高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧.pdf

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1、高高中中英英语语阅阅读读理理解解之之主主旨旨大大意意题题解解题题技技巧巧文件排版存档编号：UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN2082016-20172016-2017 年高三英语培优补差学案二年高三英语培优补差学案二Gongli/2016/11/14Gongli/2016/11/14阅读理解之主旨大意题阅读理解之主旨大意题一、一、阅读技巧“tips”阅读技巧“tips”（一）（一）题型特点题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。（二）（二）题干表现形式题干表现形式1.What wou

2、ld be the best title of the passageWhat would be the best title of the passage2.Which of the following is the best title for the passageWhich of the following is the best title for the passage3.What is the passage mainly aboutWhat is the passage mainly about4.What does the text mainly talk aboutWhat

3、 does the text mainly talk about5.What is the(main)purpose of this articleWhat is the(main)purpose of this article6.The purpose of the passage is _.The purpose of the passage is _.7.Whats tWhats the topic of the articlehe topic of the article8.What is the main idea of the passageWhat is the main ide

4、a of the passage9.The passage is intended to _.The passage is intended to _.（三）（三）应试技巧应试技巧1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意2.无明显主题句时高频信息词一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。Exercises.Exercises.Text 1Text 1People have different tastes in f

5、ood.Some feel that theyhavent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at everymeal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and wouldenjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Otherscould live on what were called fas

6、t-foods:a hamburger or hotdog,French fries and a soft drink.主题句在_Text 2Text 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactlywhat to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Stillothers like a democratic discussion type of class.No oneteaching method can be devised to satisfy all

7、 students at thesame time.主题句在_Text 3Text 3Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten(咬)bysnakes.“It was seeing people with snake bites(伤口)that ledme to this career,”he said.In 1963,after his army service,Shu entered a medical schooland later became a doctor of Chinese medicine.As part of his

8、studies he had to work in the mountains.There he often heard ofpeople who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite inorder to save their lives.“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met.Itwas a very hot afternoon.The old man was pulling grass in hisfields when he felt a pain

9、in his left hand.He at once realizedhe had been bitten by a poisonous snake.In no time he wrapped acloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to hisheart.Rushing home he shouted Bring me the knife!Minuteslater the man lost his arm forever.”“The sad story touched me so much that I deci

10、ded to devotemyself to helping people bitten by snakes,”Shu said.主题句在_Text 4Text 4Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if atire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who isafraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings lightto many dark situations.Finding someth

11、ing in the back of acloset is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needsone after the light of the campfire has been out.主题句在_Text 5Text 5A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that linksthe port area with motorway systemAs part of the project,two four-kilometer road tunnels arebei

12、ng built below the central area of the city,The twotunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meterswide,providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipesremove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality ofair ins

13、ide the tunnel.The lighting is at the top of thetunnel,The wall is made up of four main elements,whichinclude a waterproofing covering and,on the inside of the tunnel,a concrete lining.Each tunnel is roughly round and the lowerpart of the tunnel is somewhat flat.along the length of thetunnel.The fir

14、e main is at the side of the tunnel and at thelevel of the road surface.Other systems in the tunnel willinclude emergency phones.The passage is mainly about _.The passage is mainly about _.A.the construction of a road B.the design of a road C.the construction of two railways D.the design of two tunn

15、els4.注意标志词文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：1)1)关注一些表强调转折关系的连词关注一些表强调转折关系的连词but,yet,however,infact,indeedbut,yet,however,infact,indeed 等等2)2)关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：on the whole,inbrief/short,above all,after all,allinall,inon the whole,inbrief/short,above all,after all,allinall,inconclusion,in a wo

16、rd,in short,as a result,therefore,thusconclusion,in a word,in short,as a result,therefore,thus 等等3)3)如果主题句有如果主题句有 show,indicateshow,indicate 和和 suggestsuggest 等词，重点看其后的宾语从等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。句。（四）（四）错误干扰项干扰项选项的特点：以偏概全。只是文中某个具体事实或细节，或是一句没有展开论述的评论。主观臆断。读者往往根据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片面退出的结论而忽视了作者的见解。无关信息。既在文章中没有提

17、到或找不到语言依据的信息。Exercises.Exercises.Text 6Text 6Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America.About160,440 Americans die each year from it.More than 87 percent oflung cancers are smoking related,according to theLung CancerOrganization.The main idea of the passage is _.The main idea of the passage i

18、s _.A.B.C.D.Lung cancer is the cancer killerSmoking is a bad habitLCO advises people to stop smokingWhy did people die of Lung cancerText 7Text 7Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments showthat cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most seriousand terrible disease(illness),

19、cancer,cigarette smoking also cancause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy forcigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportantcold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worthitWhat is the main ideaWhat i

20、s the main ideaA.B.C.Smoking can cause cancer.Smoking is a terrible killerSmoking is harmful to our health.D.An experiment on smoking.练习一：练习一：A JINTAN,JIANGSU:The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had athousand reasons to be proud of themselves.They had just climbedtheir way to the top rung(阶梯)out of

21、4 million students taking partin the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest(竞赛)on Tuesday evening.The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle schoolstudents under the age of 14.Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils canfigure them out.It is just unbeliev

22、able!said a teacher fromGuangdong province.Named after Chinas most famous mathematician,Hua Luogeng,thecontest started in 1986,one year after his death.In less than 10years,it has been recognized by the State Education Commission(国家教委)as the countrys biggest and best contest of its kind.This news st

23、ory is mainly about _.A.when the contest startedB.how the contest got its nameC.the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contestD.the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest练习二练习二 Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways.Some fatpeople have a large stomach and no waist

24、linewhich makes them lookround,rather like apples.Others are fatter below the waist,whichmakes them appear pear-shaped.There are two types of fat:external fat(fat under the skin)and internal fat(fat inside the body wall).Doctors,who have beenexamining the relationship between health and fatness,have

25、 found thatthe pears have less internal fat,but the apples have moreinternal fat than external fat.This seems to be what causes thehealth problems.The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat.But unfortunately it seems that dieting(节食)simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smalle

26、r apple and a pear-shaped person into asmaller pear.At the moment there is no known way of reducing theinternal rather than external fat.The text is mainly about _.A.fatness and health B.ways to lose weighC.peoples figures D.distribution of fat练习三练习三 In 1901,.Wells,an English writer,wrote a book des

27、cribing atrip to the moon.When the explorers(探险者)landed on the moon,theydiscovered that the moon was full of underground cities.Theyexpressed their surprise to the moon people they met.In turn,themoon peopleexpressed their surprise.Why,they asked,are youtraveling to outer space when you dont even us

28、e your inner space .Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.In 1969,humanbeings really did land on the moon.People today know that there areno underground cities on the moon.How ever,the question that themoon people asked is still an interesting one.A growing number ofscientists are seriously th

29、inking about it.Underground systems are already in place.Many cities haveunderground car parks.In some cities,such as Tokyo,Seoul andMontreal,there are large underground shopping areas.The Chunnel,atunnel(隧道)connecting England and France,is now complete.But what about underground cities Japans Taise

30、i Corporation isdesigning a network of underground system,called Alice Cities.Thedesigners imagine using surface space for public parks and usingunderground space for flats,offices,shopping,and so on.A solardome(太阳能穹顶)would cover the whole city.Supporters of underground development say that building

31、 downrather than building up is a good way to use the earths space.Thesurface,they say,can be used for farms,parks,gardens,andwilderness.Wells moon people would agree.Would youWhat would be the best title for the textA.Alice Citiescities of the future B.Space travel with.WellsC.Enjoy living undergro

32、und D.Building down,not up练习四练习四Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes.Itwas seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career,hesaid.In 1963,after his army service,Shu entered a medical schooland later became a doctor of Chinese medicine.As part of his studieshe had to

33、work in the mountains.There he often heard of people whohad their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to savetheir lives.I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met.It wasa very hot afternoon.The old man was pulling grass in his fields whenhe felt a pain in his left hand.He

34、 at once realized he had beenbitten by a poisonous snake.In no time he wrapped a cloth tightlyaround his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart.Rushing homehe shouted Bring me the knife!Minutes later the man lost his armforever.The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devotemyself t

35、o helping people bitten by snakes,Shu said.The best headline for this newspaper article is _.A.Astonishing Medicine B.Farmer Loses ArmsC.Dangerous Bites D.Snake Doctor练习五练习五 James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson ofblack slaves.His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9.Ther

36、e,aschool teacher asked the youth his name.,he replied.She thought he had said Jesse,and he had a new name.Owens ran his first race at age 13.After high school,he wentto Ohio State University.He had to work part time so as to pay forhis education.As a second-year student,in the Big Ten games in 1935

37、,he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a yearlater.A week before the Big Ten meet,Owens accidentally fell down aflight of stairs.His back hurt so much that he could not exercise allweek,and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him tothe meet.He refused to listen

38、 to the suggestions that he give up andsaid he would try,event by event.He did try,and the results are inthe record book.The stage was set for Owens victory at the Olympic Games inBerlin the next year,and his success would come to be regarded as notonly athletic(体育的)but also political.Hitler did not

39、 congratulateany of the African-American winners.It was all right with me,he said years later.I didnt go toBerlin to shake hands with him,anyway.Having returned from Berlin.He received no telephone call fromthe president of his own country,either.In fact,he was not honoredby the United States until

40、1976,four years before his death.Owens Olympic victories made little difference to him.Heearned his living by looking after a school playground,and acceptedmoney to race against cars,trucks,motorcycles,and dogs.Sure,it bothered(烦扰)me,he said later.But at least itwas an honest living.I had to eat.In

41、time,however,his gold medals(奖牌)changed his life.Theyhave kept me alive over the years,he once said.Time has stoodstill for me.That golden moment dies hard.Which of the following is a suitable title for the textA.Jesse Owens,a Great American AthleteB.Golden Moment a Life-time StruggleC.Making a Livi

42、ng as a SportsmanD.How to Be a Successful Athlete限时阅读限时阅读词数：364标准时间：6 分钟一People do not analyze every problem they meet.Sometimes theytry to remember a solution from the last time they had a similarproblem.They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other times they begin to act without t

43、hinking.They try to find asolution by trial and error.However,when all these methods fail,theperson with a problem has to start analyzing.There are six stages inanalyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem.Forexample,Sams bicycle is broken,and he cannot read it to clas

44、s ashe usually does.Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem.Before Sam can repair hisbicycle,he must find out the reason why it does not work.Forinstance,he must determine if the problem is with the gears,thebrakes,or the frame.He must make his

45、problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problemclearer and lead to possible solutions.For instance,suppose Samdecided that his bike does not work because there is something wrongwith the gear wheels.At this time,he can look in his bicycle repairbook and read

46、 about gears.He can talk to his friends at the bike shop.He can look at his gears carefully.After studying the problem,the person should have severalsuggestions for a possible solution.Take Sam as an illustration.Hissuggestions might be:put oil on the gear wheels;buy new gear wheelsand replace the o

47、ld ones;tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem.Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinkersuddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way.Sam,forexample,suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum bet

48、weenthe gear wheels.He immediately realizes the solution to his problem:he must clean the gear wheels.Finally the solution is tested.Sam cleans the gear wheels andfinds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly.In short,he hassolved the problem.What is the best title for this passage What is the b

49、est title for this passageA.Six Stages for Repairing Sams BicycleB.Possible Ways to Problem-solvingC.Necessities of Problem AnalysisD.Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem限时阅读二限时阅读二Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something theylearned as children but have never practiced ever s

50、ince.A man who hasnot had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well asever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle aftermany years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball aswell as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words foryears can teach her