海洋专业术语修改校对版.pdf

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1、.-北冰洋Arctic Ocean大西洋AtlanticOcean南大洋SouthernOcean太平洋PacificOcean洋ocean印度洋IndianOcean渤海BohaiSea東海EastChinaSea海sea海洋marine海域seaareas黃海YellowSea南海SouthChinaSea边缘海marginalsea潮间帶intertidalzone潮上帶supratidalzone潮下帶subtidalzone大陆边缘continentalmargin大陆架continentalshelf海滨seashore海峡channel陆地岸线continentalcoastli

2、ne陆海inlandsea河口estuarine水准面geoid高程起算面base sea level海表面seasurfacelayer海平面sealevel微表面seatinysurfacelayer平均海平面meansealevel深度基准面 datum for sounding reduction海图基准面 chartdatum岸礁shorereef堡礁barrierreef岛弧islandarc岛屿islandsand islets环礁atoll珊瑚礁coralreef3 海洋科学工程海洋学marine engineering海洋地理学marine geography海洋地质学mar

3、ine geology海洋地球物理学 marine geophysics海洋化学marine chemistry海洋技术marine technology海洋经济学 marine economics海洋生态学marine ecology海洋科学marine sciences；ocean sciences海洋生物学marine biology海洋物理学marine physics海洋学 oceanography；oceanology军事海洋学 military oceanography卫星海洋学 satellite oceanography 物理海洋学 physical oceanography

4、区域海洋学 regional oceanography海洋动力学marine dynamics动力海洋学 dynamical oceanography 海洋气象学 marine meteorology海洋光学marine optics海洋声学marine acoustics水声学acoustics古海洋学paleoceanography海洋沉积学 marine sedimentology海洋地层学 oceanic stratigraphy海水分析化学analytical chemistry of sea water.可修编-.-海洋地球化学 marine geochemistry海洋生物化学m

5、arine biochemistry海洋物理化学 marine physical chemistry河口化学estuarine chemistry初级生产力 primary productivity海洋生态系（统）marine ecosystems渔业海洋学 fisheries oceanography海洋生物学 marine organism海岸带资源 coastal zone resources海底资源 submarine resources海底矿产【资源】submarine mineral resources海水化学资源marine chemistry resources海水【水】资源s

6、ea water resource海洋可再生资源 ocean reproducible resources海洋空间【资源】ocean space resource海洋能marine energy resources海洋生物资源 marine biological resources海洋药物 marine pharmaceuticals 海洋资源 marine resources海洋产业 ocean industry海洋经济 marine economy海洋开发 marine exploitation海洋旅游 sea tourism海洋农牧化 sea farming and ranching 海

7、洋倾倒区 dumping zone at sea海洋渔业 marine fishery海洋资源保护 marine resources protection多金属结核 polymetallic nodule,multimetal nodule多金属结壳 polymetallic encrustation多金属泥 metalliferous mud海底地壳热流 sea-bottom hot flow海底砂矿 submarine placer海底热液矿床 submarine hydrothermal deposits海底油田 submarine oil field反渗透 reverse osmosi

8、s，RO电渗祈脱盐electrodialysis desalination，ED海水sea water海水淡化 sea water desalination海水直接利用 direct use of seawater苦咸水bitter and salty water膜水处理元件membranewater treatment element水处理膜water treatmentmembrane水处理设备the equipment for water treatment蒸馏淡化法distillation process for desalination海上人工岛 marine artificial

9、island海上养殖工程 mariculture engineering海上油气开发工程 exploitative engineering of offshore petroleumexploitative engineering of gas reservoir海洋工程 ocean engineering海洋工程地质marine engineering geology海洋工程环境 marine engineering environment大陆架公约 convention on the continental shelf.可修编-.-地理不利国 geographically disadvan

10、taged state防倾倒公约 prevent dumping convention伦敦倾废公约 London dumping convention公海high seas公海公约convention on the high seas 海洋政策marine polity国际海洋法international law of the sea海图sea chart海洋功能区划division of marine functional zonation海洋法 law of the sea海洋权 right of the sea海域划界delimitation of boundaries on the s

11、ea海洋法公约 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea领海 territorial sea领水 territorial water领海基点 territorial sea base point领海基线 baseline of territorial sea领海宽度breadth of the territorial sea领海的司法管辖权 judicial jurisdiction over territorial sea领海通过批准制度 ratify regime on territorial sea through领海外部界限 outer limit of

12、the territorial sea 水internal waters领海主权 sovereignty of the territorial sea毗连区 contiguous zone群岛海道通过archipelagic sea lanes passage群岛基线archipelagic baseline群岛水域 archipelagic water群岛制度 institution of archipelago群岛原则regime of archipelago定常基线normal baseline直线基缝 straight baseline专属经济区 exclusive economic

13、zone 专属渔区 exclusive fishing zone管理 management海岸带管理 coastal zone management海藉sea area use register海藉管理management of sea area use register海上倾倒 dumping at sea岛屿管理 management of sea islands海洋管理marine management海洋行业管理management by marine trades海洋环境管理marine environmental management海洋权益管理marine right and i

14、nterests management海洋资源管理marine resources management海域使用法律制度legal regime for the sea area use海域使用管理management of the sea area use海域使用论证feasibility assessment of the sea area use海洋环境marine environment海洋环境保护marine environmental protection.可修编-.-海洋环境评价marine environmental assessment海洋环境污染损害marine envir

15、onmental pollution damage海洋环境影响评价marine environmental impact assessment海洋环境质量marineenvironmentalquality海洋环境质量评价marineenvironmentalqualityassessment海洋环境自然保护区marineenvironmentalnaturereserve;marineprotectedarea海洋污染控制 marine pollution control海洋污染物 marine pollutant海洋污染物背景值 marine pollutant background潮流预

16、报 tidal current forecast海冰预报 sea ice forecast风暴潮预警报 storm surge forecasting and warning海浪预报ocean wave forecast海啸警报 tsunami forecast海洋环境警报marine environmental alarm海洋环境预报marine environmental forecasting；marine environmental prediction海洋数值预报numerical forecast of marine海洋灾害评估disaster assessment of mari

17、ne海洋地质勘探 geologic prospecting大面观测 sea area observation海洋调查oceanographic survey;oceanographic investigation海洋环境监测marine environment monitoring海洋环境监视 marine monitoring定点观测 fixed point observation标准断面调查standardselection investigation定时观测timed observation断面观测 sectional observation辅助观测opportuneobservatio

18、n海洋常规监测continuousobservation海洋连续观测continuous observation海洋遥感观测marineremote sensingobservation海洋走航观测oceancruisingobservation海洋反演数据oceanographic inversion data海洋历史数据（信息、资料）oceanographic history data(information、material)海洋实测数据oceanographyobserved data海洋实时数据oceanographytimelydata标准体系standards system海洋标

19、准marine standard海洋标准化oceanographystandardization;marine standardization.可修编-.-技术法规 technical regulation海洋计量oceanographic metrology国家法定计量单位national legal unit of measurement 海洋计量器具的海洋计量器具的 检定检定verificationof a oceanographic measuring instrument海洋特殊量marine quantity海洋要素marine elements海洋特殊量值marine value

20、of a marine quantity参比性能特性reference performance characteristic附加误差additive error海洋测量仪器oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器的计量性能metrologicalcharacteristicofaoceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器的准确度 accuracy ofaoceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器响应时间 response time of a oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器响应特性response charac

21、teristic of a oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器影响量influence quantities of a oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器准确度等级accuracy class of a oceanographic instrument海洋仪器设备oceanographic instruments and equipments海洋仪器设备安全性safety of a oceanographic instrument海洋仪器设备参考条件reference conditions of a oceanographic instrum

22、ent；reference conditions of a marine instrument海洋仪器设备额定操作条件rated operating conditions of a oceanographic instrument；rated operating conditions of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备极限条件limiting conditions of a oceanographic instrument；limiting conditions of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备互换性interchangeability of

23、a oceanographic instrument；interchangeability of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备环境适应性environment applicability of a oceanographic instrument；environment applicability of a marine instrument；.可修编-.-海洋仪器设备可靠度reliability of a oceanographic instrument；reliability of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备可靠性reliability o

24、f a oceanographic instrument；reliability performanceof a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备可信性 creditability of a oceanographic instrument；creditability of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备配套性 suitability of a oceanographic instrument suitability of a marine equipment海洋仪器设备通用要求 general specificationsof a marine equi

25、pmentgeneral specifications of a oceanographic instrument 海洋仪器设备相容性 patibility of a marine equipmentpatibility of a oceanographic instrument 海洋仪器设备性能特性performance characteristic of a oceanographic instrument performance characteristic of a marine equipment基本误差intrinsic error有证参考物质 certified referenc

26、e material,CRM（缩写）海水 sea water海面水温 sea surface temperature(SST)现场温度 insitu temperature等温线 isotherm温度深度图 bathythermogram暖水舌 warm water tongue冷水舌 cold water tongue暖水圈 warm water sphere冷水圈 cold water sphere盐度 salinity1978 实用盐标 Practical Salinity Scale 1978(PSS 78)绝对盐度 absolute salinity实用盐度 practical sa

27、linity等盐线 isohaline盐舌 salinity tongue盐指 salt finger盐【水】楔 salt water wedge温盐图解 T-S diagram温盐指标 T.S.index热盐结构 thermohaline structure海水密度 sea water density现场密度 insitu density密度超量 density excess海水比容 specific volume of sea water现场比容现场比容insitu specific volume比容偏差 specific volume anomaly热比容偏差热比容偏差thermoste

28、ric anomaly铅直稳定度 vertical stability对流混合 convective mixing涡动混合 turbulent mixing潮混合 tidal mixing【混合】增密 cabbeling,caballing温跃层 thermocline.可修编-.-主【温】跃层 main thermocline季节性【温】跃层 seasonal thermocline盐跃层 halocline密度跃层 pyocline波 internal wave拟置层 inversion layer均匀层 homogeneous layer混合层 mixed layer，mixing la

29、yer大洋对流层 oceanic troposphere层化海洋 stratified ocean冷涡 cold eddy暖涡 warm eddy水型 water type水团 water mass水系 water system表层水 surface water次表层水 subsurface water中层水 intermediate water深层水 deep water底层水 bottom water沿岸水 coastal water中央水 central water南极绕极水团Antarctica Circumpolar Water Mass北极水Arctic water;North P

30、olar Water副热带模态水subtropical mode water黄海冷水团Huanghai（Yellow Wea）Cold Water Mass长江冲淡水Changjiang Diluted Water;Changjiang River Plume赤道辐合带 Equatorial Convergence Zone海洋锋 oceanic front细结构 finestructure微结构 microstructure海面斑带 slick海洋湍流 oceanic turbulence双扩散 double diffusion海水状态方程 sea water state equation海

31、色 sea colour水色 water colour海水透明度 sea water transparency海流 ocean current总环流 general circulation大洋环流 ocean circulation热盐环流 thermohaline circulation热盐对流 thermohaline convection深渊环流 abyssal circulation赤道流 equatorial current漂流 drift current西风漂流 west wind drift南极绕极流 Antarctic Circumpolar Current西边界流 weste

32、rn boundary current风海流 wind-driven current地转流 geostrophic current密度流 density current坡度流 slope current信风海流 trade wind current季风海流 monsoon current补偿流 pensation current 逆流counter current 赤道逆流 Equatorial Counter current赤道潜流 Equatorial Under current太平洋赤道潜流 Pacific Equatorial Under current.可修编-.-大西洋赤道潜流At

33、lantic Equatorial Under current印度洋赤道潜流Indian Equatorial Under current上升流：upwelling下降流：downwelling沿岸流：coastal current渤海沿岸流：Bohai Coastal Current黄海沿岸流：Huanghai（Yellow Sea）Coastal Current东海沿岸流Donghai（East China Sea）Coastal Current南海沿岸流：Nanhai（South China Sea）Coastal Current顺岸流 longshore current表层流 surf

34、ace current次表层流 subsurface current深层流 deep current底层流 bottom current暖流：warm current黄海暖流：Huanghai（Yellow Sea）Warm current暖流：Taiwan Warm current 黑潮：Kuroshio南海暖流：Nanhai（South China Sea）Warm current对马海流：Tsushima Current湾流：Gulf Stream寒流：cold current亲潮：oyashio余流:residual current流涡：gyre流环 ring体积运输 volume t

35、ransport动力方法：dynamic method无运动面：level of no motion位势高度：potential height风因子 wind factor埃克曼漂流Ekman drift current埃克曼深度 Ekman depth埃克曼层 Ekman layer埃克曼螺旋 Ekman spiral埃克曼输运Ekmantransport埃克曼抽吸Ekmanpumping底摩擦层bottom friction layer斜压海洋baroclinic ocean正压海洋barotropic ocean中尺度涡mesoscale eddy卷吸entrainment波流wave-

36、induced current（wave current）裂流rip current海浪ocean wave风区fetch风时wind duration最小风区minimum fetch最小风时minimum duration等效风区equivalentfetch等效风时equivalent duration波高waveheight有效波significant wave波周期waveperiod波陡wavesteepness波龄waveage波候waveclimate毛细波capillarywave重力波gravitationalwave孤立波solitarywave边沿波edgewave.可

37、修编-.-陆架波shelfwave潜水波shallowwaterwave深水波deepwaterwave浅水系数shoalingfactor短峰波shortcrestedwave长峰波long-crestedwave规则波regularwave不规则波irregularwave波浪爬高swashheight船行波 ship wave余摆线波 trochoidal wave椭圆余弦波 oidal wave椭圆余摆线波 elliptic trochoidal wave斯托克斯波 stokes wave俘获波 trapped wave碎波 breaker,surf崩碎波（崩顶碎波）spilling

38、breaker激碎波（激散碎波）surging breaker卷碎波（卷跃碎波）plunging breaker碎波带 surf zone风浪 wind wave白冠 whitecap波群 wave group充分成长的风浪 fully developed sea波级 wave scale波峰线 wave crest line海浪谱 ocean wave spectrum方向波谱 directional wave spectrum海浪反射 ocean wave reflection海浪折射 ocean wave refraction海浪绕射 ocean wave diffraction涌浪 s

39、well先行涌 forerunner潮汐 tide潮位 tide level高潮 high water(HW)低潮 low water(LW)潮差 tidal range涨潮 flood落潮 ebb大潮 spring tides小潮 neap tides双高潮 double flood双低潮 double ebb平潮 still tide停朝 water stand潮升 tidal rise引潮力 tide-generating force引潮势 tidal potential天文潮：astronomical tide假想天体：fictitious body平衡潮：equilibrium ti

40、de分潮：tidal ponenttidal constituent半日潮：semi-diurnal tide全日潮：diurnal tide太阴潮：lunar tide太阳潮：solar tide回归潮：tropic tide分点潮：equinoctial tide潮龄：tide age分潮日：constituent day分潮时：constituent hour太阴潮间隙：lunar tide interval倍潮：overtide复合潮：pound tide辐射潮：radiational tide混合潮：mixed tide日不等【现象】：diurnalinequality潮流 tida

41、l current旋转流 rotary current往复流 alternating current转流 turn of tidal current.可修编-.-潮余流 tide-induced residual current潮流椭圆 current ellipse潮波 tidal wave旋转潮波系统 amphidromic system,amphidrome无潮点 amphidromic point潮 internal tide假潮 seiche涌潮 tidal bore钱塘江涌潮 qiantang reiver tidal bore同潮图 cotidal chart潮能 tidal e

42、nergy气象潮 meteorological tide风暴潮 storm surge海啸 tsunami异常水位 anomalous sea level平均海面 mean sea level海面sea level海图基准面datum of chart潮汐基准面tidal datum半潮面half-tide level潮汐调和分析harmonic analysis of tide潮汐调和常数harmonic constants of tide潮汐非调和常数nonharmonic constant of tide潮汐表 tide tables最高天文潮位highest astronomical

43、tide(HAT)最低天文潮位lowest astronomical tide(LAT)海冰sea ice陆源冰 ice of land origin固定冰 fast ice流冰 pack ice浮冰floating ice浮冰群floating ice massif岸冰shore ice冰脚ice foot底座冰ground ice锚冰anchor ice初生冰new ice冰壳ice rind莲叶冰pancake ice尼罗冰nilas ice初期冰young ice一年冰first-year ice老年冰old ice冰期ice cover海冰密集度 ice concentration冰

44、缘线ice edge裸冰bare ice雪盖冰 snow covered ice平整冰level ice变形冰 deformed ice重叠冰 rafted ice堆积冰 hummocked ice冰丘 hummock冰脊 ridge冰原 ice field碎冰 brash ice冰间水道 lead，lane冰间湖 polynya冰架 ice shelf冰山 iceberg冰岛 ice island水下冰脚 ram海洋（性）气候 maritime climate，marine climate海气相互作用 air-sea interaction南方涛动 southern oscillation，

45、SO厄尔尼诺海气边界过程 air-sea boundary process海气热交换 ocean-atmosphere heat exchange海洋气团 maritime air mass海面反照率 sea surface albedo海陆风 land and sea breezes海雾 sea fog海龙卷 waterspout蜃景 mirage海洋生物学 marine bio-acoustics.可修编-.-海洋声速 sound velocity in the sea 浅海传播 shallow water propagation深海传播 deep sea propagation传播损失

46、transmission loss传播异常 propagation anomaly汇聚区 convergence zone海水声吸收 sound absorption in sea water声道 sound channel表层声道surface sound channel深海声道deep sea sound channel混合层声道 mixed layer sound channel海底声反射 bottom reflection掠射角 grazing angle海面混响 surface reverberation海底混响bottom reverberation体积混响 volume reve

47、rberation海底散射bottom scattering体积散射volume scattering深海散射层deep scattering layerDSL海洋噪声 sea noise海洋环境噪声 ambient sea noise 海洋生物噪声 marine biological noise流体动力噪声 hydrodynamic noise风生噪声 wind-generated noise回声测距echo ranging水声换能器 underwater acoustic transducer声呐sonar(sound navigation and ranging)声遥感 acoustic

48、 remote sensing水中对比度contrast in water海面向上辐射radiation from the sea surface海洋光学遥感oceanic optical remote sensing水中对比度传输contrast transmission in water水下“窗口”underwater window衰减长度attenuation length海色指数sea color index水中能见度visibility in water海洋辐射传递radiative transfer in ocean海水电导率conductivity of sea water海水磁导率permeability of.sea water海水离子迁移率ion mobility of sea water海洋电磁场marine electromagnetic field潮感电磁场tide-induced electromagnetic field浪感电磁场wave-induced electromagnetic field.可修编-