2023年中考英语时事热点阅读专练热点14水力发电与风能的利用(学生版+解析版).pdf

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1、2023 年中考英语时事热点阅读专练 热点 14 水力发电与风能的利用 一、阅读理解 1 Tide is the regular rise and fall of the ocean level caused by the movement of the sun,the earth and the moon.It is considered a promising source of green energy to produce electricity in coastal areas.To make use of tidal energy,we need to build tidal po

2、wer stations.The bays and the river mouths where the tide is high(the tidal range is more than 10 metres)are usually perfect sites to build tidal power stations.There are many such places in the world.According to the IRENA(the International Renewable Energy Agency),by just using 2%of our coastlines

3、,we can produce 4,383TWh of ocean power each year,enough to meet 16.4%of the worlds electricity needs.To build a tidal power station,we need to build a dam.In the dam are many turbines and on each turbine there is an electric generator.When the tide rises,water comes through the dam,the turbines tur

4、n and the electric generators work,producing electricity.When the tide fall,water goes out through the dam,the turbines turn again.The electric generators continue to work.Tidal energy has it advantages.Using tidal energy to produce electricity is much cheaper than using the traditional energy,like

5、coal or gas.For example,the Rance Tidal Power Station in France has been there for over 50 years,producing around 540,000TWh of electricity each year.The cost is only 1.3 cents/TWh.Tidal energy can be used nearly 24 hours a day.As long as the sun,the earth and the moon exist,we can use it to produce

6、 electricity.But without sunshine,here is no solar energy.When there is no wind,electric generators will not work.In addition,with the development of modern technology,tidal energy can be stored and used to produce electricity continuously.However,we still have some problems to solve.It is difficult

7、 to build a dam in the sea,and the cost is very high.Moreover,its expensive to keep a tidal power station in its best condition.Scientists are working on them.1.A tidal power station is best built _.A.at a river mouth with wind B.along the coast with waves C.in a bay with tide high enough D.in coast

8、al areas with sunshine 2.The underlined word turbine in Paragraph There is a machine to_.A.make the tide rise and fall B.make an electric generator work C.let water go through the dam D.keep the dam in good condition 3.What advantage does tidal energy have?A.We can use it to get useful tide.B.It can

9、 improve the ocean environment.C.We can use it nearly all the time.D.It meets 16.4%of the electricity needs.4.How can we make better use of tidal energy?A.By digging more bays and river mouths.B.By building cheaper tidal power stations.C.By closing traditional electric power.D.By using tidal energy

10、to replace other energy.2 There are some interesting facts about the Nile.The Nile is nearly 6,671 kilometers long.It is believed to be the longest river in the world.The Nile is a north-flowing river in Africa.It lies in the following countries:Kenya,Eritrea,Congo,Burundi,Uganda,Tanzania,Rwanda,Egy

11、pt,Sudan,Republic of South Sudan and Ethiopia.The Nile is important to Ancient Egypt.There are lots of Ancient Egypts places of interest along the banks of the Nile,such as Luxor and Cairo.The Nile delta(三角洲)in the north of Egypt is where the Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea.It is around 160 ki

12、lometers long and about over 240 kilometers of coastline(海岸线).It is rich in agriculture and has been farmed for thousands of years.Half of Egypts populationaround 40,000,000 people live in the Nile Delta area.In 1787,the famous Rosetta stone was found in the Nile Delta in the city of Rosetta.It play

13、ed a key role in understanding Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字).The Aswan High Dam(阿斯旺大坝)was built in 1970 to help control the flooding of the Nile.5.How many countries does the Nile flow through?A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12 6.The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea in _.A.the Nile delta B.Luxor C.Sudan D

14、.Uganda 7.Whats the population of Egypt according to the passage?A.About 20,000,000.B.About 40,000,000.C.About 60,000,000 D.About 80,000,000.8.Which of the following is TRUE?A.The Nile is the widest river in the world.B.The Nile Delta is in the south of Egypt.C.The Rosetta stone is important to the

15、hieroglyphics.D.The Aswan High Dam can stop the flooding of the Nile.9.Where can we find this passage probably?A.In a newspaper.B.In a novel.C.In a storybook.D.In a science magazine.3 In the modern age,human society runs on energy.Most machines need electricity to operate.Humans cannot live without

16、electricity even a single day in their daily life and work.They have many different ways to create electricity.But some ways are harmful to the environment.For example,fossil fuels(化石燃料)are the most common kind of energy.They include coal,oil,and natural gas.First,people have to dig them from the gr

17、ound.This can sometimes harm the environment.However,scientists are creating cleaner and better ways to do that these days.So the environment is not harmed as much as before.But when people burn these fossil fuels,they can give off a lot of harmful gases,which is considered to be one of the greatest

18、 causes of global warning.This might harm the environment.Tidal(潮汐)energy is another way to make electricity.This uses the ocean tides to make electricity.But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fish and other sea animals.Also dams(大坝)can create lots of clean energy.But dams create lakes and ch

19、ange the way that rivers run.So they can do great harm to the balance of nature around the lakes and along the rivers.Nuclear(核)energy is a very powerful form of energy.It is cheap.It is also very clean.But many people are afraid of it because it uses radioactive materials.Also,there have been some

20、very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm to human and nature.But the technology is much better these days.so many countries are starting to use nuclear energy more.10.In Paragraph I the underlined part“human society runs on energy”means“_”.A.humans in the society waste much energy

21、B.people use energy to make the world work C.our society is full of varied kinds of energy D.humans cannot run fast without energy 11.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE about fossil fuels?A.They are dug from the ground.B.They are considered expensive.C.They hardly harm the envir

22、onment.D.They are not widely used in the world 12.From the passage,we know that tidal energy can _.A.cause serious accidents B.change the way that rivers run C.give off a lot of harmful gases D.kill many living things in the ocean 13.Many countries start to use nuclear energy more because _.A.its a

23、common kind of energy B.people are not afraid of it now C.its cheap,clean and safer than before D.people cant live without it 14.The passage is probably in the part of _ in a newspaper.A.health B.science C.culture D.sports 4 The ocean can be a great place to swim and play,it may also be useful in an

24、other way.Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity.“Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group in Scotland.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.”Scientists are working on using that en

25、ergy to make electricity.The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy,and it is already being used in Scotland.Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean.“The winds start out by making little ripples(波纹)in the water,but if they keep on blowing,t

26、hose ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,”Taylor said.“Waves are one of natures ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”When waves come towards the coast,people can set up dams(大坝)to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine(涡轮).The turb

27、ine can then power an electrical generator(发电机).We will never run out of wave power.Besides,wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.Oceans cover three quarters of the earths surface.That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world.But there are s

28、ome disadvantages that need us to pay more attention to.Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money.He said that its influence on animals in the sea is still unknown.Besides,wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic.With more research,“Many of these problems might b

29、e solved,”Taylor said.“Finding more energy sources(资源)is very important,for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.”In the future,when you turn on a light button,an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!15.We can learn from the passage that_.A.almost every countr

30、y is making use of the wave power at present B.it is necessary for us to develop wave power instead of oil and coal C.wave power will be sure to make some bad influence on sea animals D.scientists are making efforts to find new ways of fishing and boat traffic 16.What does the fourth paragraph tell

31、us?A.Why scientists are doing the research on wave power.B.What experience that scientists have achieved so far.C.How the wave energy forms and grows bigger.D.Which countries are trying out wave power.17.Whats the writers attitude towards wave power?A.The writer believes that wave power will be used

32、 widely by man.B.The writer doubts if wave energy can be changed into electricity.C.The writer is sure the experiments will come to the end some day.D.The writer thinks that wave power isnt worth researching at all.18.What can be the best title for the passage?A.Sea Animals and Wave Power.B.How Do W

33、e Get Wave Energy?C.The Advantages of Wave Power.D.Can Waves Make Electricity?5 Water can provide enough energy for a power station.Find out how it works in this activity.All you need is your hands and a few simple materials:a large plastic bottle a pencil a straw(吸管)a knife scissors a piece of stri

34、ng a drawing pin(图钉)tape Step 1.Cut the top off a large plastic bottle.Use a drawing pin and a pencil to make six holes around the base.Step 2.Cut a straw into six pieces about 2cm long.Push them into the holes and secure(固定)them with tape.Step 3.Make three holes at the top of the bottle and tie a p

35、iece of string through each hole.Then tie the strings to a fourth piece of string(the string should be about the same length).Step 4.Over the sink or outdoors,pour some water into the bottle.As water runs out of the straws,the bottle will spin around.Whats going on?The energy from the water running

36、out of the holes makes the bottle spin around.Falling water and its energy are used on a much larger scale at hydroelectric power stations(水电站).The water turns huge wheels,called turbines.These drive machines called generators that produce electricity.19.The main purpose of the text is to .A.describ

37、e a power station B.introduce water power C.show different materials D.encourage water recycling 20.Which of the following is TRUE about the holes in the bottle?A.There are 9 holes in all in the bottle.B.They are at the top of the bottle.C.They are used for running water.D.They must be the same size

38、.21.In this experiment,energy is produced when .A.the bottle spins around B.water runs out of the straws C.the strings are tied together D.the straw is cut into 6 pieces 22.What can you get from Step 2?A.B.C.D.23.You can find this passage in a magazine about _.A.math B.music C.history D.physics 6 Wi

39、nd power is a very clean source of energy.This is how wind power works.Wind makes windmills(风车)spin(旋转).When the windmills spin,they make electricity that we use.A lot of people think that wind power is new,but thats not true.For thousands of years,people have used wind to sail boats and move water.

40、We still do those things today,but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity.Wind power is a very popular source of energy.Most people think that we should use it more and more.First of all,its clean.Windmills dont pollute the environment at all.Second,we can use wind power forever.Aft

41、er all,we will always have wind.Also,wind power is cheap,and its getting even cheaper.A lot of people dont understand wind power very well.They believe that there are problems with wind power,but many of those problems are not real.For example,some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds.T

42、hey used to be true,but it isnt true anymore.Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast.New windmills spin slowly,and they arent dangerous for birds.However,there are real problems with windmills.One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly.This is a problem for people,b

43、ecause windmills are often in very pretty areas.Also,wind doesnt blow all the time,so we cant use wind power all the time.Finally windmills are noisy.Wind power is becoming more and more common.Right now,more than 80 countries use wind power.About 2.5 percent of the worlds power comes from the wind.

44、For some countries,that number is a lot higher.Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.24.New windmills dont kill birds because _.A.birds dont fly near them B.they are shorter than old windmills C.they spin slowly D.new windmills dont spin 25.People started using wind power

45、_.A.over 1,000 years ago B.about 500 years ago C.about 80 years ago D.about 25 years ago 26.We cant use wind power all the time because _.A.we cant use windmills at night B.windmills break all the time C.wind doesnt blow all the time D.windmills are too expensive to use all the time 27.Which of the

46、following is RIGHT according to the passage?A.Most people dont like wind power.B.Denmark doesnt use wind power.C.Wind power is getting more expensive.D.Wind power is getting cheaper.28.The best title for the passage is _.A.Dangerous Birds B.Popular and Clean Wind Power C.Cheap and Clean Environment

47、D.Expensive Windmills 7 When humans try to make the best use of the nature,it also fights against us at the same time.As a result,many natural treasures are disappearing(消失)quietly these years.The Himalayan Glaciers(冰山)The Himalayan glaciers are melting(融化)faster than ever at speed of 33-49 feet eve

48、ry year because of the rising temperature.Melting glaciers could bring too much water to India,China,and Nepal and break down living places for lots of animals.And for mountain climb,they may face more dangerous challenges.Yangtze Area Our cute pandas are living in the forests of the Yangtze area of

49、 China.Their home used to be beautiful and big.But humans cut down too many trees,so their living areas are becoming smaller and smaller.Food is also less and less.The Three Gorges Dam(三峡大坝),the largest dam in history,is also breaking down the Yangtze River area.Amazon Rain Forest _ However,rising t

50、emperature and over tree-cutting are changing the forests role into carbon sink(碳汇集地),making 30-60%of the rainforest into dry places.Scientists show the forest could disappear completely by 2050.29.may cause the Himalayan Glaciers to melt.A.Cutting down trees B.Too many Wars C.Peoples visits D.The r