最新初中英语阅读理解.pdf

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1、初中英语阅读理解初中英语阅读理解直接引语变间接引语语法讲解；内部资料，仅供参考；一直接引语变间接引语语法讲解；内部资料，仅供参考；一.直接引语和直接引语和间接引语的定义；直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话有引号，被引用；用间接引语的定义；直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话有引号，被引用；用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的局部被称为间接引；人称变化可以遵循如下自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的局部被称为间接引；人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三；“一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时，顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三；“一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中；Shesaid.“Mybrot

2、如果从句中；Shesaid.“Mybrotherherwantstwantst；“第三人称不更新是指直接引直；“第三人称不更新是指直接引直接引语变间接引语语法讲解内部资料，仅供参考接引语变间接引语语法讲解内部资料，仅供参考一一.直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话有引号，原话有引号，被引用或复述的局部被称为被引用或复述的局部被称为直接引语。直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的局部被称为间接引语。被转述的局部被称为间接引语。间接间接引语通常在句中以宾语从句的形式出现。引语通常在句中以宾语从句

3、的形式出现。二二.直接引语变为间接引语的方直接引语变为间接引语的方法法1 1人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，二随宾，第三人称不更新。第三人称不更新。“一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称“一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：SheShe said.said.“My“My brotherbrother wantswants toto gogo withwith me.me.S

4、heShe saidsaid herher brotherbrotherwanted to go with her.“二随宾是指直接引语变间接引语时，假设从句中wanted to go with her.“二随宾是指直接引语变间接引语时，假设从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，也可以用第一人称，如：如：He Hesaid to Katesaid to Kate，How is your

5、sister now?He asked Kate how her sister，How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sisterwas then.was then.“第三人称不更新是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾“第三人称不更新是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr.Smith saidMr.Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.，“Jack is a good

6、worker.Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker.Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker.2 2时态时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。也就是说从句时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一个时态，变成一般过要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一个时态，变成一般过去时。去时。1.1.She said.“I have lost a pen.She said.“I have lost a pen.She said she h

7、ad lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen.现在完成现在完成 过去完成过去完成2.2.She said.“We hope so.She said.“We hope so.She said they hoped so.(She said they hoped so.(一般现在一般现在 一般过去一般过去)3.She said,“He will go to see his friend。3.She said,“He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to seeShe said he would go

8、 to see hishis friend.(friend.(一般将来一般将来 过去将来 过去将来)但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。化。直接引语是客观真理。如：直接引语是客观真理。如：“The“The earthearth movesmoves aroundaround thethe sunsun andand thethe moonmoon movesmoves aroundaround thethe earthearth,the teacher told me.the teacher tol

9、d me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moonmoves around the earthmoves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：JackJack said,said,“John,“John,wherewhere werewere youyou goinggoing whewhen n I I metm

10、et youyou inin thethe street?street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：变。如：Xiao Wang said Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20,1980

11、.，“I was born on April 20,1980.Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.直接引语如果是Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said,“I get up at six every morning.He said he gets up at sixHe said,“I get up at six every mo

12、rning.He said he gets up at sixevery morning.every morning.3 3其它其它直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：1 1 指示代词指示代词 this-that these-those this-that these-those表示时间的词表示时间的词 now-then to now-then todayday-that day t-that day t hishis week(month,etc.)week(month,etc.)-thatthat

13、weekweek(month,(month,etc.)etc.)yesterdayyesterday-thethe dayday beforebefore lastlast week(month)week(month)-the week(month)before three days(a year)ago-three days(a-the week(month)before three days(a year)ago-three days(ayear)beforeyear)before tomorrowtomorrow-thethe nextnext(following(following)d

14、ayday nextnext week(month)-theweek(month)-thenext(following)week(month)next(following)week(month)表地点的词表地点的词 here-there here-there 动词动词 bring-take come-go bring-take come-go 三、句三、句型：型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 thatthat 引导的宾语从句。句引导的宾语从句。句中常用中常用 saysay，tell tell 等等 如：如：She said,“OurShe sai

15、d,“Our busbus will arrive in five will arrive in fiveminutes.minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反义疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由语如果是反义疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 ifif 或或whetherwhether是否引导的宾语从句中常用是否引导的宾语从句中常用 askask7 7The

16、 motThe motherher said,“Tom,get up early,please.said,“Tom,get up early,please.8 8The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.9 9My father said,“Practice makes perfect.My father said,“Practice makes perfect.1010The boyThe boy said to us,“I usually get

17、 up at six everysaid to us,“I usually get up at six every dayday.二、二、稳固练习：稳固练习：1.Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.1.Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A.bring B.brought C.bring D.to bringA.bring B.brought C.bring D.to bring2.The teacher told the boy students _ footbal

18、l on the grass.2.The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass.A.not play B.not to play C.played D.playingA.not play B.not to play C.played D.playing 3._ Tom 3._ Tom diddidn?t go to school?n?t go to school?A.Do you know how B.Why do you knowA.Do you know how B.Why do you knowC.How you kn

19、ow why D.Do you know whyC.How you know why D.Do you know why4.She looks sad.Could you please tell me _ that prevents4.She looks sad.Could you please tell me _ that preventsherher fromfrom being as happy as before?being as happy as before?A.what it is B.it is what C.how it is D.it is howA.what it is

20、B.it is what C.how it is D.it is how5.5.BettyBetty askedasked herher sistersister _ toto thethe railwayrailway stationstation toto seesee herher off.off.A.not to come B.not to go C.to not come D.to not goA.not to come B.not to go C.to not come D.to not go6.The pupil asked6.The pupil asked hishis tea

21、cher _ round the earth.teacher _ round the earth.A.weatA.weatherher the moon goes B.that the moon went C.whether the moon the moon goes B.that the moon went C.whether the moongoes D.whether the moon wentgoes D.whether the moon went7.Mr.Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.7.Mr.Li _ Wang Ling _ a t

22、axi to the airport.A.asked;take B.asked;taking C.told;take D.told;to takeA.asked;take B.asked;taking C.told;take D.told;to take8.She asked him _.8.She asked him _.A.whose dictionary tA.whose dictionary thishis is B.whose dictionary that was is B.whose dictionary that wasC.whose dictionary is this D.

23、whose dictionary that isC.whose dictionary is this D.whose dictionary that is9.Do you know _?9.Do you know _?A.what is he doing B.what he doingA.what is he doing B.what he doingC.what he is doing D.what does he do nowC.what he is doing D.what does he do now 10.I don?t know _ to learn English.10.I do

24、n?t know _ to learn English.A.when did he begin B.when he beganA.when did he begin B.when he beganC.he when began D.when he beginsC.he when began D.when he begins11.Can you guess _?11.Can you guess _?A.what is that man B.who that man isA.what is that man B.who that man isC.whom that man is D.who is

25、that manC.whom that man is D.who is that man12.I wonder how much _.12.I wonder how much _.A.does he spend on hisA.does he spend on his carcar B.B.diddid he spend on his car he spend on his car C.he spent on his car D.he spent in his car C.he spent on his car D.he spent in his car专项练习答案：专项练习答案：1 1 He

26、 told me that he had left his book in his room.He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 2 She said that he would be She said that he would be busbusy.y.3 3 She asked Tom if/whet She asked Tom if/whetherher he could help her.he could help her.4 4 She asked me whether that book was mine or S

27、he asked me whether that book was mine or hishis.5 5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.The moth

28、er asked Tom to get up early.8 8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 9 My father said practice makes perfect.My father said practice makes perfect.1010 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every The boy told us he usually gets up at six every dayday.稳固练习答案：稳固练习答案：1 15DBDAB;65DBDAB;610CDBCB10CDBCB；11-12BC11-12BC