名词性从句--高考英语语法专题.pptx

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1、高考英语名词性从句复习学好名词性从句 英语表达随心所欲That is why he doesnt like Jay Chou.In fact,it is certain that we would not be able to understand ancient English if we heard it today.I dont know who(whom)they are waiting for.His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.判断下列划线部分充当什么成分判断下列划线部分充当什么成分表语从句表语从

2、句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句共同特征：共同特征：名词性结构名词性结构名词性从句释义名词性从句是主语、宾语、表语、同位语四种从句的总称,因为这四种成分通常由名词性的结构充当。This is the process of making a paper plane.This is how a paper plane is made.The accident made him upset.What happened made him upset.(名词短语名词短语充当表语充当表语)(从句从句充当表语充当表语)(名词名词充当主语充当主语)(从句从句充当主语充当主语)I dont

3、 understand your words.I dont understand what you said.We should follow his suggestion.We should follow his suggestion that we do more reading.(名词充当宾语名词充当宾语)(从句充当宾语从句充当宾语)(从句充当同位语从句充当同位语)连接词按其在从句中所起的连接词按其在从句中所起的作用作用分为：分为：1 1）连接代词连接代词：who(-ever),what(-ever),which(-ever),whom(-ever),who(-ever),what(-e

4、ver),which(-ever),whom(-ever),whose(-ever)whose(-ever)2 2）连接副词连接副词：when(-ever),where(-ever),why(-ever),how(-ever)when(-ever),where(-ever),why(-ever),how(-ever)3 3）连接词连接词：that,whether,if,becausethat,whether,if,because【引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词】【连词在句中的功能】It is not clear yet which plan will be adopted.The

5、 fact is that we have lost the game.I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.I dont care about whether you have money or not.What interested me mostWhat interested me most was the way he talked.was the way he talked.【结论结论】连接代词：连接代词：连接副词：连接副词：连接词：连接词：主语、宾语、表语、限定语

6、主语、宾语、表语、限定语状语状语不充当任何成分不充当任何成分（一）主语从句（一）主语从句【定义定义】在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句考题再现考题再现fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A What B That C This D Which _ is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.(what)我想告诉你的是我对父母爱之深，尊之重。我想告诉你的是我对父

7、母爱之深，尊之重。What I want to tell you_ is the creative imagination of the writer.（make）使这本书如此精彩的是作者的创造性的想象力。_the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.(remain)新组建的委员会的政策能否付诸实施尚需拭目以待。we cant get seems better than _we have.A What,what B What,that C That,that D That,whatWhat makes the book

8、 so wonderful What makes the book so wonderful It remains to be seen whetherIt remains to be seen whether【it-主语从句】有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it it 代替主语从句作形式代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下常用句型如下：uItisItis名词从句名词从句 uitisitis形容词从句形容词从句 uitisitis过去分词从句过去

9、分词从句 uitit不及物动词从句不及物动词从句uit it 动词短语动词短语连接代词连接代词/连接副词连接副词 【典型例题】_ people spend so much money on their pets _ us a lot.A.That;surprises B.What;surprising C.How;are surprised D.That;is surprised用it作形式主语改写上句:It surprises us a lot that people spend so much money on their pets._ is a fact that English is

10、being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It It is pretty well understood_ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how ADC（二）宾语从句（二）宾语从句【定义定义】在句中用作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句在句中用作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句【分类】uIheardthathejoinedthearmy.uOursuccessdepends

11、uponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.uIamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.【结论】动词宾语、介词宾语、形容词宾语动词宾语、介词宾语、形容词宾语 u你对做过的事情感到遗憾吗你对做过的事情感到遗憾吗?Are you sorry for Are you sorry for what youve donewhat youve done?u每样事情都取决于我们是否有足够的经验每样事情都取决于我们是否有足够的经验.Everything depends on Everything depends on whether we have en

12、ough experiencewhether we have enough experience.u不论老师说什么，他总是很注意。不论老师说什么，他总是很注意。He always pays attention to He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.whatever the teacher says.u比较比较:Whatever the teacher says,Whatever the teacher says,Whatever the teacher says,Whatever the teacher says,he

13、 always pays attention to he always pays attention to he always pays attention to he always pays attention to it.it.it.it.No matter what the teacher says,No matter what the teacher says,No matter what the teacher says,No matter what the teacher says,he always pays attention to he always pays attenti

14、on to he always pays attention to he always pays attention to it.it.it.it.I think its going to be a big problem.Yes,it could be.I wonder _we can do about it.A if B how C what D thathow close you are to successDo not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell .(close)失败的时候不要泄气，因为你永远也不会知道你

15、离成功有多近。We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺任何参加派对的人都有机会和影星合影。我们许诺任何参加派对的人都有机会和影星合影。I dont know _ he is waiting for.whoeverwhoeveranyone whoanyone whowhowhoIt is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.A however B whatever C whichev

16、er D whenever Police have found _ the lost ancient statue.(appear)警方疑似已经找到了丢失的古代雕像。警方疑似已经找到了丢失的古代雕像。what appears to beThe shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.这个令人震惊的消息让我认识到我们这个令人震惊的消息让我认识到我们将要将要面面对对的问题多么可怕。的问题多么可怕。whatWe must bear in mind when we watch TV or surf the Inte

17、rnet or talk on the phone we are enjoying the fruits of mans laborA.as B.that C.while D.becauseThe message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of others actually understand.A.why B.that C.which D.whatCould I speak to is in charge of International Sales,please?A.anyone B.some

18、one C.whoever D.no matter whoAs a new diplomat,he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A.what B.which C.that D.how 【True or false】Iadmirethattheywonthematch.Iadmire itthattheywonthematch.【有些动词不能直接跟有些动词不能直接跟that that 从句从句】allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,c

19、elebrate,dislike,love,forgive,help,take,like,hate,see to,appreciate+it that.Never take _ for granted that I will help you.Better depend on yourself.A.that B.it C.which D.hisB 宾语从句的否定转移将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I don t think I know you.我想

20、我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不会回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill.我想你没有生病吧。（三）表语从句（三）表语从句【定义定义】在句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句在句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句考题再现考题再现What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A when B how C whether D whyI drove to Zhuhai fo

21、r the air show last week.Is that _you had a few days off?A why B when C what D whereI am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,he never finishes anything.我得说，他这个人光说不练，这就是他一事无成的原因。which is whyOne reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurant

22、s.购物和就餐的便捷性是她偏爱城市生活的原因之一。thatPart of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A.what B.that C.why D.whether【补充说明】表语从句常见于be动词之后，有时见于look,remain,seem之后；引导表语从句的that一般不可省略。引导表语从句的连接词除前面所列的常用词之外，还可由ThereasonisthatItisbecause,This/T

23、hat is whyIt looks as if/though等结构引出。【典型例题典型例题】1.-Are you still thinking about yesterday1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?s game?-oh,that-oh,thats _.s _.A.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I fee

24、l about it D.when I feel excitedC.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited2.Perseverance is a kind of quality and that2.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do s _ it takes to do anything well.anything well.A.what B.that C.which D.why A.what B.that C.which D.why3.I prefer shutt

25、ing myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.That Thats_I dons_I dont agree.You should have a more active life.t agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what A.where B.how C.when D.whatAA（四）同位语从句

26、（四）同位语从句【定义定义】在句中用作同位语的从句叫作同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫作同位语从句该类从句通常用在该类从句通常用在idea,news,fact,promise,idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth suggestion,belief,truth 等抽象名词的后面，说明该名等抽象名词的后面，说明该名词所表示的具体内容，常用的关联词有词所表示的具体内容，常用的关联词有that,how,that,how,when,wherewhen,where等等They have no idea at all_.A where he has

27、 gone B where did he go C which place he has gone D where has he goneModern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.现代科技已经确证吸烟会导致许多疾病。现代科技已经确证吸烟会导致许多疾病。I made a promise to myself _ this year,my first year in high school,would be different.我对自己许下诺言，今年，我在高中的第我对自己许下诺言，今年，我在

28、高中的第二二年，将会彻底改观。年，将会彻底改观。thatthat【同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别】(1)They expressed the(1)They expressed the(1)They expressed the(1)They expressed the hopehopehopehope that they would come over to visit that they would come over to visit that they would come over to visit that they would come over to visi

29、t China againChina againChina againChina again.(2)We all know the(2)We all know the(2)We all know the(2)We all know the truth truth truth truth that the earth goes round the sunthat the earth goes round the sunthat the earth goes round the sunthat the earth goes round the sun.(3)The(3)The(3)The(3)Th

30、e bookbookbookbook that I bought yesterday is worth readingthat I bought yesterday is worth readingthat I bought yesterday is worth readingthat I bought yesterday is worth reading.(4)This is the(4)This is the(4)This is the(4)This is the questionquestionquestionquestion that I asked my teacher yester

31、daythat I asked my teacher yesterdaythat I asked my teacher yesterdaythat I asked my teacher yesterday.(5)The(5)The(5)The(5)The problemproblemproblemproblem that we do not have enough money has that we do not have enough money has that we do not have enough money has that we do not have enough money

32、 has not yet been solvednot yet been solvednot yet been solvednot yet been solved.同同同同定定定定判断以下从句是定语从句还是同位语从句判断以下从句是定语从句还是同位语从句:同同同同定定定定同同同同【结论结论】u同位语从句前面是抽象名词同位语从句前面是抽象名词,从句说明名词的从句说明名词的内容，定语从句说明名词的性质特征，对其限内容，定语从句说明名词的性质特征，对其限制、修饰制、修饰,说明其身份；说明其身份；u前者所用连词前者所用连词thatthat不充当句子成分，也不能不充当句子成分，也不能省略省略,后者所用关系

33、代词后者所用关系代词thatthat充当句子成分充当句子成分,充当充当宾语可以省略。宾语可以省略。我不知道他是否会来。（我不知道他是否会来。（我不知道他是否会来。（我不知道他是否会来。（whether or not/have no ideawhether or not/have no ideawhether or not/have no ideawhether or not/have no idea）I dont know I dont know I dont know I dont know whether or notwhether or notwhether or notwhether

34、or not hell come.hell come.hell come.hell come.I have no idea whether he will come.I have no idea whether he will come.I have no idea whether he will come.I have no idea whether he will come.每样东西都取决于情况是否会改变。每样东西都取决于情况是否会改变。每样东西都取决于情况是否会改变。每样东西都取决于情况是否会改变。Everything depends on whether the situation w

35、ill change.Everything depends on whether the situation will change.Everything depends on whether the situation will change.Everything depends on whether the situation will change.我们是否会去取决于天气。我们是否会去取决于天气。我们是否会去取决于天气。我们是否会去取决于天气。Whether well goWhether well goWhether well goWhether well go depends on t

36、he weather.depends on the weather.depends on the weather.depends on the weather.问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is The question is The question is The question is whether it is worth doing.whether it is worth doing.whether it is worth doing.whether it is worth doing.请告诉我去不去。（不定式

37、）请告诉我去不去。（不定式）请告诉我去不去。（不定式）请告诉我去不去。（不定式）Please tell me Please tell me Please tell me Please tell me whether to gowhether to gowhether to gowhether to go （or notor notor notor not）.【whether和if区别】【结论只能用whether的场合】u主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句uWhether or not 连用u介词之后uWhether to do（inf.）【Whether 和 if 可以替换的场合】u 宾语从句1.

38、I wonder if this is _you are looking for.2.Our school is quite different from _ it was before.3.Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.5._ the earth is round is known to us all.whatwhatthatWhat That【that 与 w

39、hat】【结论结论】_在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，_在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。whatthatwhatwhat在名词性从句中的使用在名词性从句中的使用Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.whatThe companies are working together

40、to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.A.which B.that C.what D.whoSome children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.A.what B.that C.which D.one is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took pla

41、ce in Beijing.A.It B.What C.As D.WhichA modern city has been set up inwas a wasteland ten years ago.A.whatB.which C.that D.where名词性从句中名词性从句中whatwhat用法总结用法总结:(1)(1)同时在做主句和从句中充当主宾表语同时在做主句和从句中充当主宾表语,这样用的这样用的whatwhat相当于相当于“先行词先行词+关系代词关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词，所以其前不能有先行词(2)(2)有时有时whatwhat可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：可用作限定词，其后

42、修饰一个名词：IgavehimwhatbooksIhad.我把我所有的书都给他了。Hegavemewhatmoneyhehadwithhim.他把带的钱全给了我。(3)(3)和和whichwhich的区别的区别 Here are five books.You can read whichever you like.(4)(4)和和howhow的区别的区别You have no idea what silly mistakes you have made.You have no idea how silly you have been in making such a mistake.【高考真题

43、高考真题】1 1）_ you don_ you dont like him is none of my business.t like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The mat

44、ter A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter3)There3)Theres a feeling in me _ wes a feeling in me _ well never know what a ll never know what a UFO is-not ever.UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C.of which D.what A.that B.which C.of which D.what CAAThat they will come _certain.That they will come _certain.

45、What he wants _ some water.What he wants _ some water.What he wants _these books.What he wants _these books.【结论结论】u主语从句通常被看作一个主语从句通常被看作一个整体整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式主句的谓语动词用单数形式.uWhat What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单由表语的单复数决定复数决定.【主语从句的主谓一致主语从句的主谓一致】isareis1、Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents_always

46、wherethey_today.A.arent;areB.arent;wereC.werent;areD.werent;were2、Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgoneCD【名词性从句中的时态问题名词性从句中的时态问题】【结论结论】u当主句的动词为当主句的动词为现在和将来时态现在和将来时态时，名词性从句中的动作时，名词性从句中的动作根据根据所发生的时间来定所发生的时间来定，可以有各种时态；，可以有各种时态；u当主句的

47、动词为当主句的动词为过去时态过去时态时，从句中的动作一般都要使用时，从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时，相应的过去时，除非表示客观真理。除非表示客观真理。【名词性从句中的语序问题名词性从句中的语序问题】1、Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 2、The photographs will show you _ A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how

48、 does our village look like D.how our village looks like3、When changing lanes,a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering DBB【结论结论】u名词性从句中都用名词性从句中都用陈述语序陈述语序，不用不用倒装语序倒

49、装语序。【名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气】u表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词形式为（should）+动词原形，其中should可省略。例如：u（一坚持）（一坚持）u（二命令）（二命令）u（四建议）（四建议）u（四要求）（四要求）u以及他们的同根名词。Insistcommand,orderadvise,recommend,suggest,proposedemand,desire,request,require用四种名词性从句翻译用四种名词性从句翻译:他建议立刻开会他建议立刻开会.宾语从句宾语从句He suggested

50、that a meeting(should)be held immediately.主语从句主语从句 It was suggested that a meeting(should)be held immediately.表语从句表语从句His suggestion was that a meeting(should)be held immediately.同位语从句同位语从句 He made a suggestion that a meeting(should)be held immediately.【特别提醒特别提醒主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气】基本句型：基本句型：uIt is