中学考试英语动词分类与训练.pdf

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1、动词专项复习动词专项复习一、动词的分类一、动词的分类 1.1.实义动词实义动词实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词.根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把实义动词分为与物动词和不与物动词两种类型.按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词.1与物动词与物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整.动词+宾语My brother is flying the kite on the playground.动词+宾语+宾补The teacher made his students happy by doing some games.We call the bird Polly.注意：省略省略 toto 的

2、的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear 等.动词+双宾语My mother gives me a new bike.注意：有些双宾语动词间接宾语人放在直接宾语事物后时,间接宾语前要加 to.常用的此类词有 bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend 等.Hand me that book,please.=Hand that book to me,please.有些双宾语动词间接宾语人放在直接宾语事物后时,间接宾语前要加 for.常用的此

3、类词有 buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order 等.My mom bought me a nice backpack.=My mom bought a nice backpack for me.2不与物动词不与物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有些不与物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个与物动词.We arrived at the station at five.He turned off the light when he left.He takes pride in doing a job well.注意：有些动词

4、既可作与物动词也可作不与物动词.常用的此类动词有 open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等.The girl turned her head and smiled.这个女孩子转过头笑一笑.She turned and walkedback to the classroom.她转过身走回教室.3延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如：live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等,可以和时间段连用.We have lived in China since 2001.You can keep this book fo

5、r two weeks.4非延续性动词非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,如：buy,lend,borrow,die,marry,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,leave,e,go,catch等,不能和时间段连用.如果和时间段连用,就要用其他词代替.He has been here for five days.The film has been on for ten minutes.常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：1、gobe away 2、ebe here3、e backbe back 4、leavebe awaybe not here5、buyhave 6、borr

6、owkeep7、diebedead 8、beginbe on9、finishbeover 10、openbe open11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on15、get upbeup 16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in或 beamember18、beebe2.2.连系动词连系动词连系动词也称为系动词,连系动词有一定词义,但不完整,不能单独做谓语,必须和表语连用,构成系表结构,表示主语身份、性质、状态.You are a teacher,but nota good

7、one.We feel very happy when we know it.英语经常用到的连系动词有：状态连系动词：表示主语的状态、性质、身份.beMyfather is very strong.持续连系动词：表示继续或保持一种状态或情况.stay,remain,keep 等You must keep healthy.表象连系动词：用来表示看起来的这一概念的词.appear看起来,seem看似,look看起来.Your mother looks much youngerthan I thought.感官连系动词：feel 摸起来,taste 尝起来,smell 闻起来,sound听起来loo

8、k看起来.The milk tastes a little sour.转变或结果连系动词：bee变为,get成为,grow长得,turn变得,go变得等.Our village isbeing more and more beautiful.助动词本身没有词意,或者意义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语,帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等与否认、疑问、强调等.主要的助动词有：be,do,have,shall,will等.例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week?Is your mother cooking？Dont be late

9、for class next time.4.4.情态动词情态动词情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词连用作谓语,表示说话人的语气和情感.主要的情态动词有：can,may,must,need,would,could,might,dare等.使用情态动词要注意以下方面：含must 的一般疑问句,肯定回答仍用 must,否认回答如此用 neednt 或 dont have to,表示不必.一般不能用mustnt,因为mustnt表示不可以、禁止,语气很强.MustI finish my homework now?No,you neednt.may开头的一般疑问句,肯

10、定回答用may,否认回答用mustnt.May I smoke here?No,you mustnt.表示可能性或推测时,can 多用于否认句或疑问句,cant表示不可能；may 多用于述句,may not 表示可能不；must 只用于肯定句,表示一定、准是.You may be right or may not be right.The news cant be true.She must be angry.need 用作情态动词主要用于否认句、疑问句和条件句,表示需要,也可以作实义动词,后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing 形式等.need 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用 must.You

11、neednt e if you are busy.Need I e tomorrow?我明天需要来吗？No,you neednt./Yes,you must.不,没必要./是的,你必须来.He needs to get some sleep.他需要睡一会.have to 的意思接近 must,但是 must 强调说话者的主观意愿.have to 强调客观上的必要性,常译成不得不.have to 可以用于多种时态,其疑问句、否认句都要借助 do 构成.Do you have to leave now?你现在必须走了吗？You dont have to get up early.你没有必要早起.b

12、e able to 表示具体的能力,与 can 用法相近,can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时,be able to 可用更多的时态.was/were able to侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事,而 could 只表示过去具备某种能力.The math problem was hard but I was able towork it out.这道数学题很难,但我做出来了.巩固练习巩固练习1.It is necessary for schools to_ the need of all the students development.A.cutB.hideC.refuseD.satisfy2

13、.I dont know where to go this summer vacation.Why not_ visiting Jingzhou?There are many places of interest.A.regardB.considerC.wonderD.suggest3.These oranges look nice,but_ very sour.A.feelB.tasteC.soundD.look4.Dad,Ill be in the final singing petition tomorrow.Be careful not to get a sore throat and

14、_ your voice.A.loseB.raiseC.riseD.break5.In some countries,people_ downloadmusic from the Internet withoutpaying,because its against the law.A.wouldntB.needntC.mustntD.couldnt6.Weve ordered too much food.I _eat any more.Never mind.Let take it home.A.cantB.mustntC.neednt D.shouldnt7.I have travelled

15、a lot.I_ speak four languages.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need8._I hand in the report today?No,you neednt.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Could9.Mum,Ive signed for the box.Whats in it?Im not sure.It_ be a present from your uncle.A.needB.mustC.mayD.will10.We should keep quiet in the cinema.We_ speak loudly.A.canB.mustC.ne

16、edntD.mustnt11.Have you decided where to spend your holiday?Not yet.We _ go to Beijing.A.mayB.mustC.shouldD.need12.Have you got the results of the exam?No.All we_ do now is to wait.A.mustB.canC.mayD.could13.When you are travelling,bring a map because it_ help you.A.cantB.mustntC.used toD.may14.To ke

17、ep children safe,we_ put the things like knivesand medicine awayin our house.A.mayB.shouldC.canD.might15.Robert,could you wash the car for me?Yes,I_.Im ing,Dad.A.couldB.couldntC.canD.cant16.Here is the book.First _ it and then tell me what you think of it.A.look intoB.look throughC.look upD.look aft

18、er17.What kind of persons do you prefer to make friends with?I choose my friends on their characters and how we _.A.get inB.get upC.get onD.get off18.Many teenagersthe old and they often offer their seats to the old on buses.A.agree withB.worry aboutC.laugh atD.care for19Show me your homework,Dave?S

19、orry,Mrs.Brown.Ive it at home.A.missedB.forgottenC.lostD.left20.How does Jack usually go to work?He _ drive a car,but now he _ there to lose weight.A.used to;is used to walk B.was used to;is used to walkingC.was used to;is used to walk D.used to;is used to walking21.Can I _ your bike?With pleasure.B

20、ut you mustnt _ it to others.A.lend;borrow B.borrow;lendC.lend;lend D.borrow;borrow22.Sometimes the ads _ but dont tell you anything about the quality of theproduct.A.look well B.sound good C.taste good D.seem bad23.-Look!ThereisahorseracingprogramonTVshow.-Hmm.It_exciting.A.seems B.looks like C.sou

21、nds D.seems like24.The meat on the plateso delicious.Lets try it together.A.smells B.sounds C.sees D.feels25.Whats wrong with the orange?-It_ terrible.A.is tasting B.is tasted C.tastes D.taste26.I think our chemistry teacher is working hard.He teaches us_.-Yes,but he hasnt e today.He doesnt feel_.A.good,well B.good,good C.well,good D.well,well.