跨文化交际导论期末试题B卷.pdf

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1、Final examination BFinal examination BI Choose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap inI Choose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap ineach of the sentences.Write the correct words on your answer paper next to theeach of the sentences.Write

2、the correct words on your answer paper next to thenumber of the sentence.Do not change the forms of the words on the box.number of the sentence.Do not change the forms of the words on the box.1 s2 m3 q4 k5 j6 t7 o8 n9e10 p11 h12 a13 l14 c15 r16 d17i18g19 b20 fII Case Analysis(You are required to sta

3、te cultural phenomenon in each case)II Case Analysis(You are required to state cultural phenomenon in each case)1 Interpretation refers to attaching meaning to sense data.The same situation can be interpretedquite differently by diverse people.The effect of culture is great.Applying these same cues

4、tosomeone from another culture may not work.So people in the United States frequently err inguessing the age of Japanese individuals,such as judging a Japanese college student in mid-20s tobe only 14 or 15.2 This case can reflect the differences between individualist culture and collectivist culture

5、.Cultures characterized by collectivism emphasize relationships among people to a greater degree.Collectivist cultures stress interdependent activities and suppressing individual aims for thegroup s welfare.3 This case can reflect the lack of idiomatic equivalence between two cultures is a barrier t

6、osuccessful translation.Language that are different often lack words that are directly translatable.This leads to the lack of vocabulary equivalence,which is one of the causes of translationproblems.III Answer the following questions.III Answer the following questions.1.In the direct style,associate

7、d with individualism,the wants,needs,and desires of the speakerare embodied in the spoken message.In the indirect style,associated with collectivism,the wants,needs,and goals of the speaker are not obvious in the spoken message.2.Translation problems usually arise when communicators speak different

8、languages and holddifferent cultures.They are the lack of vocabulary equivalence,the lack of idiomatic equivalence,the lack of grammatical-syntactical equivalence,lack of experiential equivalence,the lack ofconceptual equivalence.3.The use of silence in communication is different from culture to cul

9、ture.Silence cancommunicate agreement,apathy,awe,confusion,contemplation,disagreement,embarrassment,obligation,regret,repressed hostility,respect,sadness,thoughtfulness,or any number of meanings.In eastern cultures,silence has long been regarded as a virtue.While in western cultures,silencehas gener

10、ally been considered socially disagreeable.To most people in the United States,silencemeans lack of attention and lack of initiative.To the Chinese,silence means agreement.Part V English-Chinese translation:translate these two paragraphs into Chinese.Part V English-Chinese translation:translate thes

11、e two paragraphs into Chinese.假如你不了解另一种文化，在交际过程中就会很容易出现假定一致性。假定另一种文化与你的文化相同，就会很容易让你忽略文化之间的重要区别。即使假定不同文化都是相同的，也不会帮助你进行有效的交际，因为它会让你忽略不同文化之间的相同点。当你进入到一个新的文化当中时，最好的选择就是什么都不假设，而是要询问具体的风俗是什么样的。种族中心主义是指用自己的文化标准消极评价另一种文化的行为。认为自己的文化方式优于另一种文化就是种族中心主义的表现。虽然种族中心主义是引起跨文化交际障碍的一个因素，但对于经历文化冲击（休克）的那些人，很容易认为自己的文化优于其它的文化。当对于新的文化有所了解之后，就会经历这样的一个阶段，在这个阶段中他们会认为新的文化中的一切都不如自己的文化。但经历了这个阶段后通常会开始认为某个文化并没有比另一个文化强也没有比另一个文化差，只是文化与文化之间不同而已。