Unit1 语法 主谓一致语法趣味讲解课件人教高中英语必修四.pptx

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1、Book IV Unit 1 Women of achievement GrammarExerciseHomeworkLead-incontent1234Iverygladtohearthatyouhaveagoodtimeeveryday.Yousupposedtoturnoffthelightsbeforeleaving.Sheasmartgirlwhostudiesveryhard.Heworkingatafactorythatisnotfarfromhishome.Itapitythattheylostthegame.我我用用am，你用，你用are，is连着她他它。连着她他它。amar

2、eisisisAquizAquiz用用be动词的正确形式填空动词的正确形式填空主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的_与_在_和_上必须保持一致Subject-Verb Agreement主谓主谓一致一致谓语动词谓语动词主语主语人称人称数数WeareinClass7,whichislikeabigfamily.1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近原则4.就远原则主谓一致的主谓一致的四四个原则个原则:一、语法一、语法一致：一致：主语主语为为单数时，谓语动词用单数；单数时，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数时，谓语也对应用复数。主语为复数时，谓语也对应用复数。Heexerciseseveryday.Theyexercis

3、eeveryday.Thesebooks(belong)tothestudents.They(be)totheGreatWallthreetimes.1.主语主语是不可数名词、单数名词或代词时，谓语动词用是不可数名词、单数名词或代词时，谓语动词用单数单数；主语是复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数；主语是复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数。Theairinthecountryside(be)veryfreshandclean.Thelittlegirlalways(go)toschoolonfoot.He(be)suchakindboythathe(have)somanyfriends.isgoes

4、ishasbelonghavebeen2.由由and连接连接的的名词名词或代词或代词做做主语时主语时，谓，谓动一般用复数。动一般用复数。Waterandsunshine(be)importanttoplants.DaxiongandDoraemon(be)havinglunch.Heandsheoften(walk)toschool.arearewalkThesingerandwriter_veryfamous.is注意：注意：1）由由 and 连接的并列连接的并列主语主语,如果如果主语是主语是同同一个人一个人(事事)，同同一一概概念念,同一同一整体整体时时,谓语谓语动词用动词用单数单数(an

5、d后面名词没有冠词后面名词没有冠词)，否则用否则用复数复数.A knife and forkusedtohavemeals.isThesingerandthewriter_veryfamous.areAhammerandasawusefultools.areEachmanandwoman_thesamerights.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.ishavingManyaman_(believe)thestory.hasbelieves注意：）由each,every,no,manya(许多)所修饰的名词，即使用and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。Manyaboyandmanyagirl

6、_(like)thestory.likes3.动词动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Seeingisbelieving.ToknoweverythingistoknownothingToknowoneselfistrueprogress.Constantdrippingwearsastone眼见为实。滴水穿石。样样通，样样松。人贵有自知之明。Whathedid(be)reallyridiculous.Whethertheywillgofishing(depend)ontheweather.4.主语从句作主语主语从句作主语时，谓语时，谓语动词一般

7、用动词一般用单数单数。what引引导的导的主语主语从句根据后面名词单复数确定谓语单复数。从句根据后面名词单复数确定谓语单复数。Thathewillcomehere(be)stilldoubtful.Whatheneed(be)apen.Whatheneed(be)somebooks.wasdependsisisare5由不定代词either,neither,each,one;everyone,everybody,everything;someone,somebody,something;anyone,anybody,anything;noone,nothing;等作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词通

8、常用单数Everybodyherehasadream.Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?Eitherisok.Isanybodyhome?Nobodyishome.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?1.Ithinkwhathesaid(be)right.2.Dringkingtoomuchcola(do)harmtoyourhealth.3.Eachofthem(have)anEnglishdictionary.4.Breadandbutter(be)whatAmericanshaveforbreakfast.5.JimandI(be)bestfr

9、iends.6.Theteacherandartist(be)alsoourbestguide.7.Itistruethateverything(go)well.isdoeshasisareisgoes二、意义二、意义一致一致谓语谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。标志。Ithinkpolitics(be)easytostudy.ArabianNights(be)anveryinterestingbook.Peoplehere(be)veryfriendly.isisare1.形复意单名词如:news;以ic

10、s结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics;国名如:theUnitedStates;报纸名如:theNewYorkTimes;书名如:ArabianNights;以及theUnitedNations等作主语;谓语动词要用单数.2.名词如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有单数的量词apairof修饰时，谓语用单数。Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.isAmilliondollars_(is/are)reallyalotofmoney.Sixtyyear

11、salongtime.Threethousandmilesalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsnottooheavytobecarried.isisis3.表示表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示单时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。位数量用作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。Thegroup_madeupofninestudents.Thegroup_dancinghappily.is isareareTheteam_somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam_handsome.(be)

12、hasare4.由集体名词，如group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,company,audience,club,party,crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体(强调整体），谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，（强调个体）则用复数形式.注意：集体名词为people,police,cattle，谓语动词用复数形式e.g.Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.5.“the+形容词/过去分词做主语的主谓一致“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓动用复数；若指某一抽象概念，则用单数。“th

13、e 姓氏的复数形式”(表示夫妇或一家人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Thesickhereareverywellcaredfor.Thetrueistobetoldfromthefalse.TheGreensaregoingtobeachnextweek.6.由由分数或百分数或分数或百分数或alotof,lotsof,plentyof,halfof,therestof,someof,mostof,allof,(a)partof+名词或代词作主名词或代词作主语时，要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式语时，要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式。三、就近三、就近原则原则谓语谓语动词单复

14、数取决于离它最近动词单复数取决于离它最近的的名词或代词，名词或代词，而无须考虑其他的词而无须考虑其他的词Thereisateacherandfourstudentsinthepicture.Therearefourstudentsandateacherinthepicture.A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B VerbHere There+VerbA and BA,B and C1.当当用作主语的两个名词或代词由用作主语的两个名词或代词由or,eitheror,neithernor或或n

15、otonlybutalso连接时连接时,谓语谓语通常与临近的名词或代词保持一致。通常与临近的名词或代词保持一致。2.由由there或或here引导的句子引导的句子,主语不止一个名词主语不止一个名词时时,谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致.Not only you but also he _ wrong.(be)Neither you nor he _ right.(beThere _ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station.(be)Here _ a map and a handbook for

16、 you.(be)isisareis_Eitheryouorhe(have)tostayathomethisafternoon.has四、就远原则四、就远原则谓语谓语动词不与最靠近它的名词或代词一致而与主动词不与最靠近它的名词或代词一致而与主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致）语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致）They,togetherwithJimaregoingtowatchmeteorshower.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.Mr.Black,aswellastwowomen,_attheoffice.isMr.Blackwit

17、h,togetherwith,（和（和一起）一起）alongwith,（同（同一道）一道）aswellas,（既（既又又）asmuchas,（和（和一样多）一样多）nolessthan,（和）一样；多达ratherthan,（宁愿（宁愿）except,besides,but(除了）including,(包括)like,inadditionto（另外（另外）*主语主语+with/togetherwith/ratherthan+名词名词/代词代词,谓语动词单复数跟句首主语一谓语动词单复数跟句首主语一致。致。1.Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/

18、were)2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.playwasA1Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityAisBareCamDbe2NeithermywifenorI_abletopersuade my daughter to change hermindAisBareCamDbeExercises:3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexamina

19、tionafteranotherAisBareCamDbe4Not the teacher，but the students_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe5NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen6A woman with some children _soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome7Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis.AknowBknowsCiskn

20、ownDareknown8Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadingDisreading9Allbutone_intheaccidentAwaskilledBwerekilledCwillbekilledDarekilled10.When and where to build the newfactory_yet.A.hasnotbeendecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided11.Thenumberofpeopleinvite

21、d_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were12._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;is D.Twofifths;are13.Theresultsoftheexamination_thatyouhaveallmadegreat_.A.show;progressB.shows;progressC.show;progre

22、ssesD.shows;progresses14.Here_anewpairofshoesforyou.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasThenecklaceThestoryhappenedinParis.Oneday,Pierretogetherwithhiswife,Mathilde_invitedtoaballatthepalace.Bothofthem_verygladtoaccepttheinvitation.Notonlyanewdressbutalsosomejewelry_needed.Butthefamily_notarichone,theyonlycouldoffe

23、rtobuyadress.Soadiamondnecklace_borrowedfromMathildesfriendJeanne.Butneitherofthem_toldthatthenecklace_notarealdiamondone.Fillintheblankswiththeproperverbs:waswerewaswaswaswaswasTheywenttotheball,andthey_bothhappy.Ontheirwayhome,Mathildefoundthenecklace_nomorearoundherneck.Theylookedeverywhereforit,

24、buttheycouldntfindit.It_lost.Alotofmoney_borrowed,andanewdiamondnecklace_bought.Topayoffthedebts,thecouplehadtoworkdayandnight.Tenyears_alongtime,butatlasttheypaidoffalltheirdebts.WhenMathildemetJeanneinthepark,she_toldthefact.ThenecklacesheborrowedfromJeanne_onlyworth500francs.werewaswaswaswaswaswa

25、swas主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单。集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间复数谓语记心间.有些名词谓常复有些名词谓常复,people,police,cattle即这般即这般主语单数后接介主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关谓语单数介无关.many a作主语也如此作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单谓语动词应用单or,nor,but also,there be,近主原则挂嘴边近主原则挂嘴边.Homework Homework Homework Homework 1.Reviewnewwordsandexpressions.2.Reviewthegrammarpoints.3.Finishtheexerciseonyourworkbooks.