2021届高考英语(统考版)二轮备考提升指导12阅读理解——主旨大意题含解析.pdf

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1、-1-2021 届高考英语（统考版）二轮备考提升指导 优培 12 阅读理解主旨大意题（2020全国 III 卷，C）With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law,who lives on the ground

2、 floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristolone of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.They share a front door and a washing machine,but Rita

3、Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think?“Fro

4、m my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it?Yes,I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living

5、 together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with their elderly parents;many more adult children are returning to the family home,if they ever left.It is said that about 20%of 25-34-year-olds live with their

6、parents,compared with 16%in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.In India,particularly outside cities,young women are expect

7、ed to move in with their husbands family when they get married.28.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.Kathryn D.The daughters.29.What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.30.What

8、 is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A.Family traditions.B.Financial reports.-2-C.Published statistics.D.Public opinions.31.What is the text mainly about?A.Lifestyles in different countries.B.Conflicts between generations.C.A housing problem in Britain.D.A rising trend o

9、f living in the UK.【答案】28-31 BACD【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又甚感孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。28.细节理解题。根据第三段“but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但 Rita 在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中占用一楼。故选 B 项。29.推理判断题。根据第五段“From m

10、y standpoint,it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it?Yes,I think I would.”可知，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选 A 项。30.细节理解题。第六段提到官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从 2002 年的 32.5 万户增加到 2013 年的41.9 万户。第七段则说 25-34 岁的年轻人中有 20%和父母住在一起，而 1991 年这一比例为 16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为 180 万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述是基于发布的统计数据。故选 C 项。31.主旨大意题。通

11、读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又甚感孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国该种生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选 D 项。（2020浙江卷 7 月，C）Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking,planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age,a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggest

12、s.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.Then,for eight years,the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to

13、take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激),demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.And they tended to lose cognitive(认知)function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.The results held true even after the sc

14、ientists accounted for the participants overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise,”says Francisca Then,who led the study.“After a long run,you may feel like youre in pain,you may feel tired.But it makes you fit.After a long day at work,sure,you will feel tired,-3-but it can help

15、your brain stay healthy.”Its not just corporate jobs,or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit,Then points out.A waiters job,for example,that requires multitasking,teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work.And“running a family household require

16、s high-level planning and coordinating(协调),”she says.“You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”Of course,our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasonsincluding other environmental influences or genetic factors.Still,continuing to cha

17、llenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.28.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?A.To assess their health status.B.To evaluate their work habits.C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ability.29.How does Francisca Then explain her fin

18、dings in paragraph 4?A.By using an experts words.B.By making a comparison.C.By referring to another study.D.By introducing a concept.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B.Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C.Your Tough Job Might Help

19、 Keep You Sharp D.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age【答案】28-30 DBC【解析】这是一篇说明文。神经病学杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析能力、计划能力和其他管理技能的有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。28.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句（来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了 1000 多名 75 岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。）可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选 D 项。29.推理判断题。根据第四段中 Francisca Then

20、 说的话“This works just like physical exercise”（这就像体育锻炼一样有效）及接下来进一步的解释（长跑后人会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态。）可知，Francisca Then 是通过与身体锻炼作比较来解释他的发现的。故选 B 项。30.主旨大意题。第一段是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以 C 项（困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷）适合作本文标题。故选 C 项。-4-（2020天津卷，D）After years of observing huma

21、n nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance:curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.Together,these de

22、ep human urges(驱策力)count for much more that ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunatel

23、y,curiosity and discontent dont have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,”said Mencius(孟子),“is he who does not lose his childs heart.”Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desir

24、es restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner,to avoid foolish leaps into the dark,to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we think how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have

25、 to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start?Modestly,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldnt arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.Now she is one of the experts,writing books on

26、 flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You havent any special ability?Most people dont;there are only a few geniuses.You havent any time?Thats good,because its always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of Uncle Toms Cabin w

27、hile cooking.Youre too old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for youll never be more alive than you are at this moment.51.In

28、 writing Paragraph 1,the author aims to _.A.propose a definition B.make a comparison C.reach a conclusion D.present an argument 52.What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.-5-B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from chall

29、enging authority.D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.53.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a life of adventure.D.Follow the fashion.54.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success he

30、lps you become an expert.B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.55.What could be the best tile or the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B.Reflections on Human Natur

31、e C.The Keys to Achievement D.Never Too Late to Learn【答案】51-55 DDBCC【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素：好奇心和不满足。51.推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和永不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。52.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,

32、“Why?Why?Why?”可知伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选 D。53.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,”said Mencius,“is he who does not lose his childs heart.”Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challe

33、nging custom.We just follow the crowd.”可知，历史上所有的伟人都有好奇心，比如伽利略。而孟子认为不失去童心的人，就是伟大的人。然而，我们大多数人却失去了它。我们不再问问题，不再挑战习俗，而只是随波逐流。由此可知，你可以通过培养一个善于提问的头脑，找回好奇心和永不满足这两种品质。故选 B。54.推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Now she is one of the experts,writing books on flower arrangement.”及第七段中的“You havent any special ability?Most people don

34、t;there are only a few geniuses.You havent any-6-time?Thats good,because its always the people with no time who get things done.”以及列举了 Thomas Costain在 57 岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses 在 78 岁时展出了她的第一批画作。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们缺乏天赋和时间不是不行动的理由。故选 C。55.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素：好奇心和永不满足。由此可知，C 项（有所成的关键

35、）适合做本文最佳标题。故选 C。（2019全国 II 卷，C）Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtels“me”time.And like more Americans,shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals

36、are eaten alone in America.More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together,74 percent,according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know?”Bechtel said,looking

37、up from her book.Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today,I just wanted som

38、e time to myself,”she said.Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my d

39、ays gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said.“Its a chance for self-reflection,you return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days

40、 are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demerit,whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A.Food variety.B.Eating habits

41、.C.Table manners.D.Restaurant service.29.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.-7-C.To have some time on her own.D.To collect data for her report.30.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes videos for the bar.B.Hes fond of the food at t

42、he bar.C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.Hes familiar with the barkeeper.31.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.【答案】28-31 BCDA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。据一份报告显示，越来越多的美国人喜欢

43、独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。28.推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有 46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有 74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选 B。29.细节理解题。根据第三段“A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.Today,I just wanted some time to myself.”可知，Bechtel 一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的注意力，给自己一

44、些自由的时间，故选 C。30.推理判断题。根据第四段“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.”可知 Mazoleny 喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，安静地看手机，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选 D。31.主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择

45、独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选 A。Passage 1 Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster,but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies,where every second counts.Now,the Emoji-quake campaign is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be accepted

46、into the Unicodethe standard group of icons(图标)available on digital devices worldwide.The campaign aims to find an earthquake-appropriate design to be admitted to Unicode.提分训练-8-“Approximately up to one third of the worlds population are exposed to earthquakes,”explains University of Southampton sei

47、smologist(地震学家)Dr.Stephen Hicks,a founder of the campaign.“So we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions,all of those different languages,and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”Unlike many other weather and climate related events,where longer warning times or visible sig

48、ns are available,earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring.Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology,which issues an alert on digital devices and broadcast media.“You may have seconds to get u

49、nder a table or to protect yourself,”explains Dr.Hicks.“That can be life-saving in many cases.Naturally you dont want too much wording in the warning message.”Pictographs(象形文字)and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information.Dr.Sara M

50、cBride,a communications specialist,who is also part of the campaign,told BBC News,“Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages,helping communicate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language.”The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well be