四肢前面的深层.pptx
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1、上肢的深部解剖第1页/共51页胸 肌Extrinsic musclesPectoralis major 胸大肌 Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Serratus anterior 前锯肌Intrinsic musclesIntercostales externi 肋间外肌Intercostales interni 肋间内肌Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌第2页/共51页胸大肌Origin:medial half of clavicle,sternum,1th-6th costal cartilages.Insertion:crest of greater tube
2、rcle of humerus.Action:flexes,adducts and rotates arm medially;arm fixed,elevates trunk;elevates ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration.第3页/共51页上肢肌Muscles of shoulder 肩肌DeltoidsupraspinatusInfraspinatusTeres minorTeres majorsubscapularis第4页/共51页Muscles of arm 臂肌Antererior groupBiceps brachii 肱二头肌Cor
3、acobrachialis喙肱肌Brachialis 肱肌Posterior group triceps brachii肱三头肌第5页/共51页前臂肌Superficial layer(第一层)Brachioradialis 肱桡肌Pronator teres 旋前圆肌Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌Palmaris longus 掌长肌Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌第6页/共51页Second layer(第二层)flexor digitorum superficials 指浅屈肌第7页/共51页Third layer(第三层)Flexor dig
4、itorum profundus 指深屈肌Flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌Fourth layer(第四层)pronator quadratus 旋前方肌Action:flex radiocarpal joint and fingers,pronate forearm第8页/共51页腋窝周界及内容周界:顶 底 四壁 第9页/共51页Axillary fossa 腋窝腋窝The axillary fossa is a pyramid-shaped space through which major neurovascular structures pass between
5、the thorax and upper extremity第10页/共51页Boundaries 边界 The apex is a triangular space limited by the first rib,the scapula,and the middle third of clavicle.The baseskin and fascia of the axillary fossa 第11页/共51页观察锁胸筋膜观察锁胸筋膜(锁骨下肌、胸小肌及喙突之间)(锁骨下肌、胸小肌及喙突之间)及穿行的结构及穿行的结构(头(头V,胸肩峰胸肩峰A和胸外侧和胸外侧N),),并修洁之;并修洁之;修
6、洁胸小肌;修洁胸小肌;第12页/共51页The anterior wall 前壁Pectoralis major,pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles 胸大、小肌,锁骨下肌Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜The deep faxcia which extends between subclavius,coracoid process and pectoralis minor musclesThe structures pass through the clavipectoral faxcia 穿锁胸筋膜的结构Cephalic v.头静
7、脉Thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉Lateral pectoral n.胸外侧神经 第13页/共51页Axillary sheath 腋鞘extension of deep cervical fascia of the neck,forming a tubular sheath that surrounds axillary a.and v.,and brachial plexus第14页/共51页腋动脉 axillary A被胸小肌分为三段。第一段 第一肋与胸小肌上缘(发出 胸上A)第二段 胸小肌后方(发出 胸肩峰A、胸外侧A)第三段 胸小肌下缘至大圆肌下缘(发出 旋肱前、后A
8、、肩胛下A)第15页/共51页上肢的动脉Axillary artery 腋动脉Continuation of subclavian artery at lateral border of first ribBecomes brachial artery at lower border of teres majorDivided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minorFirst portion,above musclegives rise to thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉Second portion,behind musc
9、legives rise to lateral thoracic a.胸外侧动脉Third portion,below musclegives rise to subscapular a.肩胛下动脉,anterior and posterior humeral circumflex a.旋肱前、后动脉;the former then divides into throcodorsal a.胸背动脉 and circumflex scapular a.旋肩胛动脉第16页/共51页第17页/共51页臂丛的主要分支外侧束分支 肌皮神经、胸外侧神经 正中神经外侧根内侧束分支胸内侧神经、臂内侧皮神经、前
10、臂内侧皮神经、尺神经、正中神经内侧根后束的分支肩胛下神经、腋神经、桡神经、胸背神经、胸长神经第18页/共51页深层结构深层结构观察胸前筋膜观察胸前筋膜及腋筋膜,并及腋筋膜,并去除之;去除之;修洁胸大肌,修洁胸大肌,在距起点在距起点2cm处弧形切断该处弧形切断该肌,割断胸内肌,割断胸内侧神经和胸外侧神经和胸外侧神经,并向侧神经,并向外上翻至其止外上翻至其止点。点。第19页/共51页在胸小肌的在胸小肌的起点处切断,起点处切断,并向外上翻;并向外上翻;观察穿过胸观察穿过胸小肌的胸内小肌的胸内侧神经。侧神经。解剖腋淋巴解剖腋淋巴结,并去除结,并去除之。之。观察腋鞘。观察腋鞘。解剖腋鞘内解剖腋鞘内结构。
11、结构。第20页/共51页臂前区解剖臂前区解剖1、保留浅静脉和皮神经,去除浅筋膜;2、去除深筋膜,修洁臂前群肌;3、解剖肱二头肌内侧沟内结构;4、解剖肌皮神经;第21页/共51页Musculocutaneous n.Median n.Medial brachial cutaneous n.Ulnar n.Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.Superior ulnar coleteral a.Deep brachial a.第22页/共51页Musculocutaneous n.Median n.Axillary a.Brachial a.Medial antebra
12、chial cutaneous n.Medial brachial cutaneous n.Deep brachial a.Superior ulnar coleteral a.&Ulnar n.Inferior ulnar coleteral a.第23页/共51页肘前区解剖1、保留浅静脉和皮神经,去除浅筋膜;2、去除深筋膜,修洁肱二头肌腱膜;3、修洁构成肘窝境界的肌肉;4、剪断肱二头肌腱膜;5、解剖肱二头肌腱膜深面的肱动脉及其分支、正中神经;6、追踪前臂外侧皮神经至肱二头肌深面;7、在肱肌与肱桡肌之间寻找桡神经,向下追踪并寻找出桡神经深支和桡神经浅支。第24页/共51页肘前区解剖肘前区解剖
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