西安交通大学研究生综合英语ii课后习题答案.doc.pdf

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1、Unit 1 Putting in a Good Word for Guilt2.Vocabulary:(1)An increasing number of childrens books attempt to portray life as it is formembers of disadvantaged and minority groups.This year saw the publication of arich assortment of realistic fictions for children aged 8-12 and older.assortment n.A coll

2、ection of various kinds;a variety多种多样;一批品种多样的收藏；多种多样(2)Peoplewithnarcissisticpersonalitydisorderhaveagreatsenseofself-importance.They seek excessive admiration from others and fantasize aboutunlimited success or power.narcissistic adj.自恋的,自我陶醉的narcissistn.自我陶醉者narcissisticallyadv.(3)Studies on film

3、consumers had indicated teenage audience as s a prime market,with the result that Hollywood filmmakers obsessively catered to that market,sometimes at the expense of adult fare.obsessively adv.强迫性地,着迷似地obsessiveadj.1 Of,relating to,characteristic of,or causing an obsession 着迷,与着迷有关的或具有着迷特征的obsessive

4、 gambling 着迷于赌博2 Excessive in degree or nature急迫的,在程度或性质上过分的an obsessive need to win 急迫的想赢的欲望obsessiveness n.（名词）obsess vt.(魔鬼、妄想等)缠住;迷住常用被动结构使窘困;使烦扰be obsessed by with 被.附上缠住,迷住心窍obsessor n.使人烦扰的人或事(4)Robinson found many savages on this island.They were seen warring,slayingand eating each other,and

5、 sacrificing one another by thousands to their gods.slaying =slayv.tr.（及物动词）动词各种形态：slew,slain,slaying，slays1 To kill violently凶狠地杀死The soldiers slain in the battle were burried that night.在那天夜晚，埋葬了在战斗中牺牲了的战士。2 Slang To overwhelm,as with laughter or love【俚语】深深感动;压倒,克服;使禁不住大笑Those old jokes still slay

6、 me.那些古老的笑话仍让我感动。Middle English slen,slayen 中古英语 slen,slayen1slayer n.杀人者,凶手对比词汇：destroy;exterminate;kill;put to death(5)Attempting to make money from the growing legion of both female and malefans of basketball,he started to write love stories with basketball as one of theelements.legion n.1 The ma

7、jor unit of the Roman army consisting of 3,000 to 6,000 infantry troopsand 100 to 200 cavalry troops.古罗马军团：古罗马军队的主要单位，由 3,000 至6,000 名步兵和 100 至 200 名骑兵组成2 A large military unit trained for combat;an army.军队，兵团：被训练以用于战斗的庞大的军事单位；军队3 A large number;a multitude.See Synonyms at multitude大量；众多.参见 multitud

8、ea legion of followers 大批追随者Middle English:legioun 中古英语 legiounfrom Old French legion 源自 古法语 legion对照词汇：army,battalion,company,division,force,outfit,regiments,quad,team,troop,unit(6)Being somewhat older than he was,they instilled into him a false idea of theirsuperiority,and it was by this means the

9、y retained him in their“set”a set of wild,dissipated(闲游浪荡的)young men.instillinstillv.tr.（及物动词）词形：in.stilled，in.still.ing，in.stills 也作 in.stils1 To introduce by gradual,persistent efforts;implant:逐渐的，持续地灌输；灌输：“Morality.may be instilled into their minds”(Thomas Jefferson)“道德可以灌输到他们的头脑中”(托马斯杰弗逊)Middle

10、English：instillen中古英语 instillen(7)It is perhaps difficult for White South Africans,with an ingrained prejudiceagainst communism,to understand why experienced African politicians so readilyaccept communists as their friends.ingrainedadj.Firmly established;deep-seated根深蒂固的；牢固的ingrained prejudice;根深蒂固的

11、偏见the ingrained habits of a lifetime一生的根深蒂固的习惯2(8)While administration officials were kept busy answering the charges,thesecretary and chairman hustled back and forth between committees on both sidesof the Capitol defending the pace and scope of the defense effort.hustle词形：hustled，hustling，hustlesv.

12、intr.（不及物动词）To work or move energetically and rapidly赶忙，有干劲儿：精力充沛、动作迅速地工作或运动Come on,now!Hustle!We hustled to get dinner ready on time.我们忙着把晚餐按时准备好hustle for美口费力气想得到,极力争取(9)Thousands of soccer fans stormed the gates of an already overcrowded stadium,minutes before game time.49 people were killed and

13、47 injured in the stampede.stampeden.1 A sudden frenzied rush of panic-stricken animals惊逃，受惊吓的动物突然狂奔2 A sudden headlong rush or flight of a crowd of people逃窜，一哄而散，人群突然猛冲或飞奔There was a stampede of panic-stricken crowd from the burning hotel.一群惊惶失措的人们,从失火的旅馆中跑了出来。3 A mass impulsive action 蜂拥a stampede

14、 of support for the candidate.纷纷支持那个侯选人(10)For a fleeting moment I felt uneasy.Like many Americans making their first tripto an unfamiliar Asian city,I had harbored qualms about just how I might bereceived.qualmn.A sudden disturbing feeling不安，疑虑；突然引起不安的感觉qualms of homesickness思乡症3.Paraphrase:(1)But

15、then it came to my mind that people have given up guilt for too long a time.During that period of time of about ten years or more,those welcome psychologists3solved peoples mental problems by writing books instead of giving clinical treatment.And they are trying to advocate the concept that nobody s

16、hould feel guilty foranything.(2)In the past,it was commonly thought that to love himself,everyone should firstgive up his guilt.For the most part of the past ten years,people deliberately ignoredthe sense of guilt without understanding its meaning and significance.(3)Whats more,we would never be on

17、e of those who give up their guilt whilebecoming more and more deteriorated in excessive admiration of themselves.(4)There are people who are tortured by unreasonable guilt.Of course we are notwilling to be one of them or guide our children to be one of them.(5)In such a changeable world,our sense o

18、f duty is very likely to change our feeling.Now an old concept may conflict with a new one on what we should do.There is agreat difference between our belief and the education we got,and that differenceresults in the sense of guilt.(6)If guilt represents the contradiction of our standards of behavio

19、r,it is a goodthing full of strength and humanness.(7)In some aspect,the so-called bad feeling reflects the best nature of human being.Because we dont want to feel guilty,we will not do bad things.(8)In that aspect,guilt can make us civilized and force us by conscience to be goodpeople instead of pu

20、tting ourselves in the first place urgently.4.Cloze:Guilt can be a feeling of(1)remorse about an action or situation in which youhad some culpability or(2)responsibility.Sometimes we can feel guilty even thereis no(3)reason.Any ideas about what has(4)triggered the guilt?What is of interest in ourcon

21、text is the neurotic sense of guilt which is a form of(5)anxiety mostlyconnected to repressed,murderous rage.The person feels as if he had(6)committed a moral crime.Does too much(7)criticism really cause too much guilt?Harsh parentingleads to decreased(8)empathy,guilt,and selfcontrol.Children are mo

22、re likely to(9)develop a sense of morality/conscience if parents use induction.Guilt meansthat a person does something that(10)violate their moral code,(11)value system,or their sense of right/wrong and good/bad.In other words,once they dosomething(12)against their duty,people will have the sense of

23、 guilt.In the finalanalysis we judge things by whether they(13)fulfill the purpose for which theywere made.It is a(14)generally accepted principle that one cannot condemnsomething for(15)failing to achieve what it was never(16)intended to achieve.Ifman is merely a(17)biochemical machine,he cannot be

24、(18)judged on any moralgrounds(19)since the behavior of machines is predetermined by their very(20)nature and is in no sense“moral.”45.Translation:A.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.A.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.To be happy,a man must feel,firstly,free and,secondly,i

25、mportant.人要想快乐，首先必须感到自由，其次，必须感到自己重要。He cannot be really happy if he iscompelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing,or if what he enjoys doingis ignored by society as of no value or importance.假如迫于社会压力做自己不乐意做的事，或者乐于做的事被认为一文不值，毫不重要，得不到社会的承认，那么这样的人是不可能真正快乐的。A man is a laborer if the job soci

26、ety offers him isof no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning aliving and supporting his family.倘若一个人对社会给予他的差事不感兴趣，干下去只是出于谋生和养家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是个雇佣劳动者。A man is aworker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do.倘若一个人打心眼里对社会掏钱让他干的差事感兴趣，那

27、么他就是一个工作者。Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends,not on the job itself,buton the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.一件差事究竟是劳动还是工作并不取决于差事本身，而是取决于干这个差事的人的喜好。The difference does notcoincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.这种差异并不等同于体力和脑力劳动之间的区别。Which a m

28、an is can be seen from his attitudetoward leisure.从一个人对休闲的态度可以看出他属于哪类人。To a worker,leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently.对工作者而言，休闲不过是放松休息几个小时，为的是工作起来效率更高。He istherefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much.所以他很可能花很少的时间休息，而不是很多。To the l

29、aborer,on the other hand,leisure means freedomfrom compulsion,so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he hasto spend laboring,and the more hours he is free to play,the better.对劳动者而言恰恰相反，休闲意味着摆脱了羁绊，他总盼着少干多玩，工作时间越短越好，这种想法也在情理之中。B.Translate the following sentences into English.B.T

30、ranslate the following sentences into English.(1)People appealed to the government to put in a good word for the real hero afterthe truth came out.(2)On the coming of the New Year,it occurred to Sam that he should put aside hiswork for a while and call his parents.(3)In a time of change,young people

31、 often put self-interest in the first place andtune out social commitment.(4)The government has realized that serious social problems may arise fromwealth polarization,and measures have been taken to shorten the distance.(5)As the cost of being famous,stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism,b

32、ecausepeople always have higher expectations of them.(6)After the terrorist attack was successfully suppressed,the horror-strickenhostages were shepherded across a secret passage to the safety zone.(7)Finally,the author chose to retort the rumor not because of any personal offense,but rather in resp

33、onse to injuries inflicted on others.5(8)The criminal explains to his lawyer that his will is so naturally fragile that hisphysical needs often overpower his feeling,which leads to the theft of hisacquaintance.(9)When her grandma,the only person who loved her in the world,passed away,her heart was f

34、illed with nothing else but deep sorrow and regret.Unit 2 In the Beginning:God and Science2.Vocabulary(1)profane(2)ignited(3)concocted(4)reverberations(5)subversive(6)enigmatic(7)convergence(8)provisional(9)defy（10)transparent3.Paraphrase(1)Its hard and even intolerable to imagine the infinitive uni

35、verse,like the endlesstime,but this idea can at least make people feel calm and peaceful.(2)However,in recent decades,the Steady State model of universe has beensubstituted in scientific field by a more difficult idea that the universe is full offorceful actions.(3)The Big Bang theory makes some ast

36、ronomers very uneasy,but at the same time,creates a little excitement in religious field for it seems to confirm their belief increation.(4)Science educed the Big Bang theory from the hard work of assumption andtestification and even unexpected but pleasant incidents,which share little interestwith

37、ideology.(5)Many theologians also agree that the similar point of religion and science on theissue of creation is accidental without deep significance.(6)Some scientists refuse to consider the issue of creation with the attitude ofdealing with the fact.(7)Yet,actually everyone,including scientists a

38、nd common religious persons,ispossessed by the confusing issues of creation and even what happened before it.(8)People who are engaged in the hitech field need something from spirit andethics to conduct their work.(9)The Big Bang theory of course is not the perfect final theory of creation thathuman

39、 can develop,but what it shows to us is a vast unknown area that requireseffort and appropriate respect from both religion and science.4.Cloze(1)concerned(2)deeply(3)movements(4)longing(5)endeavor(6)present(7)religious(8)suffice(9)varying(10)experience(11)primitive(12)evokes(13)stage6(14)poorly(15)c

40、reates(16)depend(17)handed(18)disposed(19)degree(20)basis5.TranslationA.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(1)硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是，在几十亿年前，是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。为什么恰在那时发生呢？对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同，宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。自启蒙运动以来，圣经所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”，如人之堕落和耶稣

41、基督的奇迹，屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑；它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”：创世说。(2)美国国家航空和航天局宣布科学家已经发现来自火星的陨石中有生命的迹象。到目前为止，公众的反响相当积极。不过随着人们进一步领会其深层含义，这种积极的反响可能会改变。来自国家宇航局的这一消息是近 500 年来对人类最大的冒犯。这个新发现说明生命很可能是相当普通的一种现象，只要有点机会在任何地方都可能发生。地球并不特殊。异类的生命形式也不特别。它们不是人们通常合情合理想象的长着尖尖耳朵或其它可爱特点的人形生命，它们很可能更像简单的细菌。地球上的生命之所以特别是因为

42、我们只了解这一种生命形式。那么就这一点来说，现在行将破碎的那类教条根本就是建立在无知的基础上的。生物学的根基非常脆弱，它只有一个数据点，即地球上的生命。B.Translate the following sentences into English.(1)Since my grandma knows nothing about electrical appliance,she always staysclear of any of them with fear.(2)Although they have been sieged for almost a week,the soldiers sw

43、ear never toyield the ground to the enemy.(3)To his embarrassment,his new boss turned out to be his primary schoolclassmate,on whom he used to play trick.(4)Everybody should know how to choose when their social responsibility clasheswith their personal interest.(5)Tourists from all over the world ar

44、e really taken by the beauty and intelligenceshown in this palace.(6)This book provides a sharp look at the domestic lives of middleclass AfricanAmericans and the residual impacts of slavery and racial discrimination.(7)That morning in the largest rural market in Asian,I saw at least a hundredthousa

45、nd people jostled with one another to buy livestock,which is so unforgettableto me.(8)The narration at first continues the light spoken tone of the earlier novel,but as itdevelops,this tone recedes,only occasionally bursting forth in humorous words.(9)The two groups concurred that even the toughest

46、gun laws would have no effecton crime rate;the key lies in the education of people.(10)No one could expect that the great writers grave was marked by a small woodenboard,bearing his name,the letters of which were nearly obliterated by time.7Unit 3 Privacy and Property on Net2.Vocabulary(1)confidenti

47、al(2)facilitate(3)bizarre(4)innovation(5)surveillance(6)Incidentally(7)administered(8)deregulation3.Paraphrase(1)Although privacy and property are firmly established in the history of humandevelopment,they vary as the social criteria change.(2)They two are based on experience and can be scientifical

48、ly true.However,theymay be proved wrong in some domains like social aspects.(3)It seems fair for everyone that the law forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleepunder bridges,whereas,the truth is that the rich dont have to sleep under bridgesso the law only places restrictions on the poor.(4)Copy

49、right sounds fair to both celebrities and obscurities,but it virtually separatecelebrities from the other musicians because only celebrities and major distributioncompanies have the ability to defend their copyright by legal means.This revealsinequality under the cover of so called equality.(5)Court

50、 officials who have made a solemn promise could explore the doubtful casesthen specify those really guilty few and report to punish them according to laws.(6)Information technology cannot provide convincing answers to such questionsthus ending up being doubted by public,following nuclear power and g