完形阅读写作复习建议.pptx
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1、一、完形填空第1页/共69页(一)完形填空解题技巧*完形填空题考查什么1)篇章理解能力2)词语的意义、辨析、运用能力3)根据已有信息和线索分析、判断、推理能力*完形填空题解题方法1)快速通读全文,掌握大意,了解背景、人物等线索第一遍不填空,不停留注意连词、副词提供的线索第2页/共69页 Mr.Klein told the class that a new student,Inez,would join them soon.He 39 that Inez was deaf.She“talked”with others by using sign language.Mr.Klein knew si
2、gn language,and he decided to teach 40 students so that they could also“talk”with Inez.First,they learned to sign the letters.Some letters were hard to 41 _Other letters,such as C,were easier because the shape(形状)of the hand was the same as the shape of the letter.The 42 thing they learned was finge
3、r spelling.They signed one letter after another to spell a word.They 43 with two-letter words such as at and on.Then they spelled 44 words.Finally,Mr.Klein showed that 45 one sign could be used for a whole word.To make the sign for the word fine,a person spreads out(张开)the fingers on one hand,46 the
4、 thumb(拇指)to the chest(前胸),and moves the hand away from the chest.Signing is not just 47 with the hands.42.A.first B.only C.last D.next 第3页/共69页2)先易后难。会的先答,不会的跳过去,借助已有信息,思考和解决其他问题3)通篇考虑,前后呼应根据前边给出的线索,推断后面的空应填什么ItwasanEnglishsongcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!ItmeantIhadto_8_
5、infrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!A.writeB.speakC.singD.dance根据后边出现的线索,回过去填前边的空Nobody_8_himinthevillage.Onedayhesaidtothem,“Iknowyoudontlikeme”A.believedB.likedC.hatedD.knew 第4页/共69页 Underatreehehappenedtohearapigandacow8.Thepigwassingingasongtothecow,“ABCDEFG,IcansaymyABC”A.cryingB.laugh
6、ingC.singingD.talkingCountrymusiccomesfrom8kindsofmusic.OneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedStates.TheotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest.A.manyB.allC.twoD.three第5页/共69页4)抓住重要信息和线索,推理分析,突破难点Thechildrentriedtogetintothehousethroughthefrontdoorbutitwas_8_.A.openB
7、.movedC.lockedD.dirtyKnowingwhattododuringafirecansavealife.Itis_8_toknowthewaysyoucanuseandshowthemtoeveryoneinthefamily,suchasstepsandfireescapes,butnotlifts.A.interestingB.terribleC.importantD.boring5)复读、检查,发现问题,纠正错误不管原来的答案,重做一遍把答案代入原文,重读一遍第6页/共69页(二)完形练习第一遍快速阅读:Persons TimePlacesIMotherManagerBr
8、othersSistersOfficeLiving roomWhen I was sixWhen I was thirtyThat eveningAt that momentYears later第7页/共69页 I keep a two-dollar bill in my wallet(钱包).My mother gave it to me when I was six years old.The bill goes with me wherever I go because I believe luck would 38 me everywhere.Whenever I felt ther
9、e was a trouble,I would 39 for my two-dollar bill and set it on the table,I would watch it for several hours and could always come up with 40.第二遍遍读边做,注意提示信息较远的可以先跳过去,回头再做;决定选项的时候,用下划线划出为什么选择某个答案的上下文线索。第8页/共69页 When I began to look for my first job,I was thirty years old and very 41.The thought of be
10、ing interviewed(面试)for a job was scary(恐怖的)but I had to work.Mrs.Martin,the office manager,asked me some questions and the interview was over.As I got 42 her office,I said,“Mrs.Martin,I know that I am not the best applicants(申请者),but please give me a chance.I learn quickly and can be a very 43 membe
11、r of your team.”That evening I received a phone call from Mrs.Martin.“Gina,”she said.“You were not the best applicant,but you have so much confidence(信心)in yourself that we have 44 to give you a chance.”“Thank you so much,Mrs.Martin!”I said.I was so excited that I forgot to say 45 to Mrs.Martin.简单推理
12、第9页/共69页 I took out my two-dollar bill.“Thanks,Mom.I am going to 46 it,”I said out loud so my mother could hear me.At that moment,I remember the time she pulled all of us into the living room and said,“You are all clever in my 47,but if you fail once,dont give up.You will be successful.”I still thin
13、k of Mom every day and keep my two-dollar bill in my wallet.At a family reunion(团聚)years later,I found that my brothers and sisters 48 had two-dollar bills in their wallets.We laughed and talked about how 49 this gift from Mom had been to each of us.简单推理简单推理第10页/共69页Themainideaofthepassageis:Aspecia
14、lgiftfromMom.第11页/共69页二、阅读理解能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词含义;能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系;能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料;能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息;除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达15万词以上。第12页/共69页(一)中考阅读的题材和体裁中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面);体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等),这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累,迎合中
15、考命题趋势。第13页/共69页(二)阅读理解考查的具体能力阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上,考生要了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。第14页/共69页(三)阅读理解题具体考查的内容理解文中的具体信息;根据上下文推测生词的词义根据上下文推测生词的词义;理解文中的概念性含义;进行有关的判断、推理和引申;理解主旨要义理解主旨要义;理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系;理解作者的意图、观点或态度理解作者的意图、观点或态度。第15页/
16、共69页(四)推理题及解题技巧推理题一般包括数字推理,知识推断和逻辑推理,它主要考查我们理清上下逻辑关系的能力,可以算是各类题型中最难的一种。推理题常常考查考生:进行有关的判断、推理和引申;理解作者的意图、观点或态度等。逻辑词常用的有:“infer,conclude,imply,suggest”等。第16页/共69页【技巧】看是否通过题干返回原文(或根据选项返回);依据原文的意思进行“三错一对”的判断;注意推理时的“最近答案”原则;注意不要“想的太多,推得太远”。推理题的答案很大程度上是原文的重现,不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文得出。第17页/共69页(五)词汇题及解题技巧词汇题主要测试考生根据
17、上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。标志是Theunderlinedword“”inlinerefersto【技巧】返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方;注意结合上下文,理解该词的意思;可判断该词汇是否超纲,如果是纲内词汇,则字面意思,必然不是正确答案;词汇的正确答案,经常蕴藏在原文该词出现的前后。第18页/共69页句子理解题要求考生:理解文中的具体信息;理解文中的概念性含义。【技巧】返回原文,找到该句子;对原句进行语法和词义上的精确剖析,应该重点抓原句的字面含义,不要进行归纳,演绎,推理;一般说来,选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同,只不过是用其他英语词汇表达而已。第19页/共69页(六)指代题及解题技
18、巧指代题主要考查考生整体理解文章的能力,并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。【技巧】返回原文,找出题的指代词;向上搜索,找最近的名词,名词性词组或句子;将找到的词,词组或句子代入,替换该指代词,看意思是否通顺;将找到的词,词组与四个选项想比较,找出最佳答案。第20页/共69页(七)主旨题及解题技巧主旨题要求考生:理解主旨要义。主要测试考生对短文整体理解概括的能力。一般是第一或最后一个题。标志词有:“mainlyabout;mainlydiscuss;besttitle”等。【技巧】注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体;小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案;快速作文法解题。做题前可以自
19、己思考一下“如果是我写这个题目,我会怎么写?”。第21页/共69页(八)态度观点题及解题技巧态度观点题主要考查考生:理解作者的意图,观点或态度的能力。标志词:attitude,purpose等。【技巧】精确理解四个选项词语的含义。归纳起来,常见的态度词有:Opposition反对,suspicion怀疑的,Approval支持,indifference冷漠(一般不选),Optimistic乐观的,subjective主观的,objective客观的,pessimistic悲观的,biased有偏见的,impartial公正的,sensitive敏感的。不要搀杂自己的观点;可以寻找文中一些具有感
20、情色彩的词;可以抓论述的主线及举例的方式。第22页/共69页1.通过因果关系猜词 借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)You shouldnt have blamed him for that,for it wasnt his fault.(九)猜词题实例第23页/共69页2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 1)同义词 and 或 or 连接的词组happy and gay 解释过程中使用的同义词Man has known something about the planets Venus,M
21、ars,and Jupiter.第24页/共69页2)反义词 表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等 与not搭配的或表示否定意义 的词语 He is so homely,not as handsome as his brother.第25页/共69页3.通过构词法猜词 1).前缀un-表反义词,如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important、unimportant等。2).后缀-ment表名词,如develop、development,state、statement,argue、argument等。3).后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词
22、,如calculate、calculator,visit、visitor,law、lawyer,wait、waiter,science、scientist,art、artist等。第26页/共69页4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.5.通过句法功能来推测词义Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.
23、第27页/共69页6.通过描述猜词 The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.第28页/共69页推断短文的主旨大意题是阅读测试中测定学生阅读能力经常出现的一种题,也是学生感到最为棘手、最容易出错的题。主旨推断题要求学生具有很强的话语篇章把握能力和分析能力,能够从全局的角度对文章括以总领,梳清脉络。可以说,对阅读理
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