最新初中英语名词复数、语法大全.pdf

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1、初中英语名词复数、语法大全初中英语名词复数、语法大全记熟并完成后面的练习：记熟并完成后面的练习：初中英语名词复数初中英语名词复数可数名词有单数可数名词有单数Singular FormSingular Form和复数和复数(Plural(PluralForm)Form)两种形式。两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一个表示一个以上的人或物用复数形式。以上的人或物用复数形式。1 1一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-s-s。s s 在浊辅音后面读在浊辅音后面读zz，在清辅，在清辅音后面读音后面读ss，在，在tt后与后与tt一起读一起读tsts，在，在dd后与后与dd一起一起读读

2、dzdz。例如：。例如：bookbook books books 书书dayday daysdays 天、日天、日dogdog dogs dogs 狗狗treetree treestrees树树2 2以以 s s，shsh，chch，x x 结尾的词在词尾加结尾的词在词尾加-es-es，读，读iziz例如：例如：glassglass glasses glasses玻璃杯玻璃杯watchwatch watches watches手表手表boxbox boxes boxes盒子盒子brushbrush brushes brushes刷刷3 3 以以 o o 结尾的词有些加结尾的词有些加-es-es

3、，读读zz；有些加有些加-s-s，读读ss。例如：例如：tomatotomato tomatoes tomatoes 西红柿西红柿potatopotato potatoespotatoes土豆土豆photophoto photos photos相片相片radioradio radiosradios 收音机收音机zoozoo zoos zoos 动物园动物园4 4以以 f f 或或 fefe 结尾的词，先把结尾的词，先把 f f 改为改为 v v，再加，再加 eses，读读vzvz。例如：。例如：knifeknife knives knives 小刀小刀leafleaf leavesleaves

4、树叶树叶lifelife lives lives生命生命thiefthief thievesthieves 小偷小偷5 5 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y y 结尾的，结尾的，先把先把 y y 改为改为 i i，再加再加-es-es，读读zz。例如：。例如：storystory stories stories故事故事citycity citiescities城市城市familyfamily families families家庭家庭babybaby babiesbabies 婴儿婴儿注意：注意：boyboy boys boys 男孩男孩toytoy toys toys玩具玩具keykey key

5、s keys 钥匙钥匙6 6有些名词有不规那么的复数形式。例如：有些名词有不规那么的复数形式。例如：manman men men男人男人womanwoman womenwomen妇女妇女toothtooth teeth teeth牙齿牙齿footfoot feet feet脚脚7 7有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deerdeer deer deer鹿鹿sheepsheep sheep sheep 绵羊绵羊ChineseChinese Chinese Chinese中国人中国人JapaneseJapanese Japanese Japanese 日本人日本人8

6、8有些学科名词虽以有些学科名词虽以 s s 结尾，结尾，但通常都做单数名词但通常都做单数名词看待。例如：看待。例如：physicsphysics 物理物理mathsmaths 数学数学politicspolitics政治政治newsnews 新闻新闻manmanfootballfootballchildchildclassroomclassroom monk monkeyey Frenchman Frenchman二、二、选择填空：选择填空：1.There are some _ on the hill.1.There are some _ on the hill.A.sheeps B.a sh

7、eep C.sheep D.A.sheeps B.a sheep C.sheep D.sheepessheepes2.Mr Black often gives us _ by Email.2.Mr Black often gives us _ by Email.A.some good information B.some goodA.some good information B.some goodinformationsinformationsC.good informations D.a good informationC.good informations D.a good inform

8、ation3.There are some new books in the school library.3.There are some new books in the school library.They are _ books.They are _ books.A.child B.childrens C.childrenA.child B.childrens C.childrenD.childrensD.childrens4.I have worn out my shoes,so I want to buy a new4.I have worn out my shoes,so I

9、want to buy a new_._.A.pair B.one C.ones D.A.pair B.one C.ones D.trouserstrousers5.Meimeis handwriting is better than any other5.Meimeis handwriting is better than any other_ in his class._ in his class.A.students B.students C.studentsA.students B.students C.studentsD.studentsD.students6.The hospita

10、l is a bit far from here.Its about6.The hospital is a bit far from here.Its about_._.A.forty minutess walk B.forty minutesA.forty minutess walk B.forty minuteswalkwalkC.forty minutes walk D.forty minutesC.forty minutes walk D.forty minuteswalkwalk7.How many _ are there in your class?7.How many _ are

11、 there in your class?A.Japanese B.American C.AustralianA.Japanese B.American C.AustralianD.CanadianD.Canadian8.I found my black cat in_ room.8.I found my black cat in_ room.A.A.JimJim andand Mike B.Mike B.JimJim andand Mikes C.Mikes C.JimsJims andandMikes D.Jims and MikeMikes D.Jims and Mike9.How mu

12、ch are the _?9.How much are the _?A.bread B.meats.C.potatos D.A.bread B.meats.C.potatos D.tomatoestomatoes10.There are many _ in our school.10.There are many _ in our school.A.woman teachers B.womans teachers C.womenA.woman teachers B.womans teachers C.womenteachers D.womens teachersteachers D.women

13、s teachers11.Three months _ a long time for me.11.Three months _ a long time for me.A.is B.are C.have D.hasA.is B.are C.have D.has12.There are _ and _ on the table.12.There are _ and _ on the table.A.two boxes cake;four bottle of orangesA.two boxes cake;four bottle of orangesB.two boxes cake;four bo

14、ttle of orangeB.two boxes cake;four bottle of orangeC.two boxes of cakes;four bottles of orangeC.two boxes of cakes;four bottles of orangeD.two box of cakes;four bottles of orangesD.two box of cakes;four bottles of oranges三、三、选择填空：选择填空：1.They1.Theyare_are_A:manA:mandoctordoctorB:menB:mendoctorsdocto

15、rsC:menC:mendoctordoctorD:manD:mandoctdoctorsors2There2Therearearefive_five_ininthethehill.hill.A:sheepA:sheepB:sheepsB:sheepsC:C:goosegooseD:D:deersdeers33ThoseThosewhitewhitesocks_small.socks_small.A:areA:areB:isB:isC:C:amamD:doD:do4We4Wehavehavemany_inmany_inourourschool.school.A:womanA:womanteac

16、herteacherB:womenB:womenteachersteachersC:C:womanwomanteachersteachersD:womenD:womenteacherteacher5Do5Doyouyoulikelike_?_?A:vegetableA:vegetableB:B:vegetablesvegetablesC:anC:anvegetablevegetable6How6Howmany_domany_dotheytheyhave?have?A:pictureA:pictureB:B:picturespicturesC:aC:apicturepicture7There7T

17、herearearesixsix_in_inthetheroom.room.A:volleyballA:volleyballB:volleyballsB:volleyballsC:aC:avolleyballvolleyballD:volleD:volleyballsyballs8Are8Arethesethese_teachers?_teachers?A:womanA:womanB:womenB:womenC:womansC:womans9It9Itisis_._.A:milkA:milkB:aB:amilkmilkC:anC:anmolkmolkD:milksD:milks10Its10I

18、tsa a_.It_.Itisntisntanan_._.A:apple,A:apple,eggeggB;cake,eggB;cake,eggC:egg,orange,C:egg,orange,D:eggD:egg,cake,cake11Tom11TomandandJimJimareare_._.A:friendsA:friendsB:friendB:friendC:brotherC:brotherD:sisterD:sister12Where12Wherearearehishis_?_the_?_thedresser.dresser.A:keysA:keys,They,Theyareareo

19、nonB:key,B:key,TheyTheyareareononC:keys,C:keys,ItItisisatatD:key,ItD:key,Itisisinin13Are13Arethosethoseyouryour_?_?A:bookesA:bookesB:boxsB:boxsC:applesC:applesD:appleD:apple14There14Thereisis_in_inourourroom.room.A:aA:apicturepictureandandfivefivemapsmapsB:fiveB:fivemapsmapsandanda apictpictureureC:

20、twoC:twopicturespicturesandandfivefivemapsmapsD:D:twotwopicturepictureandandfivefivem mapap初中英语语法大全初中英语语法大全一、名词的数一、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不而不可数名词它没有复数形式，可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：分，复数的构成如下：一在后面加一在后面加 s s。如：。如：fathers,books,Americans,fathers,books,America

21、ns,Germans,apples,bananasGermans,apples,bananas二二x,sh,ch,s,tchx,sh,ch,s,tch后加后加 eses。如：如：boxes,glasses,boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxesdresses,watches,wishes,faxes三三1 1以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y y 结尾的变结尾的变 y y 为为 i i 再加再加 eses 如：如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,baby-babies,family-families,dut

22、y-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-storiesstory-stories2 2以元音字母加以元音字母加 y y 结尾的直接加结尾的直接加 s s。如：如：day-days,day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,waysboy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四以四以o o 结尾加结尾加 s s外来词。如：外来词。如：radios,photos,radios,photos,但如

23、是辅音加但如是辅音加o o的加的加eses：如如:tomatoes:tomatoes西红柿西红柿,potatoes,potatoes马铃薯马铃薯五以五以 f f 或或 fefe 结尾的变结尾的变 f f 为为 v v 再加再加 es(s)es(s)。如：。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselvesleaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六单复数相同不变

24、的有：六单复数相同不变的有：fish,sheep,deerfish,sheep,deer鹿子鹿子,Chinese,Japanese,Chinese,Japanese七一般只有复数，没有单数的有：七一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socksshorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八八 单词形式不变，单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：policepolice 警察局，警察警察局，警察,class,c

25、lass 班，同学班，同学,family,family 家，家庭家，家庭成员成员九九 合成的复数一般只加主要名词，合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单多数为后一个单词。词。如：如：action movie-action movies,pen pal-pen pals;action movie-action movies,pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由但如果是由 manman 或或 womanwoman 所组成的合成词的复数那么所组成的合成词的复数那么同时为复数。如：同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors,womanman doctor-men doct

26、ors,womanteacher-women teachersteacher-women teachers十有的单复数意思不同。如：十有的单复数意思不同。如：fishfish 鱼鱼 fishesfishes 鱼的鱼的种类种类,paper,paper 纸纸 paperspapers 报纸，卷子，论文报纸，卷子，论文,work,work 工作工作worksworks 作品，工厂作品，工厂,glass,glass 玻璃玻璃 glassesglasses 玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃杯，眼镜,orangeorange 桔子水桔子水 orangesoranges 橙子橙子,light,light 光线光线 ligh

27、tslights 灯灯,peoplepeople 人人 peoplespeoples 民族民族,time,time 时间时间 timestimes 时代时代,次数次数,chickenchicken 鸡肉鸡肉 chickenschickens 小鸡小鸡十一十一 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加 s s或或ss。如：。如：Is(Is),Ks(Ks)Is(Is),Ks(Ks)。但如是缩略词那么只加。但如是缩略词那么只加 s s。如：如：IDs,VCDs,SARsIDs,VCDs,SARs十二十二 特殊形式的有：特殊形式的有：child-children,man-m

28、en,child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmenpoliceman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen二、名词的格二、名词的格1 1当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：使用所有格形式。构成如下：一单数在后面加一单数在后面加ss。如：。如：brothers,Mikes,brothe

29、rs,Mikes,teachersteachers二复数以二复数以 s s 结尾的直接在结尾的直接在 s s 后加后加，如果不是以，如果不是以 s s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers DayTeachers Day 教师节教师节,classmates;Childrens Dayclassmates;Childrens Day六一节六一节,Womens Day,Womens Day三三八节八节三由三由 andand 并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，一人或物时，只加最后一个只加最后一个ss，但分别拥有时却分别按单但

30、分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens roomMike and Bens room 迈克和本的房迈克和本的房间共住一间，间共住一间，MikeMikes and Bens roomss and Bens rooms迈克和本的迈克和本的房间各自的房间房间各自的房间2 2代词代词工程工程 人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 指示代词指示代词 反身代词反身代词人称人称 主格主格 宾格宾格 形容词形容词 名词性名词性第一人称第一人称 单数单数I Imememymymineminemyselfmyself复数复数weweususourouroursoursours

31、elvesourselves第二人称第二人称 单数单数youyouyouyouyouryouryoursyoursyourselfyourself复数复数youyouyouyouyouryouryoursyoursyourselvesyourselves第三人称第三人称 单数单数shesheherherherherhershersherselfherselfhehehimhimhishishishishimselfhimselfit itit ititsitsitsitsthisthisthatthatitselfitself复数复数theytheythemthemtheirtheirthei

32、rstheirsthesethesethosethosethemselvesthemselves3 3动词动词A A 第三人称单数第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加动词那样加 s s，如下：，如下：一一 一般在词后加一般在词后加s s。如：如：comes,spells,waits,talks,comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trainssees,dances,trains二在二在 x,sh,ch,s,tchx,sh,ch,s,tch 后加后加 eses。如：。如：watch

33、es,watches,washes,wishes,finisheswashes,wishes,finishes三三 1 1 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y y 结尾的变结尾的变 y y 为为 i i 再加再加 eses。如：如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-triesstudy-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries2 2 以元音字母加以元音字母加 y y 结尾的直接加结尾的直接加 s s。如：如：plays,says,plays,says,stays,enjoys,buysstays,enjoys,buys四以四以 o o 结尾加结尾加

34、 eses。如：。如：does,goesdoes,goes五特殊的有：五特殊的有：are-is,have-hasare-is,have-hasB B 现在分词现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：式，不能用原形，构成如下：一一般在后加一一般在后加 inging。如：。如：spell-spelling,spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,h

35、urry-hurrying,watch-watching,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doinggo-going,do-doing二以不发音二以不发音 e e 的结尾的去掉的结尾的去掉 e e 再加再加 inging。如：。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-havingpractice-practicing,writ

36、e-writing,have-having三三 以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母注意除开字母组合如母注意除开字母组合如 showshow showing,showing,draw-drawingdraw-drawing要双写最后的辅音字母再加要双写最后的辅音字母再加 inging。如：。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginningbegin-beginning四以四

37、以 ieie 结尾的变结尾的变 ieie 为为 y y 再加再加 inging。如：。如：tie-tyingtie-tying系系 die-dyingdie-dying 死死 lie-lyinglie-lying 位于位于4 4形容词的级形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行比照时，我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行比照时，那么要使那么要使用比拟或最高级形式。构成如下：用比拟或最高级形式。构成如下：一一一般在词后加一般在词后加 erer 或或 est(est(如果是以如果是以 e e 结尾那么直结尾那么直接加接加 r r 或或 st)st)。如：如：greater-greatest,shorte

38、rgreater-greatest,shorter shortest,shortest,tallertaller tallest,longertallest,longer longest,nicer-nicest,largerlongest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest-largest二二 以重读闭音节结尾且以重读闭音节结尾且 1 1 个元音字母个元音字母1 1 个辅音字个辅音字母母(字母组合除外，字母组合除外，如如 few-fewer fewest)few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加的辅音再加 er/ester/est。如：如：

39、big-bigger biggest,red-redderbig-bigger biggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotter hottestreddest,hot-hotter hottest三以辅音字母三以辅音字母y y 结尾的变结尾的变 y y 为为 i i 加加 er/ester/est。如：。如：happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest,happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(more frie

40、ndly mostfriendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mostfriendly),busy-busier busiest,easy-easier easiestfriendly),busy-busier busiest,easy-easier easiest四特殊情况：四特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远两好多坏，一少老远)good/well-better best many/much-more mostgood/well-better best many/much-more mostbad/illbad/ill worse worst wo

41、rse worstlittle-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthestfarther/further farthest/furthest5 5数词数词(基变序，有规那么；一、二、三，自己背；基变序，有规那么；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接五、八、九、十二；其它后接thth；y y 结尾，变为结尾，变为 i,ethi,eth 跟跟上去。上去。)first,sec

42、ond,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetiethtwenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth二、句式二、句式1.1.陈述句陈述句肯定陈述句肯定陈述句a)This is a book.(bea)

43、This is a book.(be 动词动词)b)He looks very young.(b)He looks very young.(连系动词连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词情态动词)e)Theres a computer on my desk.e)Theres a computer on my desk.(There be(T

44、here be 结构结构)否认陈述句否认陈述句 a)These arent their books.b)Theya)These arent their books.b)Theydont look nice.dont look nice.c)Kate doesnt go to No.4 Middle School.c)Kate doesnt go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate d)Katecant find her doll.cant find her doll.e)There isnt a cat here.(=Theres no cat here.)e)There

45、 isnt a cat here.(=Theres no cat here.)2.2.祈使句祈使句肯定祈使句肯定祈使句a)Please go and ask the man.a)Please go and ask the man.b)Letb)Lets learns learnEnglish!English!c)Come in,please.c)Come in,please.否认祈使句否认祈使句 a)Dont be late.b)Dont hurry.a)Dont be late.b)Dont hurry.3.3.疑问句疑问句1)1)一般疑问句一般疑问句a)Is Jim a student?a

46、)Is Jim a student?b)Can I help you?b)Can I help you?c)Does she like salad?c)Does she like salad?d)Do they watchd)Do they watchTV?e)Is she reading?TV?e)Is she reading?肯定答复肯定答复:a)Yes,he is.a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.e)

47、Yes,she is.否认答复否认答复:a)No,he isnt.a)No,he isnt.b)No,you cant.b)No,you cant.c)No,shec)No,shedoesnt.doesnt.d)No,they dont.d)No,they dont.e)No,she isnt.e)No,she isnt.2)2)选择疑问句选择疑问句 Is the table big or small?Is the table big or small?答答复复 Its big./Its small.Its big./Its small.3)3)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 问年龄问年龄 How ol

48、d is Lucy?She is twelve.How old is Lucy?She is twelve.问种类问种类 What kind of movies do you like?What kind of movies do you like?I Ilike action movies and comedies.like action movies and comedies.问身体状况问身体状况 How is your uncle?How is your uncle?HeHeis well/fine.is well/fine.问方式问方式 How do/can you spell it?

49、How do/can you spell it?L-double O-K.L-double O-K.How do we contact you?How do we contact you?MyMye-mail address is .e-mail address is .问原因问原因 Why do you want to join the club?Why do you want to join the club?问时间问时间 Whats the time?(=WhatWhats the time?(=What time is it?)Its atime is it?)Its aquarter

50、 to ten a.m.quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up,Rick?What time do you usually get up,Rick?AtAtfive oclock.five oclock.When do you want to go?When do you want to go?LetsLetsgo at 7:00.go at 7:00.问地方问地方 Wheres my backpack?Wheres my backpack?ItsItsunder the table.under the table.问颜色问颜色 W