place,place,breakbreak out,out,come out,come about,come true,run out,give out,turn outcome out,come about,come true,run out,give out,turn out等无被动等无被动;系动词无系动词无被动被动例:How do the newspapers come out例:Your

39、reason sounds reasonable6 6 主动形式表达被动意义主动形式表达被动意义be worth doing;be worth doing;it is+adj+for sbto do sthit is+adj+for sbto do sth need,require,want,need,require,want,主语为物时主语为物时,sth need/reqiure/want doing,sth need/reqiure/want doing 表达被动意义表达被动意义,相当于相当于 sthsthneed/require/want to be doneneed/require/w

40、ant to be done例:The house needs repairingto be repaired这房子需要修理;.It is said that+It is said that+从句从句一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think 等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that 从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”;例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.The boy is said to havepassed the

41、 national exam.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来 描述主语特征时描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常主语通常是物是物;例:This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响;试比较：The door wont lock指门本身有毛病The door wont be locked指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因在 tooto

42、 结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义;例 Thisbookistooexpensiveformetobuy.特殊句式特殊句式：1.1.it/this is the first/second time thatit/this is the first/second time thathave/has donehave/has done it/this was the first/second time that it/this was the first/second time thathad donehad done2.it is high/about time th

43、at2.it is high/about time that 过去时过去时 或者或者 should doshould do3.it is/has been3.it is/has been 段时间段时间 since since 过去式过去式was/were aboout to dowas/were aboout to do sb was/were sb was/were doing sthdoing sth when when一般过去式一般过去式 sb was/were going to do sth sb was/were going to do sth5.would rather+5.wou

44、ld rather+从句从句,从句常用一般过去时从句常用一般过去时6.6.hardly/scarcely.whenhardly/scarcely.when no sooner.than.no sooner.than.从句用一般过去时从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时主句用过去完成时巩固练习巩固练习I I 适当形式填空适当形式填空A.A.高考真题演练高考真题演练s play Hamlets play Hamlet makeinto at least ten different films over the past years.makeinto at least ten different fi

45、lms over the past years.2.-Do you think Mom and Dad2.-Do you think Mom and Dad belate belate -No,Swiss Air is usually on time.-No,Swiss Air is usually on time.3.Hurry up Mark and Carl3.Hurry up Mark and Carl expectus.expectus.So what is the procedure So what is the procedure-All the applicants inter

46、viewbefore-All the applicants interviewbefore a a finalfinal decisiondecision isis mademade byby thethe authority.authority.5.The5.The famousfamous musician,asmusician,as wellwell asas his students,_his students,_ invitetoinviteto performperform atat thethe openingopeningceremony of the 2012 Taipei

47、Flower Expo.ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.girl has a great interest in sport and _ takebadminton classes twice a week over girl has a great interest in sport and _ takebadminton classes twice a week overthe last three years.the last three years.7.7.“WhatWhat dodo youyou wantwant toto bebe”

48、askedasked Mrs.Mrs.Crawford.Crawford.“Oh,Oh,I I _bepresident,_bepresident,”saidsaid thetheboy,with a smile.boy,with a smile.8.Around two o8.Around two oclock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhatclock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat_ botherus._ bothe

49、rus.9.If nothing _do,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.9.If nothing _do,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.10.10.Have you heard about the recent election Have you heard about the recent election Sure,it _ bethe only thing on the news for the last three days.Sure,it _ bethe only thing on the

50、 news for the last three days.11.11.I don I dont understand why you didnt understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry.But IIm so sorry.But I _ domy homework._ domy homework.12.12.Generally,Generally,studentsstudentsinnerinnermoti