2023年高考英语复习全国通用第12讲阅读理解推理判断题(练)(解析版).pdf

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1、第 12 讲 阅读理解推理判断题（练）A Sophia Gholz is an award-winning childrens book author,music lover.and magic seeker.Sophia enjoys writing fiction with humor and heart.When writing nonfiction,she pulls on her love of science and her family background in ecology.Her book,The Boy Who Grew a Forest,shares the true

2、 story of Jadav Payeng,a man in India who single-bandedly planted an entire forest over the course of his lifetime.When he was younger,Jadav Payeng was shocked by the destruction of his island home.So he took matters into his own bands and began planting one seed at a time.Jadavs forest is now over

3、1300 acres and provides a home to many animals,some endangered.Jadav is still planting today and his hard work has now been celebrated around the world.To write this story,Sophia got to know more about Jadav Payeng and his forest through a documentary film called Forest Man.Influenced by her father,

4、a forest ecologist and a scientist,she grew up learning about the importance of trees and the natural world.When she heard about a man on a m1ssion to reforest an entire island on his own,she was drawn to this story.As for research,most of her research was done online.She read every news article tha

5、t she could find about Jadav and listened to every interview.Then she reached out to several people who had met or interviewed Jadav as well,including the producer of his short documentary film.She hopes that The Boy Who Grew a Forest lights a spark in everyone who reads it to go out and care for ou

6、r beautiful planet.Shed love young readers to be inspired to plant or to learn more about animal habitats,biodiversity and science in general.1What is the second paragraph mainly about?AA story on how to plant trees.BEndangered animals in the forest.CDestruction of Jadavs island home.DA book introdu

7、cing a tree-planting hero.2What do we know about Jadav Payeng?AHe has quit planting recently.BHe is known to many people.CHe was an actor of Forest Man.DHe planted trees with his family.3Which words can best describe Jadav Payeng?AHumorous and skilled.BCreative and outgoing.CDetermined and diligent.

8、DControversia1 and helpful.4Whats the purpose of writing The Boy Who Grew a Forest?ATo encourage research on wildlife.BTo describe a boys farming experience.CTo stress the importance of planting trees.DTo advocate the action to protect the earth.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍作家索菲亚霍尔兹的书 种森林的男孩 所分享的真实的故事，用这个故事呼吁

9、人们去爱护我们美丽的地球。1D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Her book,The Boy Who Grew a Forest,shares the true story of Jadav Payeng,a man in India who single-bandedly planted an entire forest over the course of his lifetime.(她的书种森林的男孩分享了一个真实的故事，贾达夫帕英，一个在印度的男人，在他的一生中独自种植了一整片森林。)”可知第二段主要是种森林的男孩这本书的简介。故选 D。2B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“J

10、adav is still planting today and his hard work has now been celebrated around the world.(贾达夫今天仍然在播种，他的辛勤工作现在已经得到了全世界的赞扬。)”可知贾达夫已经被全世界的人所熟知。故选 B。3C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“a man in India who single-bandedly planted an entire forest over the course of his lifetime(一个在印度的男人，在他的一生中独自种植了一整片森林)”及“Jadav is still pl

11、anting today and his hard work has now been celebrated around the world.(贾达夫今天仍然在播种，他的辛勤工作现在已经得到了全世界的赞扬。)”可推知贾达夫是一个非常有决心又勤劳的人。故选 C。4D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“She hopes that The Boy Who Grew a Forest lights a spark in everyone who reads it to go out and care for our beautiful planet.Shed love young readers t

12、o be inspired to plant or to learn more about animal habitats,biodiversity and science in general.(她希望 种下一片森林的男孩 点燃每一个读这本书的人的火花，去爱护我们美丽的地球。她希望年轻的读者能受到启发去种植植物，或者了解更多关于动物栖息地、生物多样性和科学的知识。)”可推知作者写种下一片森林的男孩这本书旨在呼吁人们去爱护我们美丽的地球。故选 D。B Its common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vincis most famous pa

13、inting seems to look back at viewers,following them with her eyes no matter where they are in the room.But this common knowledge turns out wrong.A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle of 15.4 off to the viewers right well outside the range that people no

14、rmally believe when they think someone is looking right at them.In other words,said the study author,Horstmann,“Shes not looking at you.”This is ironic(讽刺),because the entire phenomenon of a persons gaze(凝视)in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the“Mona Lisa effect”,whic

15、h is absolutely real.If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead,even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at.As long as the angle of the persons gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side,the Mona Lisa effect occurs.Horstmann a

16、nd his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像)when Horstmann took a long look at the“Mona Lisa”and realized she wasnt looking at him.To make sure it wasnt just him,the researchers gathered 24 people to view images of the“Mona L

17、isa”on a computer screen.They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected(相交)Mona Lisas gaze.To calculate the angle of Mona Lisas gaze as she looked at the viewer,they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen duri

18、ng the study.Consistently,the researchers found,participants judged that the woman in the“Mona Lisa”portrait was not looking straight at them,but slightly off to their right.So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer?Horstmann isnt sure.Its possible,he said,that peopl

19、e have the desire to be looked at,so they think the woman is looking straight at them.Or maybe the people who first coined the term“Mona Lisa effect”just thought it was a cool name.5It is generally believed that the woman in the painting“Mona Lisa”_.Aattracts the viewers to look back Bseems mysterio

20、us because of her eyes Cfixes her eyes on the back of the viewers Dlooks at observers wherever they stand 6What did the new study find?AThe Mona Lisa effect does not really exist.BThe mystery of the womans smile in the painting.CThe angle of the gaze in Mona Lisa effect.DMona Lisa effect does not oc

21、cur with Mona Lisa.7The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to _.Aconfirm Horstmanns belief Bcreate artificial-intelligence avatars Ccalculate the angle of Mona Lisas gaze Dshow how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied 8What can we learn from the passage?AHorstmann thinks it cool to coin the

22、 term“Mona Lisa effect”.BThe Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.CFeeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.DThe position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers judgement.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们通常认为蒙娜丽莎画像中的女性无论站

23、在房间的哪个角落，似乎娜丽莎总像是在注视着画外人。但事实证明，这种常识是错误的。为什么人们总是认为她的眼睛会跟着观众走呢？Horstmann 并不确定。有可能是人们有被注视的欲望。5 D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Its common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vincis most famous painting seems to look back at viewers,following them with her eyes no matter where they are in the room.(众所周知，列奥纳多达芬奇最

24、著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎娜丽莎总像是在注视着画外人，用她的眼睛跟随他们)”可知，人们普遍认为，无论站在哪里，画作蒙娜丽莎中的女人都会看着画外人。故选 D。6D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“As long as the angle of the persons gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side,the Mona Lisa effect occurs.(只要这个人凝视的视角在任何两边不超过 5 度，那么蒙娜丽莎的效应就会发生)”可推断，新研究发现“蒙达丽莎效应”不只是发生在蒙娜丽莎身上。故选

25、D。7A【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“To make sure it wasnt just him,the researchers gathered 24 people to view images of the“Mona Lisa”on a computer screen.(为了确保不仅仅是他，研究人员聚集了 24 个人在电脑屏幕上观看“蒙娜丽莎”的图像)”可知，为了证实霍斯曼的看法，对 24 个人进行了调查。故选 A。8C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Its possible,he said,that people have the desire to be looked at

26、,so they think the woman is looking straight at them.(他说，很可能是人们有被注视的渴望，所以他们认为这个女人在看着他们)”可知，大多数人觉得蒙娜丽莎看着自己，其实都是自己的错觉。故选 C。C Teaching children to empathize with others measurably improves their creativity,and could potentially lead to several other benefits,new research suggests.The findings are from

27、a year-long University of Cambridge study with Design and Technology(D&T)year 9 pupils at two London schools.Pupils at School A spent the year following the standard curriculum,while School Bs D&T lessons used a set of engineering design thinking tools to foster students creativity and empathy in so

28、lving real-world problems.Both sets of pupils were assessed for creativity at the start and end of the school year using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking:a well-established psychological test.The results showed a significant increase in creativity among pupils at School BAt the start,the creat

29、ivity scores of pupils in School A were 11%higher than those at School BBy the end,however,creativity scores from School B were 78%higher.Pupils from School B again scored higher in categories such as“emotional expressiveness”and“open-mindedness”,indicating an improvement in empathy was driving the

30、overall creativity scores.Meanwhile,the study suggests encouraging empathy can deepen pupils general engagement with learning.They found that boys in School B showed an improvement in emotional expression,scoring 64%higher at the end of the year than at the start,while girls improved more regarding

31、cognitive empathy,showing 62%more perspective-taking.The research is part of a long-term cooperation between the Faculty of Education and the Department of Engineering at the University of Cambridge,led by Bill Nicholl and Ian Hosking.“Teaching for empathy has been problematic despite being part of

32、the National Curriculum for over two decades.Its vital if we want education to encourage the designers and engineers of tomorrow.”said Nicholl.9What was the purpose to introduce engineering design thinking tools in D&-T lessons?ATo assess the pupils creativity accurately.BTo show the superiority of

33、standard curriculum CTo train pupils to empathize with others in reality.DTo improve pupils involvement with class activities.10How did the researchers get the result?ABy doing an experiment.BBy conducting interviews.CBy giving out questionnaires.DBy referring to related literature.11What can we inf

34、er from the study result?AThe creativity of pupils in School B always took the lead.BThe empathy of pupils in School A promotes their creativity.CBoys and girls differed in their change due to the D&T course.DTeaching for empathy has already achieved a lot due to education reform.12Where is the text

35、 probably from?AA popular journal.BA political report.CAn autobiography.DA science magazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明，教会孩子与他人产生共鸣可以显著地提高他们的创造力，并可能带来其他一些好处。9C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“while School Bs D&T lessons used a set of engineering design thinking tools to foster students creativity and empathy in s

36、olving real-world problems.”（而 B 学校的 D&T 课程使用了一套工程设计思维工具来培养学生来解决现实问题的创造力和同情心。）可知，B 学校引进工程设计思维工具的目的是培养学生解决现实问题的能力。故选 C 项。10 A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Both sets of pupils were assessed for creativity at the start and end of the school year using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking:a well-established psych

37、ological test.”（这两组学生在学年开始和结束时都使用 Torrance 创造性思维测验对创造力进行了评估，该测验是一个公认的心理测验。）可知，研究人员通过做实验得到结果的。故选 A 项。11C【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段中的“They found that boys in School B showed an improvement in emotional expression,scoring 64%higher at the end of the year than at the start,while girls improved more regarding cogni

38、tive empathy,showing 62%more perspective-taking.”（他们发现，B 学校的男生在情感表达方面有所改善，年末的分数比年初高出 64%，而女生在认知移情方面的改善更多，表现出 62%的观点采纳能力。）可知，男孩和女孩在他们的变化上有所不同。故选 C 项。12D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍一项研究结果：教会孩子与他人产生共鸣可以显著地提高他们的创造力，并可能带来其他一些好处。这属于科研类文章，故猜测该文章应选自科学杂志。故选 D 项。D With the social media freely available,Ive realize

39、d how easy it is to become a jealous cow.The truth is that however much I remind myself of the many wonderful things I have in my life,there are still moments when I look at those around me and feel bitterly upset by their success.Its a horrible thing to admit!In an ideal world,Id never want to be j

40、ealous of another persons achievements and Id want to celebrate the successes of my friends.But sometimes its hard,even when we want to.But I dont want to live my life as a jealous cow,and I assume you dont either.Its easier to celebrate other peoples wins if you celebrate your own.How often do we t

41、ake the time to enjoy our success rather than instantly move onto the next thing we want to achieve?Last year,I decided to write a book.It was the only professional goal I set for myself and,while it tired me out,I got there.But as soon as it was done,I started planning my next goal-making the book

42、a success.As I saw other people publishing books,I stopped celebrating and instead began to fear that mine wouldnt compete.When I told a friend how I was feeling,she reminded me how much easier it is to clap for someone else when we also clap for ourselves.So,I took myself out for lunch,ordered a gl

43、ass of wine and wrote myself a congratulations card.When I saw all those other books being written on my social media,I felt proud of each and every one of us who had battled to the end of the word count.The other trick for celebrating other peoples success is to realize that there is no limit on su

44、ccess.We can make more,which means that while it might seem as if others have everything and we have nothing,the reality is that life turns quickly and our luck could change at any time.If others have achieved those things,we can too.When we celebrate others,were acknowledging their achievements but

45、 also cheering for ourselves as well as for our hopes and dreams and our belief that we can make them happen.And hopefully,when we do,those people will cheer for us too.13What can we infer from Paragraph 1?ASocial media is the source of the authors jealousy.BFrequent successes on social media encour

46、age envy.CIt is a pleasure to face others successes on social media.DPeople tend to be crazy about immediate success online.14As far as the author is concerned,what should we do after achieving success?AAppreciate whats been done.BShow it off on social media.CReflect on gains and losses.DWaite for o

47、thers congratulations.15One of the keys to removing jealousy lies in.Apursuing those achievable goals Bdevoting yourself to the next goal Cadmitting personal incompetence Dchanging your attitude to success 16What is the best title for the passage?AIm so happy for us!BWhat a considerate friend!CI don

48、t care about it!DHow selfless you can be!【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者因为社交媒体中无处不在的成功，而变得容易嫉妒他人。因为他在日常生活中并不会这样，所以对此感到非常苦恼。最终在朋友的指导下，学会了庆祝自己的成功，破除心魔。13B【解析】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“With the social media freely available,Ive realized how easy it is to become a jealous cow.The truth is that however much I remind myse

49、lf of the many wonderful things I have in my life,there are still moments when I look at those around me and feel bitterly upset by their success.（随着社交媒体的免费使用，我意识到成为嫉妒的牛是多么容易。事实是，尽管我经常提醒自己生命中有许多美好的事情，但仍有一些时刻，当我看着周围的人，为他们的成功感到痛苦不安。）”可推知，因为社交媒体的随处可及，导致别人的成功频繁出现在自己眼前，因此容易引起嫉妒。故选 B 项。14 A【解析】推理判断题。通过文章第

50、三段“Its easier to celebrate other peoples wins if you celebrate your own.（如果你庆祝自己的胜利，那就更容易庆祝别人的胜利。）”以及文章第四段“When I told a friend how I was feeling,she reminded me how much easier it is to clap for someone else when we also clap for ourselves.（当我告诉一个朋友我的感受时，她提醒我，当我们也为自己鼓掌时，为别人鼓掌是多么容易。）”可推知，想要为他人的成功感到高