2023年高考英语复习全国通用第18讲完形填空记叙文(新高考15空)(讲)学案.pdf

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1、第 18 讲 完形填空记叙文（新高考 15 空）（讲）【考纲考情】新高考完形填空以记叙文为主，以夹叙夹议、说明文为辅。主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。考点多以实词为主，其中包括动词，名词以及形容词。考察重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。文章选材还会继续依据普通高中英语课程标准和中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，进一步深化对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语境的考查。【考点梳理】解题步骤：第一步 通览全文明大意 做完形填空题时，应根据首句给出的提示，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，快速通读全文，抓住主线，理清脉

2、络，把握全篇，第二步 先易后难逐级填 1.句内层次题-边读边填 根据第一遍浏览时的印象，分清设空属于哪种设题类型，在碰到句内层次题时，可以边读边结合已经掌握的信息做出选择，如有必要，可再回读相关句子 2.句组层次题-前后看看 碰到句组层次翻时，先放下该空，采用跳读的方法，继续阅读与其相邻的几个句子，查找相关信息点，然后细读，准确理解句意，选择符合语境的答案。3.语篇层次题-最后决断 对于语篇层次题，需要综合全篇信息作答，所以，语篇层次题考查的是综合逻辑分析能力。在做这类题目时，不要急于作答，一定要等到信息足够明了，放到最后再作判断。第三步 复核验证读全篇 填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一

3、遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。解题口诀：句内层次最简单，根据已知便能填。句组层次也不难，放下该空前后看。语篇层次确实难，解题信息找不全。此类问题不要慌，放眼全篇组思量。句内句组不能解，暂时跳过放一放。等到信息足够全，综合思维把它判。解题技巧 一、利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的

4、答案。1.原词复现【例】（2020全国卷 I）One day theyll 47.wake up and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48.I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie were telling is doing 52.spiritual damage to our childre

5、n.48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact 【答案】B 【解析】本起可以利用原词复现解题。由下文的“I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie.”并结合语境可知正确选项。2.同义复现【例】（20213 月天津卷）For most people,having things stolen feels like an offence.Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last Septembe

6、r.But soon enough,his17.emotions took a turn.After letting go of his anger and frustration,he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead.16.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened 【答案】B 【解析】本题可以利用同义复现解题。根据下文的“After letting go of his anger and frustration”可知此处和“anger”“frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。3.反义

7、复现【例】（2021新高考 I 卷）Our 48.roles in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.This was_50_ than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little

8、 more high-pressure than Id 52.expected.50.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper 【答案】A 【解析】本题可以利用反义复现解题。尽管前文提到了“Our48.roles in the factory were simple,根据下文中的“the cakes pile upa little more high-pressure可知，作者想表达实际上作者他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单，harder 与 simple 构成反义复现。4.代词复现【例】（2016全国卷 I）Once fire and emergency peo

9、ple arrived,Larry and the other man 56.backed off and let them go to work.Then,Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58.free to go.They let him and the otherman go.57.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver 【答案】B 【解析】本题可以利用代词复现解题。根据语境和下文中的“They”可知,拉里问是否还需要他，问的对象肯定是这些急救人员。下文中的代词“they”是复数，四个选项中只有 police 是集合名

10、词,表示复数,也符合常识。二、利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。【例】（2021浙江卷 1 月）My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions,although I sh

11、ould say they were only heard,never 47.seen.Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being.The 48 of knowing that my 49.work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.48.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention 【答案】A 【解析】本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据划线处后半句“my 49.work will

12、be on that mountainside for years to come is massive”,“了解我的工作成果(work)将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上”，作者对自己的工作有十足的满足感，故用 satisfaction“满足,满足感”。三、利用逻辑关系解题 在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法【例】（2021天津卷 3 月）In addition to 31.practical skills,Pruitts lessons teach teamwork,encourage self-worth,and promote feelings of community.3

13、2,the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.32.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查连接词，可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据语境可知，此处表示与此同时，孩子们也获得了成就感 otherwise“否则,不然”;however“但是”;somehow“以某种方式”;meanwhile“与此同时”。四、利用语境暗示分析法解题 在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。【例】（2021全国卷甲）Burchill was

14、 41.staying at the hotel on business and planning to 42.visit some friends in the area.They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni(辣香肠)from back east.So he 44 a suitcase full of pepperoni.44.A.filled B.locked C.abandoned D.lost 【答案】A 【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文They had asked him to 43.bring some pepp

15、eroni(辣香肠)from back east“,可推知 Burchill 应该是装了一手提箱的辣香肠带给朋友，此题选 A 符合上下文语境。【题型剖析】A（2022全国高考真题）Like many young people,Jessica wants to travel the globe.Unlike most of them,this 25-year-old is doing it _1_.She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,stopping everywhere from Paris

16、 to Singapore.It might sound like one long,expensive _2_,but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel _3_.Theyre part of a new form of the _4_ economy:an online group of house sitters.Throughout their no-cost stays in _5_ homes,they feed pets and water plants in the homeowners _6_.Its not

17、all sightseeing.The two travelers carefully _7_ their trips,scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to _8_.But house sitting also offers a level of _9_ they cant find in a hotel.“Its like _10_ at a friends house,”Jessica says.The couple has a high _11_ rate in getting acce

18、pted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowners _12_.For Jessica,that means _13_ plenty of pictures of happy pets,keeping the house _14_ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house.“You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right _15_,”she says.1Aindoor

19、s Bonline Csingle-handed Dfull-time 2Agame Bservice Cvacation Dprocedure 3Asafe Bbusy Chelpful Daffordable 4Alocal Bprivate Csharing Dagricultural 5Astrangers Bparents Cco-workers Dneighbors 6Afavor Bdefense Chonor Dabsence 7Aplan Bexplain Ccompare Dcomplete 8Abuy Btransport Cchoose Dplease 9Asuppor

20、t Bcomfort Ccontrol Dattention 10Acooking Bstaying Cwaiting Dstudying 11Asuccess Bsurvival Cgrowth Dunemployment 12Abudget Babilities Cexpectations Dunderstanding 13Aadmiring Bdonating Csending Dborrowing 14Aclean Bopen Csimple Dempty 15Aguess Bdecision Cresponse Dimpression B（2021全国高考真题）Over the pa

21、st 38 years,Mr.Wang has pretended to be someone else many times,and has even learned to _16_ different dialects（方言），leading to him being described as an“Oscar-winning actor.The 60-year-old is not an actor,but a _17_ However,he is more devoted to his“_18_ than any real actor.In the 1990s,a group of t

22、hieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars.To look into the _19_，Wang disguised（伪装）himself and _20_ the beggars.Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the _21_ of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the _22_ of the beggars.“I often _23_ them to drink alcohol.Once the

23、y were _24_,they began to talk a lot,Wang said.“Id then _25_ myself to use the toilet,_26_ what the beggars said,and send the _27_ to my teammates.”Wang，who is often in _28_ situations，is also a judo（柔道）master.“As long as I get close enough,no criminal can _29_ from me,he said.Wangs _30_ won him sev

24、eral honors,including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.16Ateach Bcompare Cassess Dspeak 17Alawyer Bdoctor Cpoliceman Dbusinessman 18Arole Bstudy Cfamily Daudience 19Aminor Bcase Cfuture Dquestion 20Ainterviewed Bjoined Carrested Dassisted 21Achallenge Bexperience Cappea

25、rance Dfreedom 22Avote Bsympathy Cpermission Dtrust 23Ainvited Bforced Chelped Dexpected 24Adrunk Bdeserted Cbored Dlost 25Aguide Bpersuade Cexcuse Dallow 26Arefer to Bnote down Cask about Dmiss out 27Aplan Bagreement Cdirection Dinformation 28Aawkward Bdangerous Cunfortunate Dstrange 29Aseparate Brecover Cescape Dhear 30Acourage Bhonesty Ckindness Doptimism