英语【考前技能篇4】语法填空的解题技巧.pdf

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1、【考前技能篇 4】语法填空的解题技巧 在一篇约 200 词左右的短文中留出 10 个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写 1 个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。有提示词的空处一般考查的是动、名、形、副。一、有提示词解法思维导图 (一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词 1考查谓语动词 解题 攻略 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑

2、语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。举例 1 While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it _ (be)more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由 while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即 it.or swimming 作 says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。举例 2

3、Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop.Since 2011,the country _ _(grow)more corn than rice.分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语 Since 2011 可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填 has grown。举例 3 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government _(start)a s

4、oiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government _ (start)a soiltesting program为关系副词when 引导的定语从句，先行词为 2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语 between 2005 可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填 started。2考查非谓语

5、动词 3 解题 攻略 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing 表示主动、正在进行；done 表示被动、完成；to do 表示尚未发生的动作。举例 4 You dont have to run fast or for long _ _(see)the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of _(die)early by running.分析：第一句中已

6、有谓语动词dont have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式 to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词 reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词 of 的宾语。举例 5 Another reason for corns rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _(improve)water quality.分析：句中已有谓语动词 encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to imp

7、rove，作目的状语。举例 6 Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _(feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the banks Juergen Voegele.分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词 while 可知，“while _(feed)its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语 China 之间为主动

8、关系，故应填现在分词 feeding。举例 7 But my connection with pandas goes back 分析：when 引导的从句中已经有谓语动词to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter 与 permit 之间是被动

9、关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语 permitted to.作后置定语，修饰 reporter。故填 permitted。3考查派生词 解题 攻略 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。举例 8 This switch has decreased _66_(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water

10、safer for people.分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。举例 9 This development was only possible with the _(introduce)of electricpowered engines and lifts.分析：由前面的定冠词 the 可知，其后应接名词，故填 introduction。(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词 解题 攻略 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。举例 10 Two of the authors of

11、 the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _(cause)分析：分析句子成分可知，from all _(cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有 all，所以填其复数形式 causes。举例 11 To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surf

12、aces,do exercises to _(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词 do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号 to 构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填 strengthen。举例 12 The Central London Railway was one of the most _(success)of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.分析：根据语境并结合空前的 the

13、 most 可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填 successful。(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词 解题 攻略 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。举例 13(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years _(long)than nonrunners.分析：根据空格后面的 than 可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填 longer。举例 14 A taste for m

14、eat is _63_(actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词 is 应用副词。故填 actually。(四)低频考点：提示词为代词 解题 攻略 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。举例 15 When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just

15、glad to find _(they)alive.分析：因空处作动词 find 的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即 them。举例 16 On my recent visit,I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _68_(it)mother.分析：mother 是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词 its。二、无提示词解题思维导图 “无提示词类”解题攻略 (一)高频考点之一：填介词 解题 攻略 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重

16、于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。举例 1 My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.分析：search for 是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，此处指“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩

17、猩。故填 for。举例 2 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _ work.分析：travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填 from。(二)高频考点之二：填冠词 解题 攻略 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。举例

18、3 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent.分析：句意：玉米产量在过去 25 年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了 7%。特指在过去的 25年里。故填定冠词 the。举例 4 Unexpectedly,Im facetoface with the gorilla,who begins screaming at _ top of her lungs.分析：固定短语 at the top of“在的顶部”，此处表示以最大的肺活

19、量喊叫。故填 the。(三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词 解题 攻略 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。举例 5 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from a

20、ll causes.分析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a study，并在定语从句中作主语，故填 that/which。举例 6 Over time,_ the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.分析：根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当时候”，故填 as/when。(四)低频考点：填并列连词 解题攻略 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。举例 7 Another reason for corns rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality.Corn uses less water _ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)runoff.分析：根据比较级 less 可知，此处将玉米和水稻用水量进行比较，需填连词，故填 than。